posted
"Results of maternal lineages in the Egyptian community within 327 genetic samples, where the results are led by the L strain with 24.8%, followed by the H strain with 23.5%, then U by 9.48%, then T by 8.26%, then M by 6.73% from the completion of the Egyptian Genome Project http:// egyptian-genome .or"
quote:The European, African, and Asian ancestry components of Egyptians are further supported by mitochondrial haplogroup assessment from mtDNA sequencing of 217 individuals in addition to haplogroups of the same 110 Egyptian individuals described earlier, for which 100 haplogroups are available from the literature22. mtDNA sequencing revealed that Egyptians have haplogroups most frequently found in Europeans (e.g., H, V, T, J, etc.; >60%), Africans (e.g., L with 24.8%) or Asians/East Asians (e.g., M with 6.7%) (Supplementary Fig. 42). Overall, this supports the admixture and PCA analysis and the notion that Egypt’s transcontinental geographical location shaped Egyptian genetics. Lastly, we characterized the Egyptian population with respect to ROH. The distribution of overall length of ROHs larger than 5 Mb is comparable for the Egyptian population and Middle Eastern populations and, to lesser extent, also for other North African and Western Asian populations. In comparison, Europeans and Sub-Saharan Africans have usually shorter ROHs, see Fig. 2b. Abundance of long ROHs is typical for the Greater Middle East21 and reflects the common practice of consanguineous marriages in this region.
gyptRef is a reference genome for Egyptian and North African populations to complement the Genome Reference Consortium human genome (GRCh).
The EgyptRef project was initiated by the genetics and systems biology divisions of LIED, Lübeck University, Germany and MERC, Mansoura University, Egypt.
EgyptRef was published on September 18th, 2020 in Nature Communications, see the manuscript here!
I. Wohlers, A. Künstner, M. Munz, M. Olbrich, A. Fähnrich, V. Calonga-Solís, C. Ma, M. Hirose, S. El-Mosallamy, M. Salama, H. Busch & S. Ibrahim. An integrated personal and population-based Egyptian genome reference. Nat Commun 11, 4719 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-17964-1[/I]
-------------------- It's not my burden to disabuse the ignorant of their wrong opinions Posts: 2699 | From: New York | Registered: Jun 2015
| IP: Logged |
posted
the closest match to this are the 90 mummies of Abusir el meleq (except that we see an increase in modern egypt of SSA lineages probably due to the slave trade) :
an upcoming study with samples from different places in Egypt spanning 4000 years of history reached the same results as the Abusir study :
quote:Egypt represents an ideal location for genetic studies on population migration and admixture due to its geographic location and rich history. However, there are only a few reliable genetic studies on ancient Egyptian samples. In a previous study, we assessed the genetic history of a single site: Abusir el-Meleq from 1388 BCE to 426 CE. We now focus on widening the geographic scope to give a general overview of the population genetic background, focusing on mitochondrial haplogroups present among the whole Egyptian Nile River Valley. We collected 81 tooth, hair, bone, and soft tissue samples from 14 mummies and 17 skeletal remains. The samples span approximately 4000 years of Egyptian history and originate from six different excavation sites covering the whole length of the Egyptian Nile River Valley. NGS based ancient DNA 8 were applied to reconstruct 18 high-quality mitochondrial genomes from 10 different individuals. The determined mitochondrial haplogroups match the results from our Abusir el-Meleq study. Our results indicate very low rates of modern DNA contamination independent of the tissue type. Although authentic ancient DNA was recovered from different tissues, a reliable recovery was best achieved using teeth or petrous bone material. Moreover, the rate for successful ancient DNA retrieval between Egyptian mummies and skeletal remains did not differ significantly. Our study provides preliminary insights into population history across different regions and compares tissue-specific DNA preservation for mummies and skeletal remains from the Egyptian Nile River Valley."
