I meant to put this up while ago,but a recent talk about this in another thread reminded me to do it.
Some of you may agree with it or not,but this is info out here that i think some should know.some folks are confused what are hispanics in THE U.S.,so here is some info to clear it up .
I PUT THIS UP not to debate with anyone,but what is put on the u.s. census and what hispanics aswhole in the u.s. think of themselves so some folks could be aware here.some know this info,others not so clear on it, and some others really do not know.
If anyone agrees with it or not.let your voice be heard. thanks. ________________________________________________
White Americans are the largest racial group counted in the 2000 Census, comprising 75.1% of the population. This number is sometimes recorded as 77.1% when it includes about 2% of the population who self-identified as "white" in combination with one or more other races; about 6% also identified ethnically as Hispanic. The largest ethnic groups (by descent) among white Americans were Germans, followed by the Irish and the English.
In 2005, Whites made up 80.2% of the American population. White Americans (non-Hispanic Whites together with White Hispanics) are projected to remain the majority, though with their percentage decreasing to 73% of the total population by 2050.
Demographic information
During the 2008 American Community Survey, 46.8 million Americans (15.4% of the total population) listed themselves as ethnically Hispanic or Latino American. Of those, 62.3% (29.2 million) self-identified as racially white while 30.2% (14.3 million) reported as belonging to “some other race.” This catch-all category consolidates the various indigenous races of South America, Central America, and the Caribbean. The remaining respondents listed their race as: multi-racial (3.9%), Black or African-American (1.9%), Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander (1.0%), and Asian (0.3%).
The leading country-of-origin for White Hispanics is Mexico (9.8 million), followed by Puerto Rico (1.6 million) and Cuba (1.1 million). A smaller number of White Hispanics originate from various countries in South America (0.8 million), Central America (0.7 million), and the Dominican Republic (0.2 million). Approximately 2.5 million White Hispanics come from “other” places of origin.
Respondents in the "Some other race" category are officially reclassified as white by the Census Bureau in some official estimates of race. This means that more than 90% of all Hispanic or Latino Americans end up being counted as "white" in some statistics of the US Census (which would equal 41 million in 2006). Some Hispanic or Latino American groups have white majorities or pluralities, in contrast to the actual ethnographic profiles of their countries of origin.
Representation in the media In America, social perceptions have changed somewhat through the years, Hispanic or Latino is often incorrectly given a racial value, usually non-white. On the other hand, since the early days of the movie industry in the U.S., when White Hispanic actors are given roles, they are usually cast as non-Hispanic Whites. Examples include such actors as Jose Ferrer, Benicio Del Toro, Frankie Muniz, Andy Garcia and Cameron Diaz.
Native-born white Hispanics often marry a non-Hispanic partner although 66% still marry a white Hispanic partner. Compared to 88% of foreign-born white Hispanic marriages are to a white Hispanic wife. White women of non-Hispanic origin are more likely to marry a Hispanic man of Some other race at 19%, than white Hispanic women with 2%.
According to race scholars such as Karen Brodkin, in the United States, essentially anyone of European descent is considered white and Jews are also considered white. However, while the census asserts that "race" and "ethnicity" are separate, some Hispanics of primarily European descent may not consider themselves white and may not be considered white by others, possibly because of the long-held stereotype of Hispanics being given a non-white racial value.
Likewise, while people of Middle Eastern and North African descent are included in the white category in the census, studies have found that Arab American teenagers may sometimes construct identities that distinguish themselves from "white society."
Some American white people, mainly those of distant descent from multiple European countries, tend to see themselves as belonging to no ethnic group at all, but just "American."
White American (often used interchangeably with "Caucasian American" and within the United States simply "white" ) is an umbrella term officially employed by the United States Census Bureau, Office of Management and Budget and other U.S. government for the classification of United States citizens or resident aliens "having origins in any of the original people of Europe, the Middle East, or North Africa". German Americans (16.5%), Irish Americans (11.9%), English Americans (9.0%), Italian Americans (5.8%), Polish Americans (3.3%), French Americans (3.1%), Scottish Americans (1.9%), Dutch Americans (1.6%), Norwegian Americans (1.5%), Swedish Americans (1.4%), Scotch-Irish Americans (1.2%), Russian Americans (1.0%), and Welsh Americans (0.7%) make up 58.9% of the "White" population.
