posted
Most researchers accept the contemporary meaning of Gardiner's N25 symbol as "Rulers of foreign lands" not Kush”. But this was not the first meaning assigned this sign. Breasted translated N25, as "Negroland".
If Gardiner's N25 symbol meant "Rulers of foreign lands" we would read the Weni inscription as the following “His majesty made war on the Asiatic Sand-dwellers and his majesty made an army of many ten thousands; in the entire South, southward to Elephantine, and northward to Aphroditopolis [Busiris]; in the Northland on both sides entire in the [stronghold], and in the midst of the [strongholds], among the Irthet Rulers of foreign lands , the Mazoi Rulers of foreign lands , the Yam Rulers of foreign lands , among the Wawat Rulers of foreign lands, among the Kau Rulers of foreign lands , and in the land of Temeh.”
Semantically reading N25 as "Rulers of foreign land" is unintelligent, for example “Wawat Rulers of foreign lands” , is incorrect, because Wawat was the name of a nation, not a king. As a result, ḫ3st, was used to identify the nationality of the Wawat, Kau and other Kushite = ḫ3st.
Thusly, the inscription of Weni reads: “His majesty made war on the Asiatic Sand-dwellers and his majesty made an army of many ten thousands; in the entire South, southward to Elephantine, and northward to Aphroditopolis [Busiris]; in the Northland on both sides entire in the [stronghold], and in the midst of the [strongholds], among the Irthet khas [Kusites], the Mazoi khas [Kushites], the Yam khas [Kushites], among the Wawat Khas [Kushites], among the Kau khas [Kushites], and in the land of Temeh.”
In summary meaning of ḫ3st (Khas) is Kushite). My interpretation of N25 ḫ3st, is supported by the Classical scholars, the inscriptions of Weni and Sahure, and the use of the term ḫ3st, on the Hyksos sealings and inscriptions generally.
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Eurocentrists attempt to limit the extent of the Kushite empire. The Weni inscription makes it clear that many states were inhabited ḫ3st, or Kushites.
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. The map above makes it appear that only Irthet was Kush, but the Weni inscriptions includes Wawat, Yam and Temeh as being inhabited by Kushite = ḫ3st.
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The inscription of Weni reads:
“His majesty made war on the Asiatic Sand-dwellers and his majesty made an army of many ten thousands; in the entire South, southward to Elephantine, and northward to Aphroditopolis [Busiris]; in the Northland on both sides entire in the [stronghold], and in the midst of the [strongholds], among the Irthet khas [Kusites], the Mazoi khas [Kushites], the Yam khas [Kushites], among the Wawat Khas [Kushites], among the Kau khas [Kushites], and in the land of Temeh.”
In the Weni inscription we can clearly see that Kushites were living in Upper and Lower Egypt. The final comment in the Weni inscription made it clear that ḫ3st (khas=Kushites) were also “in the land of Temeh”.
On this map, Temeh is situated to the south of Irthet, but in Egyptian Temeh, meant Lower Egypt.
The Egyptians made it clear that LOWER EGYPT was called : TAMEH , and UPPER EGYPT : TA SHEMA .
Because the ḫ3st (khas = Kushites), were living in Lower Egypt, when the Kings of Heqa ḫ3st took control of Egypt during the Hyksos period they were returning to the lands of their ancestors as Heqa ḫ3st (khas= Kushites) (Kings of the Kushites).
The khas [Kushites ] belonged to the C-Group people and lived in Upper and Lower Egypt between 3700-1300 BC and were called Tmhw (Temehus). The Temehus were organized into two groups: the Thnw (Tehenu) in the North and the Nhsj (Nehesy) in the South.
Sahure referred to the Tehenu leader as “Hati Tehenu”. The name Hati corresponds to the name Hatti - a tribe in Anatolia. However, the Hatti people often referred to themselves as Kashkas. Kashkas corresponds to ḫ3st (Khas), and the Hyksos were identifying their ethnic origins when they called themselves ḫ3st .
