Journal of Human evolution (2000) 39, 269-288

By Ron Pinhasi and Patrick Semal

Springbok Flats, Kalomo, Kopje Enkel, Shum Laka, Fish Hoek, Ishango D, Gamble's Cave II, Fingira I, Chenchere II, Doondu Farm, Gwisho, Elmenteita- Naishi Valley, Wiley's Kopje, Makalia I, OH I, Nakuru IV, Bambandyanalo, Inyanga.

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Originally posted by Thought2:
"Brothwell (1963) proposed a model in which during the Upper Pleistocene a "proto-Khoisan Negro stock" was present in East africa. At the onset of the Holocene, the proto-Khoisan Negro stock became differentiated to proto-Negro and large proto-Khoisan varieties. The proto-Negro stock migrated west and the large proto-Khoisan varities migrated south..."

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Thought Writes:

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Originally posted by Thought2:
"Brothwell (1963) proposed a model in which during the Upper Pleistocene a "proto-Khoisan Negro stock" was present in East africa. At the onset of the Holocene, the proto-Khoisan Negro stock became differentiated to proto-Negro and large proto-Khoisan varieties. The proto-Negro stock migrated west and the large proto-Khoisan varities migrated south..."

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..basically restating a well established understanding of "Negro" presence not originating from West Africa, but from East Africa.

Bottom line: These are "indigenous" tropical Africans, removed from the later on cold-adapted derivatives in Europe.

Many if not most Africans combine features from all the archtypes above and likely always have.

And needless to say, none of these peoples are European or can be intelligently regarded as part of fake European racial misnomers such as the now defunct, "caucasian."

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Originally posted by rasol:
Elongated, broad, Khoisanoid and diminuative 'types' are of course all indigenous Black Africans, and they are all biologically related.

Many if not most Africans combine features from all the archtypes above and likely always have.

And needless to say, none of these peoples are European or can be intelligently regarded as part of fake European racial misnomers such as the now defunct, "caucasian."

Good post.

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I Agree.

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Originally posted by S.Mohammad:
As for Evil Euro calling a specimen with proto-Khoisan and Negroid morphology a "generalized modern", maybe he should check the Dama people of southern Africa, often called "black Bushmen". They combine both Negroid and Sanid features as well as DNA so are these people "generalized moderns"?

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The description of Nazlet Khater man is consistent with him being an undifferentiated pre-historic type, not a developed Negroid type:

"The Nazlet Khater 4 site (Nile Valley, Upper Egypt) is located on one of the small wadi- interfluves in the lower desert near the steep cliffs bordering the western Nile Valley edge (Fig. 1). We have previously reported the excavation of an early Upper Palaeolithic blade industry at this site, although blade industries in the Nile Valley had only been known to occur since 18,000 yr ago. The 1982 excavation reported here confirms that Nazlet Khater 4 is a chert mining site with a complex extraction strategy, going back 33,000 yr. A nearby grave contained a skeleton of a man in the extended position. We show that the cranial morphology is anatomically modern with archaic characteristics such as a very robust mandible. There is evidence that the skeleton has a similar age to that of the mining site."

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6427628&dopt=Abstract

But if you really want to consider him one of your "Black Africans", then keep this in mind:

"The earlier find was dubbed the 'Nazlet Khater man', and was reported to the scientific community in the journals Human Evolution and Nature in 1984. [...] A flint tool, which was laid carefully on the bottom of the grave, dates the burial as contemporaneous with a nearby flint quarry. The man seemed to have been worked to death in that quarry and may have represented, according to one interpretation, a very early record of slavery."

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Originally posted by Evil Euro:
The description of Nazlet Khater man is consistent with him being an undifferentiated pre-historic type, not a developed Negroid type:

"The Nazlet Khater 4 site (Nile Valley, Upper Egypt) is located on one of the small wadi- interfluves in the lower desert near the steep cliffs bordering the western Nile Valley edge (Fig. 1). We have previously reported the excavation of an early Upper Palaeolithic blade industry at this site, although blade industries in the Nile Valley had only been known to occur since 18,000 yr ago. The 1982 excavation reported here confirms that Nazlet Khater 4 is a chert mining site with a complex extraction strategy, going back 33,000 yr. A nearby grave contained a skeleton of a man in the extended position. [b]We show that the cranial morphology is anatomically modern with archaic characteristics such as a very robust mandible. There is evidence that the skeleton has a similar age to that of the mining site."

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6427628&dopt=Abstract

But if you really want to consider him one of your "Black Africans", then keep this in mind:

"The earlier find was dubbed the 'Nazlet Khater man', and was reported to the scientific community in the journals Human Evolution and Nature in 1984. [...] A flint tool, which was laid carefully on the bottom of the grave, dates the burial as contemporaneous with a nearby flint quarry. The man seemed to have been worked to death in that quarry and may have represented, according to one interpretation, a very early record of slavery."

http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2002/588/eg11.htm[/B]

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Yeah, 33,000 years ago there was slavery in Egypt , plus the study Thought posted PROCEDES that 1984 study 16 years, get real!!

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EuroDisney writes: The man seemed to have been worked to death in that quarry and may have represented, according to one interpretation, a very early record of slavery

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Originally posted by Evil Euro:
The description of Nazlet Khater man is consistent with him being an undifferentiated pre-historic type, not a developed Negroid type:

"The Nazlet Khater 4 site (Nile Valley, Upper Egypt) is located on one of the small wadi- interfluves in the lower desert near the steep cliffs bordering the western Nile Valley edge (Fig. 1). We have previously reported the excavation of an early Upper Palaeolithic blade industry at this site, although blade industries in the Nile Valley had only been known to occur since 18,000 yr ago. The 1982 excavation reported here confirms that Nazlet Khater 4 is a chert mining site with a complex extraction strategy, going back 33,000 yr. A nearby grave contained a skeleton of a man in the extended position. [b]We show that the cranial morphology is anatomically modern with archaic characteristics such as a very robust mandible. There is evidence that the skeleton has a similar age to that of the mining site."

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6427628&dopt=Abstract

But if you really want to consider him one of your "Black Africans", then keep this in mind:

"The earlier find was dubbed the 'Nazlet Khater man', and was reported to the scientific community in the journals Human Evolution and Nature in 1984. [...] A flint tool, which was laid carefully on the bottom of the grave, dates the burial as contemporaneous with a nearby flint quarry. The man seemed to have been worked to death in that quarry and may have represented, according to one interpretation, a very early record of slavery."

http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2002/588/eg11.htm[/B]

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This came from the same 1984 study in case you didn"t know Evil Euro.......

"Oldest human skeleton found in Egypt". Nazlet Khater man was the earliest modern human skeleton found near Luxor, in 1980. The remains was dated from between 35,000 and 30,000 years ago. The report regarding the racial affinity of this skeleton concludes: "Strong alveolar prognathism combined with fossa praenasalis in an African skull is suggestive of Negroid morphology [form & structure]. The radio-humeral index of Nazlet Khater is practically the same as the mean of Taforalt (76.6). According to Ferembach (1965) this value is near to the Negroid average." The burial was of a young man of 17-20 years old, whose skeleton lay in a 160cm- long narrow ditch aligned from east to west. A flint tool, which was laid carefully on the bottom of the grave, dates the burial as contemporaneous with a nearby flint quarry.

Thoma A., Morphology and affinities of the Nazlet Khater man, Journal of Human Evolution, vol 13, 1984.

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