Additionally, White Hispanics represent 9.62%, mainly Mexican Americans.
Whites constitute the majority of the US population with 75.05% of the population. Whites are regarded as the socially and demographically dominant racial group in the United States.
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Race/Ethnicity (2008) White-75.05%
I guess this includes all blacks IN AMERICA. African American -- 12.8%
Asian American - 4.5%
Native American and Alaska Native -1.0%
Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander -0.2%
Multiracial -1.7%
Hispanic (of any race)-15.4%
Many Americans who are treated as part of minority groups are included in the census category white. This is true for many Hispanic Americans, 47.9% of whom identified racially as white. The 2000 Census separated the question on Hispanics from the question on race, the latter being divided into the 5 categories of white, black or African American, American Indian and Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, Asian American, plus "other", with the respondent having the ability to mark more than one category.
It is also true for many Arab and other Middle Eastern Americans and North African Americans, as well as non-European Jewish Americans, since the 2000 Census conflates race and geographic/national origin: white is defined to include people with original origins in Europe, the Middle East and North Africa, or Asia.
[[Hispanic]]ity, which is independent of race, is the only ethnic category, as opposed to racial category, which is officially collated by the [[United States Census Bureau|U.S. Census Bureau]].
The distinction made by government agencies for those within the population of any official race category, including "white American", is between those with [[Hispanic]] [[ethnicity|ethnic]] backgrounds and all others of non-Hispanic ethnic backgrounds. In the case of White Americans, these two groups are respectively termed "White Hispanics" and "non-Hispanic Whites"; the former having at least one ancestor from the people of [[Spain]] or [[Hispanic America|Spanish-speaking Latin America]], and the latter consisting of an ethnically diverse collection of all others who are classified as white American who are of non-Hispanic ethnic backgrounds.
<ref>{{cite web |url=http://factfinder.census.gov/home/en/epss/glossary_h.html#hispanic_or_latino_origin |title=American FactFinder Help |accessdate=2008-11-11 |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]
|quote=Origin can be viewed as the heritage, nationality group, lineage, or country of birth of the person or the person's parents or ancestors before their arrival in the United States. People who identify their origin as Spanish, Hispanic, or Latino may be of any race.}}
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white in america. German Americans (16.5%), Irish Americans (11.9%), English Americans (9.0%), Italian Americans (5.8%), Polish Americans (3.3%), French Americans (3.1%), Scottish Americans (1.9%), Dutch Americans (1.6%), Norwegian Americans (1.5%), Swedish Americans (1.4%), Scotch-Irish Americans (1.2%), Russian Americans (1.0%), and Welsh Americans (0.7%) make up 58.9% of the White population.
White Hispanics make up 9.6% (mainly Mexican Americans) of the white population. Whites constitute the majority, with 80% (66% non-Hispanic Whites and nearly all 14% of Hispanic) or 75% (65.4% non-Hispanic and 9.6% Hispanic of the U.S. population.
Today, the term "white American" can encompass many different ethnic groups. Although the United States Census purports to reflect a social definition of race, the social dimensions of race are more complex than Census criteria. The term "White ethnic" is used to group White Americans that are not part of the "White Anglo-Saxon Protestant" sub-group. The 2000 U.S. census states that racial categories "generally reflect a social definition of race recognized in this country.
They do not conform to any biological, anthropological or genetic criteria."
The Census question on race lists the categories White, Black or African American, American Indian and Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, Asian, plus "Some other race", with the respondent having the ability to mark more than one category. The government defines White people as "people having origins in any of the original people of Europe, the Middle East, or North Africa.
In U.S. census documents, the designation white overlaps, as do all other official racial categories, with the term Hispanic or Latino, which was introduced in the 1980 census as a category of ethnicity, separate and independent of race. Hispanic and Latino Americans make up a racially diverse group, and as a whole are the largest minority in the country.
Whites (non-Hispanic and Hispanic) made up 79.8% or 75% of the American population in 2008. This number is sometimes recorded as 77.1% when it includes about 2% of the population who self-identified as "white" in combination with one or more other races.