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quote:Originally posted by Clyde Winters: Most researchers accept the contemporary meaning of Gardiner's N25 symbol as "Rulers of foreign lands" not Kush”. But this was not the first meaning assigned this sign. Breasted translated N25, as "Negroland".
If Gardiner's N25 symbol meant "Rulers of foreign lands" we would read the Weni inscription as the following “His majesty made war on the Asiatic Sand-dwellers and his majesty made an army of many ten thousands; in the entire South, southward to Elephantine, and northward to Aphroditopolis [Busiris]; in the Northland on both sides entire in the [stronghold], and in the midst of the [strongholds], among the Irthet Rulers of foreign lands , the Mazoi Rulers of foreign lands , the Yam Rulers of foreign lands , among the Wawat Rulers of foreign lands, among the Kau Rulers of foreign lands , and in the land of Temeh.”
Semantically reading N25 as "Rulers of foreign land" is unintelligent, for example “Wawat Rulers of foreign lands” , is incorrect, because Wawat was the name of a nation, not a king. As a result, ḫ3st, was used to identify the nationality of the Wawat, Kau and other Kushite = ḫ3st.
Thusly, the inscription of Weni reads: “His majesty made war on the Asiatic Sand-dwellers and his majesty made an army of many ten thousands; in the entire South, southward to Elephantine, and northward to Aphroditopolis [Busiris]; in the Northland on both sides entire in the [stronghold], and in the midst of the [strongholds], among the Irthet khas [Kusites], the Mazoi khas [Kushites], the Yam khas [Kushites], among the Wawat Khas [Kushites], among the Kau khas [Kushites], and in the land of Temeh.”
In summary meaning of ḫ3st (Khas) is Kushite). My interpretation of N25 ḫ3st, is supported by the Classical scholars, the inscriptions of Weni and Sahure, and the use of the term ḫ3st, on the Hyksos sealings and inscriptions generally.
Hyksos were MIDDLE EASTERN CAUCASIANS and likely majority CANAANITES. Even the ancient Egyptians portrayed Canaanites as white!
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DNA was also taken from ancient Canaanites in Jericho which showed they carried Haplogroup J2 the very indigenous Haplogroup of the LEVANT.
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This result is a lie. According to Haber at al , 2 out of the 4 Sidon skeletons carried Y-chromosome J , i.e., J-P58 (J1a2b) and J-M12 (J2b), this indicates that only 25% carried J2, not 93%. Moreover, the majority om mtDNA of the Sidon skeleton was haplogroup H these are common haplogroups carried by Blacks in this region in ancient times.
This paper by Haber et al, is basically a lie. In the text of the article the authors claim that two of the Sidon skeletons carried Y-chromosome J, and only 1 skeleton carried J2, but in the supplemental figure for Y-Chromosomes for the Sidon skeletons the authors make it appear that 100% of the skeletons carried, y-chromosome J, when in reality only 50% carried this gene. The mtDNA with the highest frequency among the Sidon skeletons were haplogroups H (20%), K (20%) and R (20%). These haplogroups were common Blacks in Egypt and the Levant as illustrated by the Abusir mummies.
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Reference:
Haber, Marc et al.,Continuity and Admixture in the Last Five Millennia of Levantine History from Ancient Canaanite and Present-Day Lebanese Genome Sequences, The American Journal of Human Genetics , Volume 101 , Issue 2 , 274 - 282,
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quote:Originally posted by Clyde Winters: Most researchers accept the contemporary meaning of Gardiner's N25 symbol as "Rulers of foreign lands" not Kush”. But this was not the first meaning assigned this sign. Breasted translated N25, as "Negroland".
