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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Evergreen: [QB] [QUOTE]Originally posted by Mystery Solver: [qb] [QUOTE]Originally posted by Evergreen: [QUOTE]Originally posted by Charlie Bass: [QUOTE]Originally posted by Djehuti: ^ But is not E3a also found among the Lower Nile Valley populations of Sudan and Egypt? [/qb][/QUOTE]Yes, but in extremely low frequencies. [/QUOTE]Evergreen Writes: What study are you using as a basis to this claim? [/QUOTE]^A necessary question. Other studies like the following [a recap btw], have suggested otherwise, if we are to acknowledge IV as the haplotype associated with the M2 mutation: Of note are the frequencies of the aforementioned haplotypes; V, XI, and IV: Lower Egypt ([i]n[/i]=162); V=51.9%, XI=11.7%, and IV=1.2%. Upper Egypt ([i]n[/i]=66); V=24.2%, XI=28.8%, and IV=27.3%. Lower Nubia ([i]n[/i]=46); V=17.4%, XI=30.4%, and IV=39.1%. The primary haplotypes found in Europe, XII and XV, according to Keita, could have likely entered into the country via Greco-Roman invasions, are found in Lower Egypt at 3.7% and 6.8% respectively. Not surprising, the frequencies of these two are lower in Upper egypt, with XII not represented, while XV is at 6.1%. They are absent in Lower Nubia. These results are according to Lucotte and Mercier's findings, 2003 Details discussed here: http://thenile.phpbb-host.com/phpbb/ftopic152-15.php [/QB][/QUOTE]Evergreen Writes: Hence we see a smooth grade of haplogroup E3a spreading out of NE Africa during the Early Bronze Age. Syria = ~ 5% Palestine = ~ 10% Lower Egypt = ~ 2%** Upper Egypt = ~ 28% Lower Nubia = ~ 39% ** Lower Egypt may be an outlier due to the infiltration of large numbers of non-indigenous Africans post-Late Kingdom Dynastic era. Haplogroup E3a may have spread from the Central Sahara to the Nile Valley during the pre-early Neolithic phase. There is further evidence of the spread of Saharan cultural elements such as bi-facial arrowheads and pottery into the early neolithic Faiyum and southern Levant. Further itterations of immigration may have followed with the early Dynastic and Middle Bronze Age Egyptian colonial activity in "Canaan". West Africa and the Central Sahara in turn may be connected via the movement of early holocene, pottery and bi-facial arrowhead (Ounan points) using populations from West African regions such as Ounjougou Mali into the Central Sahara. Hence, West Africa is a likely population source of the early Holocene Central Sahara and by default early neolithic base population of ancient Egypt. Evergreen Posts: A Y-chromosome portrait of the population of Jerba (Tunisia) to elucidate its complex demographic history Manni et. Al. The Jewish population The genetic profile of the Jewish sample is related to populations in the Middle East where Hg E3a has its highest frequencies. Moreover, the Middle Eastern origin of the Jewish group is confirmed by preliminary results on Y-chromosome microsatellites of 15 individuals sampled in Tlamim; 13 of them carried for the Cohen Modal Haplotype (CMH). This haplotype is frequent in the Jewish diaspora and it has been suggested that it might be particularly frequent in families which trace patrilineal ancestry to the Jewish priesthood (Thomas et al. 2000). While the CMH is not specific of Jews, being widespread in several Middle Eastern populations (Brinkmann et al. 1999, Zoosman-Diskin 2000), such a datum seems to support two different scenarios for the Jewish colonization of Jerba: a) a founding group that migrated to Jerba in an early dispersal of Jewish population from the Middle East or b) a recent migration of families of ancient Jewish ancestry. The first scenario seems unrealistic because microsatellite markers are rapidly evolving, therefore we would expect more variable microsatellite haplotypes in the case of an ancient founding event, unless some bottlenecks occurred in the male lineage of Jerban Jews. [/QB][/QUOTE]
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