The largest ethnic groups (by ancestry) among white Americans were Germans, followed by the Irish and the English. White Americans (again, non-Hispanic and Hispanic Whites) are projected to remain the majority, though with their percentage decreasing to 73% of the total population by 2050.
Admixture According to a recent study, about 30% of all White Americans, approximately 66 million people, have between 2 and 20% of African admixture, with an exact median of 2.3%. Some whites have varying amounts of Native American ancestry; this admixture is claimed by white celebrities such as Chuck Norris, Cher, Megan Fox, Johnny Depp, and Jessica Biel. British Prime Minister Winston Churchill's mother (Jennie Jerome) and singer Elvis Presley had partial Native American ancestry.
There are also some white people who are or were descendants of Pocahontas, including First Ladies Edith Wilson and Nancy Reagan, astronomer Percival Lowell, as well as Wallis, Duchess of Windsor, the wife of King Edward VIII of the United Kingdom.
In a recent study, Gonçalves et al. 2007 reported Sub-Saharan and Amerindian mtDna lineages at a frequency of 3.1% (respectively 0.90% and 2.2%) in White Americans of European descent.
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Black Hispanic and Latino Americans This article is about Black and sub-Saharan African descended people of Hispanics/Latino heritage living in, or native to, the United States. For African descent population of Latin America, see Afro-Latin American.
In the United States, a Black Hispanic or Afro American Hispanic (Spanish: Afrohispano, literally, "Afro Hispanic") is an American citizen or resident who is officially classified by the United States Census Bureau, Office of Management and Budget and other U.S. government agencies as a Black American of Hispanic descent. African American/Black American, itself an official U.S. racial category legally refers to people having "origins in any of the Black racial groups of Africa residing in the United States". For further discussion on the term African American, please see that article.
Hispanicity, which is independent of race, is the only ethnic category, as opposed to racial category, which is officially collated by the U.S. Census Bureau. The distinction made by government agencies for those within the population of any official race category, including "African American", is between those who report Hispanic backgrounds and all others who do not. In the case of African Americans/Black Americans, these two groups are respectively termed "Black Hispanics/Afro American Hispanics" and "non-Hispanic Black Americans/non-Hispanic Black Americans", the former being those who report Black African ethnicity as well as a Hispanic ancestral background (Spain and Hispanic Latin America), and the latter consisting of an ethnically diverse collection of all others who are classified as Black or African Americans that do not report Hispanic ethnic backgrounds.
For the remainder of this article, the term Black Hispanic will be employed solely and to the neglect of Afro American Hispanic.
Demographic information Black Hispanics account for 3.8% of the entire U.S. Hispanic population. Most Black Hispanics in the United States come from within the Dominican population. The next largest concentrations of Black Hispanics are found among the Puerto Rican, Cuban, and Panamanian communities.
The main aspects which distinguish Black Hispanics from African Americans is their Spanish-speaking language (their mother tongue or most recent ancestors native language), their Spanish cultural habits, and in most cases, their Spanish surnames. There is also increasing intermarriages and offspring between non-hispanic blacks and hispanics of any race. Especially between Puerto Ricans and American-born blacks. Which increases both the hispanic ethnic and black racial demographics.
Representation Black Hispanics are often overlooked in the U.S. mass media and in general American social perceptions, where being "Hispanic" is often incorrectly given a racial value.
Since the early days of the movie industry in the U.S., when Black Hispanic actors were given roles, they would usually be cast as African Americans (as in, black NON-Hispanic). For those with Spanish-speaking accents that betrayed an otherwise presumed non-Hispanic African American origin, they may seldom have been given roles as Hispanics.
Since the early days of the movie industry in the U.S., when Black Hispanic actors were given roles, they would usually be cast as African Americans (as in, black NON-Hispanic). For those with Spanish-speaking accents that betrayed an otherwise presumed non-Hispanic African American origin, they may seldom have been given roles as Hispanics.