If Gardiner's N25 symbol meant "Rulers of foreign lands" we would read the Weni inscription as the following “His majesty made war on the Asiatic Sand-dwellers and his majesty made an army of many ten thousands; in the entire South, southward to Elephantine, and northward to Aphroditopolis [Busiris]; in the Northland on both sides entire in the [stronghold], and in the midst of the [strongholds], among the Irthet Rulers of foreign lands , the Mazoi Rulers of foreign lands , the Yam Rulers of foreign lands , among the Wawat Rulers of foreign lands, among the Kau Rulers of foreign lands , and in the land of Temeh.”
Semantically reading N25 as "Rulers of foreign land" is unintelligent, for example “Wawat Rulers of foreign lands” , is incorrect, because Wawat was the name of a nation, not a king. As a result, ḫ3st, was used to identify the nationality of the Wawat, Kau and other Kushite = ḫ3st.
Thusly, the inscription of Weni reads: “His majesty made war on the Asiatic Sand-dwellers and his majesty made an army of many ten thousands; in the entire South, southward to Elephantine, and northward to Aphroditopolis [Busiris]; in the Northland on both sides entire in the [stronghold], and in the midst of the [strongholds], among the Irthet khas [Kusites], the Mazoi khas [Kushites], the Yam khas [Kushites], among the Wawat Khas [Kushites], among the Kau khas [Kushites], and in the land of Temeh.”
In summary meaning of ḫ3st (Khas) is Kushite). My interpretation of N25 ḫ3st, is supported by the Classical scholars, the inscriptions of Weni and Sahure, and the use of the term ḫ3st, on the Hyksos sealings and inscriptions generally.
Hyksos were MIDDLE EASTERN CAUCASIANS and likely majority CANAANITES. Even the ancient Egyptians portrayed Canaanites as white!
Hyksos were not caucasian. They were Blacks.
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That is the Hyksos Sphinx.
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this is the actual wall: A group of Asiatic peoples (perhaps the future Hyksos) depicted entering Egypt c.1900 BC from the tomb of a 12th Dynasty official Khnumhotep II under pharaoh Senusret II at Beni Hasan.
-speculated to be the future Hyksos
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The Canaanites occupied Palestine before the Semitic expansion in the middle east. They were Hamitic people related to other Africans. But these Hamitic Africans later entered Africa as hyksos black Canaanites. Then Palestine was occupied by Semitic people when the Hamitic Canaanites left for Africa.
1st Chronicles 4:40
And they found fat pasture and good, and the land was wide, and quiet, and peaceable; for they of Ham had dwelt there of old.Posts: 306 | From: Kenya | Registered: Dec 2013
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The Canaanites were INDIGENOUS Middle Eastern Caucasians of the LEVANT carry Haplogroup J which is 48 000 years old and ORIGINATED in the Middle East.
HYKSOS were INDIGENOUS MIDDLE EASTERN CAUCASIANS.
There was NEVER EVER any Black African nation in the Mid East.
ANCIENT MIDDLE EASTERN PEOPLE = MODERN MID EAST PEOPLE carrying Haplogroup J as their main Haplogroup:
Modern Lebanese are 93% Canaanite in origin with NO black African DNA. Ancient Canaanites looked EXACTLY like modern Lebanese
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Eurocentrists have lighten the skin coloring of Egyptian murals to make it appear the Hyksos were “whites”. But these figures are fakes.
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. Look at how the artists made the noses of these figures pointed to make it appear they were Europeans. europeans have no shame in trying to steal the history of African people.
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Kushites
The Hyksos included both Kushites (Khasut) beardless, and Asians with beards.Below we have the original murals.
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So you can see from the above photos the Hyksos were dark skinned Africans not Caucasians.
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quote:Originally posted by Dinkum: ALL THE MTDNA at Abusir El Meleq was EURASIAN. The people Abusir El Meleq were related to MIDDLE EASTERN CAUCASIANS and EUROPEANS:
Laymen, when they read a so-called peer reviewed paper they accept what is written at face value without looking critically at the data and making their own interpretation.