quote:Originally posted by Yatunde Lisa: [QB] "Results of maternal lineages in the Egyptian community within 327 genetic samples, where the results are led by the L strain with 24.8%, followed by the H strain with 23.5%, then U by 9.48%, then T by 8.26%, then M by 6.73% from the completion of the Egyptian Genome Project http:// egyptian-genome .or"
Mitochondrial control region sequences from an Egyptian population sample Jessica L. Saunier
2009 Mitochondrial data was sequenced for 277 unrelated Egyptian individuals Jessica L Saunier et al. in the journal Forensic Science International
R0 and its subgroups (31.4%) L3 (12.3%); and Asian origin (n = 33) including M (6.9%) T (9.4%) U (9.0%) J (7.6%) N (5.1%) K (4.7%) L2 (3.6%) L1 (2.5%) I (3.2%) W (0.7%) X (1.4%); African origin (n = 57) including L0 (2.2%)
_______________________________ the Saunier L lineages are listed in 3 sub clades:
L3 12.3% L2 3.6% L1 2.5%
total 18.5% around 6% difference from the pie chart's 24.8%, not huge L3 is common in Northeast Africa and some other parts of East Africa, in contrast to others parts of Africa where the haplogroups L1 and L2 represent around two thirds of mtDNA lineages. L3 sublineages are also frequent in the Arabian peninsula.
Then in the pie chart 23.5% Haplogroup H (also is Amenhotep III's haplogroup according to Gad 2020) The pie chart also shows hap R in red (not the more familiar Y DNA version) 4.8%
but in the Saunier Saunier's R0 figure 31.4% is probably analogous to H + R in the pie chart (23.5 + 4.8 = 29.3)
because> ______________________________ wiki:
Haplogroup R0 derives from the macro-haplogroup R. It is an ancestral clade to the R0a subclade and haplogroup HV, and is therefore antecedent to the haplogroups H and V.
______________________________
Next on pie chart: Hap U 9.48% vs Saunier 9%
then T pie: 8.26% vs Saunier 9.4%
____________________________
Both analysis seem to be similar if I have interpreted right
Posts: 42920 | From: , | Registered: Jan 2010
| IP: Logged |
quote:Originally posted by Antalas: the closest match to this are the 90 mummies of Abusir el meleq (except that we see an increase in modern egypt of SSA lineages probably due to the slave trade) :
an upcoming study with samples from different places in Egypt spanning 4000 years of history reached the same results as the Abusir study :
quote: Human mitochondrial hapologroups and ancient DNA preservation across Egyptian history Urban Christian (1), Neukamm Judith (1), Eppenberger Patrick (1), Brändle Martin (2), Rühli Frank (1), Schuenemann Verena (1) 1 - Institute of Evolutionary Medicine (University of Zurich Switzerland), 2 - Faculty of Biology, Philipps-Universität Marburg (Germany) Egypt represents an ideal location for genetic studi
Egypt represents an ideal location for genetic studies on population migration and admixture due to its geographic location and rich history. However, there are only a few reliable genetic studies on ancient Egyptian samples. In a previous study, we assessed the genetic history of a single site: Abusir el-Meleq from 1388 BCE to 426 CE. We now focus on widening the geographic scope to give a general overview of the population genetic background, focusing on mitochondrial haplogroups present among the whole Egyptian Nile River Valley. We collected 81 tooth, hair, bone, and soft tissue samples from 14 mummies and 17 skeletal remains. The samples span approximately 4000 years of Egyptian history and originate from six different excavation sites covering the whole length of the Egyptian Nile River Valley. NGS based ancient DNA 8 were applied to reconstruct 18 high-quality mitochondrial genomes from 10 different individuals. The determined mitochondrial haplogroups match the results from our Abusir el-Meleq study. Our results indicate very low rates of modern DNA contamination independent of the tissue type. Although authentic ancient DNA was recovered from different tissues, a reliable recovery was best achieved using teeth or petrous bone material. Moreover, the rate for successful ancient DNA retrieval between Egyptian mummies and skeletal remains did not differ significantly. Our study provides preliminary insights into population history across different regions and compares tissue-specific DNA preservation for mummies and skeletal remains from the Egyptian Nile River Valley."
Can you make a post without referring to the slave trade?
Anyway, they have the same weakness, more mitochondrial only Where are the full genomes? At least the in the Abusir el-Meleq 90, three where full genome (but of those 3 all late period)
I notice here they say " samples span approximately 4000 years of Egyptian history " I'm not sure how to interpret that but potentially some mummies as old as 6th-7th dynasty or older than Abusir el-Meleq's oldest analyzed (which went back to 4 older mummies, mtDNA only, oldest 1388 BC). We will have to see how many they have that are from older time periods
Posts: 42920 | From: , | Registered: Jan 2010
| IP: Logged |
posted
no abusir is 90 mummies analyzed for the mtdna and 3 for autosomal
Posts: 1779 | From: Somewhere In the Rif Mountains | Registered: Nov 2021
| IP: Logged |
quote:Originally posted by Antalas: no abusir is 90 mummies analyzed for the mtdna and 3 for autosomal
yes I meant that, I fixed the phrasing I meant Abusir el-Meleq 90 mitochondrial incl three full genome
Posts: 42920 | From: , | Registered: Jan 2010
| IP: Logged |
quote:Originally posted by Elmaestro: @Antalas, you really believe 1/5th or a quarter of the Egyptian ancestry is due to the slave trade? really?
what about H being consistently higher than U, M and T in recent times?