Black Hispanic Culture
Although Black Hispanics are often overlooked or dichotomized as either "black" or "Hispanic", Black Hispanic writers often reflect upon their racialized experience in their works. The most commonly used term in literature to speak of this ambiguity and multilayered hybridity at the heart of Latino/a identity and culture is mestizaje[6]. This "mestizaje" depicts the multi-faceted racial and cultural identity that characterize Black Hispanics and highlights that each individual Black Hispanic has a unique experience within a broader racial and ethnic range . The memoirs, poetry, sociological research, and essays written by the following Afro-Latino writers reflect this concept of mestizaje in addition to revealing the confusion and uncertainty about one’s self-image of being both "Black" and "Hispanic". The psychological and social factors also prove to be central in determining how one ultimately defines him/herself.
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black american sub-groups. this is just info to know .
About 12.4% of the American people ( including about 885,000 Hispanic or Latino) are Black or African American.Also known more simply as Black Americans, the Black or African American group is the largest racial minority, as opposed to Hispanics and Latinos, who are the largest ethnic minority. Historically, any person with any sub-Saharan African ancestry, even if they were mostly white, were designated and classified as "Black", according to the "one drop rule". Today, racial categorization depends on self-ascription. Three major subgroups come under the rubric of Black American.
African Americans form the largest subgroup, and are primarily descendants of Africans who were enslaved in the U.S. between 1619 and the 1860s and were emancipated during the American Civil War in the 1860s. Due to this history, the origins of most African Americans are usually untraceable to specific African nations; Africa serves as the general indicator of geographic origin.
Historically, most African Americans lived in the Southeastern and South Central states of Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas. Since World War I there occurred the Great Migration of rural black Americans to the industrial Northeast, urban Midwest and, in a smaller wave, to the West Coast that lasted until 1960. However, since the 1980s, this migration from the South has reversed, with millions of African Americans, many well-educated, moving to growing metropolitan areas in that region. Today, most African Americans (56%) live in the Southern US and in urban areas, but are increasingly moving to the suburbs.
Starting in the 1970s, the black population has been bolstered by a growing West Indian American sub-group with origins in Jamaica, Haiti, Trinidad and Tobago, and Barbados, et al. This community was 2.5 million strong in 2008.
More recently, starting in the 1990s, there has been an influx of Sub-Saharan African immigrants to the United States, due to the instability in political and economic opportunities in various nations in Africa. They are outnumbered by their U.S-born descendants, and together they composed an estimated 2.9 million in 2008.
American immigrants from predominantly black nations in Africa and South America are generally healthier than black immigrants from predominantly white nations in Europe. A study conducted by Jen’nan Ghazal Read, a sociology professor at the UC Irvine and Michael O. Emerson, a sociology professor at Rice University, closely studied the health of more than 2,900 black immigrants from top regions of emigration: the West Indies, Africa, South America and Europe. Blacks born in Africa and South America have been shown to be healthier than American born Blacks.
The study was published in the September issue of Social Forces and is the first to look at the health of black immigrants by their region of origin. The study also showed that the advantage enjoyed by those black emigrants from predominantly non-white nations tended to erode the longer they remained with in the American social framework. The researchers believe this may be the result of being exposed to more stressful life events.
According to the 2000 U.S. Census, income levels among Africans are also typically higher than among Black Americans. This can be attributed to the higher education levels. However, the average salary for Africans is still lower than whites or Asians, even when factoring education, suggesting continued discrimination.
African immigrants tend to retain their culture once in the United States. Instead of abandoning their various traditions, they find ways to reproduce and reinvent themselves. Because of the extremely diverse nature of African ethnic groups, there is no single African immigrant identity. However, cultural bonds are cultivated through shared ethnic or national affiliations. Some organizations like the Ghanaian group Fantse-Kuo and the Sudanese Association organize by country, region, or ethnic group. Other not for profits like the Malawi Washington Association organize by national identity, and are inclusive of all Malawians. Other groups present traditional culture from a pan-African perspective. Using traditional skills and knowledge, African-born entrepreneurs develop services for immigrants and the community at large. In the Washington area, events such as the annual Ethiopian soccer tournament, institutions such as the AME Church African Liberation Ministry, and "friends" and "sister cities" organizations bring together different communities. The extent to which African immigrants engage in these activities naturally varies according to the population.
african american -2010 population - 37,164,000
sub saharan african immigrants 2008 population - 2.9 million
west indian immigrants - 2008 population - 2.5 million
black hispanics -885,000
overall black american population at least- 43,364,000
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