First of all, Afro-American scholars have accepted that the Egyptians were Black/African people for the past 200 years, i.e., Carter G. Woodson, W.E.B. DuBois, and J.A. Rogers, and the Senegalese scholar Anta Diop.
But, Negro Apologist : Gates, Kittles and etc, spend their time parroting the status quo line that the Egyptians were a mixed race. This same group attempt to make it appear that the Fulani, Somalis and Ethiopians are black skinned whites, because of their facial features. This is stupid, because man originated in Africa, so the physical features of these populations are African features.
The article by Schuenemann et al, 2017 on the Abusir mummies is basically a discussion of the data that support a Greco-Roman origin for Egypt. But the data on the mummies dating between 992-749 BC, can offers us keen insight into haplogroups carried by Egyptians during this time.
The genomic data from this period is important because the people of Abusir at this time would have been primarily Egyptian. As a result, the mtDNA carried by the Egyptians confirms the reality that the so-called Eurasian haplogroups are nothing more than African haplogroups.
In Schuenemann et al, 2017, there were 100 mummies in the study. A total of 27 mummies were dated between 992-749BC. In Figure 1, you can see the clades carried by these Egyptians. Below are the frequencies of the haplogroups among Egyptians at this time:
Haplogroup Frequency U 18.5 T 22.2 J 18.5 X 0.0675 M1a 0.0675 H 0.0675 I 0.0675 HV 0.037 RO 0.037 K 0.037 N 0.037
The presence of these haplogroups among the Abusir population shows that the U,T, and J clades had a high frequency among the Egyptians, and that many of the so called Middle East clades were already present in Egypt before the Greco-Romans, Turks and etc. ruled Egypt.
In conclusion, the Abusir article provides more data on the African origin of Eurasian mtDNA. The J haplogroup is an African haplogroup--not caucasian.
See video:
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Reference:
Schuenemann et al., Ancient Egyptian mummy genomes suggest an increase of Sub-Saharan African ancestry in post-Roman periods, Nature Communications 8, Article number: 15694 (2017), doi:10.1038/ncomms15694
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you will notice by the cropping borders it's the exact same photo. The top one has been intentionally blurred and with enhanced contrast. Even with this photo the lighting is not ideal, it is quite dim
The description is of Asiatics not specifically Hyksos
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Tribute of Kushites, the tomb of Huy, ruler of Lower Nubia Kush under king Tutankhamun
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Tukuler
multidisciplinary Black Scholar
Member # 19944
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Of course Abisha, the leader of this group, is a heqa:khast (ruler:foreign). The text in front his face tells us so.
quote:Originally posted by Tukuler: Of course Abisha, the leader of this group, is a heqa:khast (ruler:foreign). The text in front his face tells us so.
LOL. you know that heqa is associated with Egyptian rulers. The term Wr, was used to refer to foriegn rulers. This just means that he was a Kushite
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Why are many Hyksos names derived from Western Semitic and Hurrian?
Why did the Hyksos get expelled from Egypt?
You have a video there with nearly no history of the Hyksos rule in Egypt.
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Tukuler
multidisciplinary Black Scholar
Member # 19944
posted
quote:Originally posted by Tukuler: Of course Abisha, the leader of this group, is a heqa:khast (ruler:foreign). The text in front his face tells us so.
The text above Sheikh(heqa:khast) Abisha's back says 37 Levantine(Aamw). It says they come to trade eye shadow.
The scribe holds a sheet. First it says Aamw have come. Then it say there's 37 of these Aamw. The scribe used a bound decapitated foreigner as the determinative for Aamw.
This scene uses Aamw in the plural three times. Heqa:khast a singular is used one time, only for the individual Abisha.
Abisha is even darker than the other Levantines. They all wear East Mediterranean style clothes. The men grow beards over their jaws and chin like the Shasu.