At this point I don't think that should be questioned as pointed out by some geneticists :
quote:In fact, of the 114 mtDNA genomes now available from northern African ancient human remains, only one belongs to an African lineage (L3 observed in a skeleton from Abusir el-Meleq [74]). The deep presence of Eurasian mtDNA lineages in Northern Africa has, therefore, been clearly established with these recent reports and offers further support for the authenticity of the Eurasian mtDNA sequence observed in the Djehutynakht mummy"
As for H, that might also be recent anyway overall Egypt on its maternal side show strong ties with the Levant and if the upcoming study match abusir I wonder how you will justify this for the old kingdom era...
Posts: 1779 | From: Somewhere In the Rif Mountains | Registered: Nov 2021
| IP: Logged |
As for H, that might also be recent anyway overall Egypt on its maternal side show strong ties with the Levant and if the upcoming study match abusir I wonder how you will justify this for the old kingdom era... [/QB]
though diversity may be lower than in Iberia, Libyan Tuareg according to this have the highest frequency of H in the world which may be due to isolation, Highest frequency outside Africa, Basques in Spain 27.8
Posts: 42920 | From: , | Registered: Jan 2010
| IP: Logged |
posted
in the case of tuareg it's most probably due to a population bottleneck, their numbers are very low
Posts: 1779 | From: Somewhere In the Rif Mountains | Registered: Nov 2021
| IP: Logged |
quote:Originally posted by Elmaestro: @Antalas, you really believe 1/5th or a quarter of the Egyptian ancestry is due to the slave trade? really?
what about H being consistently higher than U, M and T in recent times?
At this point I don't think that should be questioned as pointed out by some geneticists :
quote:In fact, of the 114 mtDNA genomes now available from northern African ancient human remains, only one belongs to an African lineage (L3 observed in a skeleton from Abusir el-Meleq [74]). The deep presence of Eurasian mtDNA lineages in Northern Africa has, therefore, been clearly established with these recent reports and offers further support for the authenticity of the Eurasian mtDNA sequence observed in the Djehutynakht mummy"
As for H, that might also be recent anyway overall Egypt on its maternal side show strong ties with the Levant and if the upcoming study match abusir I wonder how you will justify this for the old kingdom era...
You're typing a whole bunch of nothing.
Why are we talking about the OK.
The upcoming study shouldn't "match" the Abusir study. The data wouldn't make sense.
What is the convenience that L3 descended lineages dominate the L lineages of the region. yet was the only L lineage found in the necropolis.
Are you attempting to tell me that geneticists believe that Egyptians are 25% slave-descendant?
Posts: 1781 | From: New York | Registered: Jul 2016
| IP: Logged |
-------------------- It's not my burden to disabuse the ignorant of their wrong opinions Posts: 2699 | From: New York | Registered: Jun 2015
| IP: Logged |
posted
@elMaestro I'm talking about OK because many members here imply that this levantine input was recent meanwhile a study spanning 4k years of egyptian history match the abusir paper...
as for the rest, you tell me it's a coincidence that among so many ancient mtdnas we found such a striking difference when it comes to L lineages ? You talk about the slave trade as if it only involved a few thousands people for some decades lol while we're talking about millions of people throughout 1300 years.
this had already been highlighted by other studies :
quote:A proportion of 1/4 to 1/2 of North African female pool is made of typical sub-Saharan lineages, in higher frequencies as geographic proximity to sub-Saharan Africa increases. The Sahara was a strong geographical barrier against gene flow, at least since 5,000 years ago, when desertification affected a larger region, but the Arab trans-Saharan slave trade could have facilitate enormously this migration of lineages." "The interpolation analyses and complete sequencing of present mtDNA sub-Saharan lineages observed in North Africa support the genetic impact of recent trans-Saharan migrations, namely the slave trade initiated by the Arab conquest of North Africa in the seventh century. Sub-Saharan people did not leave traces in the North African maternal gene pool for the time of its settlement, some 40,000 years ago."
UBBFriend: Email this page to someone!
Printer-friendly view of this topic