The Zlatý kůň woman is the fossil of an ancient woman, an Early European modern human, dated to circa 43,000 BP. She was discovered in the Koněprusy Caves in the Czech Republic in 1950.
The Zlatý kůň woman is associated with the Initial Upper Paleolithic, the earliest culture of modern humans in Europe, which expanded into Eurasia more than 40,000 years ago, following their dispersal out of Africa.[1][2][3] On the basis of genetic dating, the Zlatý kůň individual is believed to be the oldest anatomically modern human ever to be genetically sequenced. Her genome represents a deeply splitting lineage basal to the subsequent split between East Eurasians and West Eurasians.[4]
These early Eurasian populations probably mated with Neanderthals in the period between 50,000 and 60,000 years ago, probably during the initial phase of their expansion in the Middle East, and they carried ~2–9% Neanderthal ancestry in their genomes.[5] It is also considered that the early modern humans coexisted with Neanderthals in Europe for a period of about 3,000–5,000 years.[1] The Zlatý kůň woman had a small amount of Neanderthal admixture, going back 70 or 80 generations.[5]
These people do not appear to have been the ancestors of later Europeans, as the very few ancient DNA samples recovered from this period are not related to later samples.[6] The Zlatý kůň woman also has contributed genetically neither to later Europeans nor to Asians
Among the earliest modern humans that have been directly dated to this period are:[7]
an individual from 46,000 to 44,000 years ago in the Bacho Kiro cave, located in present-day Bulgaria; a 45,000-year-old Ust'-Ishim man (no continuity with later Eurasians); a 40,000-year-old Tianyuan man, who is more closely related to modern Asians and Native Americans; Oase 1 (no shared ancestry with later Eurasians); Fumane 2, circa 40,000 BP.
Published: 07 April 2021 A genome sequence from a modern human skull over 45,000 years old from Zlatý kůň in Czechia Kay Prüfer, Cosimo Posth, He Yu, Alexander Stoessel, Maria A. Spyrou, Thibaut Deviese, Marco Mattonai, Erika Ribechini, Thomas Higham, Petr Velemínský, Jaroslav Brůžek & Johannes Krause
Only three genomes have been recovered from individuals that fall close in time to the settlement of Europe and Asia more than 40 thousand years ago (ka)1,2. A complete genome has been produced from the ~45,000-year-old remains of Ust’-Ishim, a Siberian individual who showed no genetic continuity to later Eurasians3. This contrasts with the ~40,000-year-old East Asian individual from Tianyuan whose genome is more closely related to many present-day Asians and Native Americans than to Europeans4. From Europe, only the partial genome of an individual called Oase 1 and dated to ~40 ka has been recovered, and this showed no evidence of shared ancestry with later Europeans5. However, Oase 1 carried more Neanderthal ancestry (6–9%) than other modern human genomes sequenced to date, owing to admixture with Neanderthals that occurred within the six generations before the individual lived.
Here, we study genome sequences generated from a largely complete ancient skull that was discovered alongside other skeletal elements in 1950 inside the Koněprusy cave system in present-day Czechia
The reconstructed mtDNA belongs to haplogroup N and its branch length, measured as the number of accumulated substitutions, is similar to those of the currently oldest sequenced modern human mtDNA genomes (Fig. 2a and Extended Data Fig. 3), including the recently published mtDNAs from Bacho Kiro, a cave in Bulgaria with remains dating to 43–47 ka1. Bayesian tip dating suggests that Zlatý kůň lived ~43 ka (95% highest posterior density = 31.5–52.6 ka).
Zlatý kůň is estimated to carry 3.2% (s.e. = ±0.32%) Neanderthal ancestry, which is the highest value among six Upper Palaeolithic and one Mesolithic Eurasian hunter-gatherers with genome-wide data (range = 3.0–2.1%). However, this difference was not significant at a level of two standard errors for five out of seven comparisons (Fig. 3a).
the lioness, Member # 17353
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I request no one post a reconstruction but can't stop you if you do
Brandon posted one in Deshret
Topic: Forensic and facial reconstructions (near end of page, August 1)
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