The tomb painting's from the 12th Dynasty (see the 12TH DYNASTY A 'NUBIAN' DYNASTY thread). The Hyksos(heqa:khaswt) dynasties are 400 years later.
quote:Originally posted by Tukuler: Of course Abisha, the leader of this group, is a heqa:khast (ruler:foreign). The text in front his face tells us so.
The text above Sheikh(heqa:khast) Abisha's back says 37 Levantine(Aamw). It says they come to trade eye shadow.
The scribe holds a sheet. First it says Aamw have come. Then it say there's 37 of these Aamw. The scribe used a bound decapitated foreigner as the determinative for Aamw.
This scene uses Aamw in the plural three times. Heqa:khast a singular is used one time, only for the individual Abisha.
Abisha is even darker than the other Levantines. They all wear East Mediterranean style clothes. The men grow beards over their jaws and chin like the Shasu.
The tomb painting's from the 12th Dynasty (see the 12TH DYNASTY A 'NUBIAN' DYNASTY thread). The Hyksos(heqa:khaswt) dynasties are 400 years later.
--- Is Shasu equal to khasw(t)? Might khast equal to 'individual of foreign caste'?
Tukuler
multidisciplinary Black Scholar
Member # 19944
posted
quote:Originally posted by DD'eDeN: Is Shasu equal to khasw(t)? Might khast equal to 'individual of foreign caste'?
Khast means hill country. Egypt is valley. So the idea of hill country meaning foreign land. Khast is singular. Khaswt is plural. There're more than a dozen different khast words applying the concept of foreign.
I can see a possibility the sha part of the name Abisha could refer to Sha su.
Shasu means Bedouin.
If Abisha isn't a Semitic name it could be Egyptic. heqa:khast ib sha could be sheikh hostile marshland since sha means marshland. A little more speculation can make sha an abbreviation for Shasu.
If so then heqa:khast ib sha simply means a beduin sheikh.
And what the tomb shows is 37 poor though well armed beduin and their humble sheikh getting permission to enter Egypt as an immigrant family of petty traders.
Khnumhotep's job included "receiving" border crossing desert wanderers so he put a scene of that in his very well illustrated tomb.
Why are many Hyksos names derived from Western Semitic and Hurrian?
Why did the Hyksos get expelled from Egypt?
You have a video there with nearly no history of the Hyksos rule in Egypt.
The Hurrians were Kushites. Not Semites
The Mitanni did not speak an Indo-European language. In Anantolia in addition to the Hatti, there were the Hurrians. The Hurrians enter Mesopotamia from the northeastern hilly area . They introduced horse-drawn war chariots to Mesopotamia .
Hurrians penetrate Mesopotamia and Syria-Palestine between 1700-1500 BC. The major Hurrian Kingdom was Mitanni, which was founded by Sudarna I (c.1550), was established at Washukanni on the Khabur River. The Hurrian capital was Urkesh, one of its earliest kings was called Tupkish.
Linguistic and historical evidence support the view that Dravidians influenced Mittanni and Lycia. (Winters 1989a) Alain Anselin is sure that Dravidian speaking peoples once inhabited the Aegean. For example Anselin (1982, pp.111-114) has discussed many Dravidian place names found in the Aegean Sea area.
Two major groups in ancient Anatolia were the Hurrians and Lycians. Although the Hurrians are considered to be Indo-European speakers, some Hurrians probably spoke a Dravidian language.
The Hurrians lived in Mittanni. Mittanni was situated on the great bend of the Upper Euphrates river. Hurrian was spoken in eastern Anatolia and North Syria.
Most of what we know about Hurrian comes from the Tel al-Armarna letters. These letters were written to the Egyptian pharaoh. These letters are important because they were written in a language different from diplomatic Babylonian.
The letters written in the unknown language were numbered 22 and 25. In 1909 Bork, in Mitteilungen der Vorderasiatische Gesellschaft, wrote a translation of the letters.
In 1930, G.W. Brown proposed that the words in letters 22 and 25 were Dravidian especially Tamil. Brown (1930), has shown that the vowels and consonants of Hurrian and Dravidian are analogous. In support of this theory Brown (1930) noted the following similarities between Dravidian and Hurrian: 1) presence of a fullness of forms employed by both languages; 2) presence of active and passive verbal forms are not distinguished; 3) presence of verbal forms that are formed by particles; 4) presence of true relative pronouns is not found in these languages; 5) both languages employ negative verbal forms; 6) identical use of -m, as nominative; 7) similar pronouns; and 8) similar ending formations:
Dravidian Hurrian a a -kku -ikka imbu impu
There are analogous Dravidian and Hurrian terms:
English Hurrian Dravidian mountain paba parampu lady,woman aallay ali King Sarr,zarr Ca, cira god en en give tan tara to rule irn ire father attai attan wife,woman asti atti
Some researchers have noted the presence of many Indo-Aryan words. In Hurrians. This has led some researchers to conclude that Indo –Europeans may have ruled the Hurrians. This results from the fact that the names of the Hurrian gods are similar to the Aryan gods:
There are other Hurrian and Sanskrit terms that appear to show a relationship:
English Hurrian Sanskrit Tamil One aika eka okka ‘together’ Three tera tri Five panza panca añcu Seven satta sapta Nine na nava onpatu
Other Hurrian terms relate to Indo-Aryan:
Enlglish Hurrian I-A Tamil Brown babru babhru pukar
Grey parita palita paraitu ‘old’
Reddish pinkara pingala puuval
English Mitanni Vedic Tamil
Warrior marya marya makan, maravan
Although researchers believe that the Hurrians-Mitanni were dominated by Indo-Aryans this is not supported by the evidence. Bjarte Kaldhol found that only 5 out of 500 Hurrian names were I-A sounding .
The linguistic evidence discussed above is consistent with the view that the only Indian elements in Anatolian culture were of Dravidian ,rather than Indo-Aryan origin. This evidence from Mittanni adds further confirmation to the findings of N. Lahovary in Dravidian Origins and the West, that prove the earlier presence of Dravidian speakers in Anatolia.
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Hyksos were expelled from Egypt because they were not Egyptians.
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You have a video there with nearly no history of the Hyksos rule in Egypt.
I talked about the most important King Apophis and his great contributions to Egyptian society in science and literature and the fact they acknowledged their Kushite origin
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Kamose, the last king of the Theban 17th Dynasty, refers to Apophis better known as Apepi as a "Chieftain of Retjenu" in a stela that implies a Canaanite background for this Hyksos king.
Retjenu/Retenu paying tribute in Rekhmire tomb depiction. Retjenu (rṯnw; Reṯenu, Retenu), was an Ancient Egyptian name for Canaan and Syria.
Syrians Bringing Horses, Tomb of Rekhmire, facsimile Nina de Garis Davies (1881–1965)
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I have presented abundant evidence in support of some of the Hyksos being Kushites. You have not falsified any of my claims. Researchers have made it clear that the Hyksos included many different nationalities. The hyksos according to John Bright, "A History of Israel". Westminster John Knox Press ( p.60 ); and Robert Drews, "The Coming of the Greeks: Indo-European Conquests in the Aegean and the Near East"( Princeton University Press [p.254] ) included Hurrians/Hattians, in addition to Canaanites. This means that the name Aamw, was a generic name for ‘Asians’, and did not denote a specific Asian tribe.
You don't know what you're talking about:the Hyksos were called heqa khasut see:The World in Ancient Times: The ancient Egyptian world, by Oup Book. , not Habiru or Shepherd Kings.
Stop making up stuff. The Hyksos ruled from 1650-1550. The New Kingdom lasted from 1549-1292. During the New Kingdom Egyptians used the name Aamw, as a generic name for the Asian, the term : Habiru, was ethnonym for one of the Asian tribes. It is clear that if the Habiru and Heqa Khasut were the same people, they would have had the same name given the fact the New Kingdom, began at the end of the Heqa Khasut Dynasty.
During the Fifth Dynasty of Egypt (2563-2423), namely during the reign of Sahure there is mention of the Tehenu people. Sahure referred to the Tehenu leader “Hati Tehenu” . These Hatiu, correspond to the Hatti speaking people of Anatolia. The Hatti/Hurrian people often referred to themselves as Kashkas or Kaskas.
This means that During the Old Kingdom the term heqa khasut, did not mean "ruler(s) of the foreign countries", as assumed by most Egyptologist. The term meaning of heqa khasut, was really "ruler(s) of the Kushites". If heqa khasut, meant "ruler(s) of the foreign countries", it would have been applied to every foreign country, but foreign kings were usually referrewd to as wr ‘King’, instead of heqa which was reserved for Egyptian rulers as noted by Camille DiBiase Dyson in, Foreigners and Egyptians in the Late Egyptian Stories (Boston,2013).
It does not matter if Kamose called the Hyksos Aamw, the Hyksos rulers referred to themselves as Heqa "ruler", i.e. Heqa Khasut, "Ruler of the Khasut/Kushites. In the Egyptian text from Avaris Kings like Apophis, made it clear that they were , "Rulers of Kushites.
Egyptian Khas corresponds to Kashkas or Kaska, the name for the Hattians. The Egyptian term Khasut has three different elements the ethononym Khas: Kas(ka)/Kush. Plus, the /-u/ which and the Egyptian plural marker, while the Egyptian /-t/ was a suffix that signified 'land, people'.
The Old Kingdom rulers of Egypt called the Kushites Heqa Khasut. Since the Hyksos were called Heqa Khasut, instead of Habiru, proves that they were given this title because they were Kushites like the Kushite people living at Kerma in Nubia. Finally stop making the false claim that there are no Egyptian text where the Hyksos called themselves Khas= Kushite. The Egyptian textual evidence include The primary evidence includes the Turin Royal Canon where the Hyksos were styled : heqa khasut, the same name they called the other Kushites in Nubia, during the Old Kingdom. During the New Kingdom, the Kushites were still being called Kash, the same name the Hattians called themselves:i.e., Kashka.
Tukuler Cite other text where this term was applied to other nations.
Stop lying . I will again present the primary contemporaneous AEL literature documentation, showing that the Hyksos called themselves: Khas which corresponds to Kash , the Egyptian name for Kush.
The first four rulers of the Hyksos called themselves heqa khasut on their seals and a monumental doorjamb from Avaris. This is primary contemporaneous AEL literature epigraphic documentation evidence indicating that they called themselves Khas.The Hyksos worshiped Ra.
Hyksos Kings were proud of their Kushite origin. in the Hyksos seals, the Kings wrote their names followed by the "Heqa Khasut", i.e. “King of the Kushites”. These sealings are primary contemporaneous AEL literature documentation ,indicating that the Hyksos used this name to illustrate their Kushite ancestry and relationship to the Nubian Kushites. See; A History of Ancient Egypt by Marc Van De Mieroop. ..
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The meaning of Khas, has to be Kush, because why would Hyksos kings refer to themselves as ‘foreign kings’, when they were native to the land they ruled.
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If the Hyksos were Kushite why use a lower Egyptian crown on that scarab when the earliest crowns south of Egypt resembled upper Egypt? How would they take Egypt from the delta, but not the south? To get to the Delta they'd have to break through Thebes.
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quote:Originally posted by Oshun: If the Hyksos were Kushite why use a lower Egyptian crown on that scarab when the earliest crowns south of Egypt resembled upper Egypt? How would they take Egypt from the delta, but not the south? To get to the Delta they'd have to break through Thebes.
Not really. The Kushites lived both in the south and Lower Egypt and the Levant. As a result, they did not have to take Thebes to rule.
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^ There are more than one of these Amenemhat III Sphinxes. I don't know why you are saying this Europeanized. .
^ this is the one you posted
The "Hyksos sphinxes" or "Tanite sphinxes" are a group of royal sphinxes depicting the pharaoh Amenemhat III (12th dynasty) with some unusual traits compared to conventional statuary, for example prominent cheekbones of the Amenemhat family and a thick mane instead of the traditional nemes headcloth. Seven of those sphinkes are known, all from in Tanis. The name Hyksos sphinxes was given due to their uncommon looks and to the fact that these were later repeatedly usurped even by some real hyksos king.
. Statue of Amenemhet III, 12th Dynasty, Luxor Museum, Egypt
King Taharqa
Posts: 42918 | From: , | Registered: Jan 2010
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quote:Originally posted by Clyde Winters: Researchers have made it clear that the Hyksos included many different nationalities.
Clarity needed, because you also posted this:
quote:Originally posted by Clyde Winters: During the New Kingdom Egyptians used the name Aamw, as a generic name for the Asian, the term : Habiru, was ethnonym for one of the Asian tribes. It is clear that if the Habiru and Heqa Khasut were the same people, they would have had the same name given the fact the New Kingdom, began at the end of the Heqa Khasut Dynasty.
Why would they have to be referred to as Heqa Khasut during the New Kingdom when they were no longer rulers of Egypt? It didn't refer to a single ethnicity for it to transcend political status. As you said the researchers are claiming them to be of different nationalities, so why would that matter?
quote:Originally posted by Clyde Winters: This means that During the Old Kingdom the term heqa khasut, did not mean "ruler(s) of the foreign countries", as assumed by most Egyptologist. The term meaning of heqa khasut, was really "ruler(s) of the Kushites". If heqa khasut, meant "ruler(s) of the foreign countries", it would have been applied to every foreign country, but foreign kings were usually referrewd to as wr ‘King’, instead of heqa which was reserved for Egyptian rulers as noted by Camille DiBiase Dyson in, Foreigners and Egyptians in the Late Egyptian Stories (Boston,2013).
But they were Egyptian rulers, that's why it's called an intermediate period. Taking your assumption to be right, why would every king be referred to with "heqa" if every king wasn't a ruler of Egypt? Also: The Asiatic migrants had been living there for half a millennia and weaved themselves into the politics of lower Egypt. They'd been living alongside and mingling with the people of the Delta long before they took control, and the Lower Egyptians didn't really put up much of a fight when they eventually did take political control.
quote:It does not matter if Kamose called the Hyksos Aamw, the Hyksos rulers referred to themselves as Heqa "ruler", i.e. Heqa Khasut, "Ruler of the Khasut/Kushites. In the Egyptian text from Avaris Kings like Apophis, made it clear that they were , "Rulers of Kushites.
The fact that these rulers weren't of a single ethnicity makes it dubious that they were all Kushites, even if believe they were "Rulers of Kushites." And if they had Thebes surrounded by the north and the south why not just take it over so that they don't have to move through another kingdom to have contact with or do trade with their own people?
quote:Egyptian Khas corresponds to Kashkas or Kaska, the name for the Hattians. The Egyptian term Khasut has three different elements the ethononym Khas: Kas(ka)/Kush. Plus, the /-u/ which and the Egyptian plural marker, while the Egyptian /-t/ was a suffix that signified 'land, people'.
The Old Kingdom rulers of Egypt called the Kushites Heqa Khasut. Since the Hyksos were called Heqa Khasut, instead of Habiru, proves that they were given this title because they were Kushites like the Kushite people living at Kerma in Nubia.
They're all Kushites but lack a single ethnic identity?
quote: The meaning of Khas, has to be Kush, because why would Hyksos kings refer to themselves as ‘foreign kings’, when they were native to the land they ruled.
Because they were not ruling lands strictly outside of Egypt, but Egypt itself? Because many of them and their families had been living there for over half a millennia? Do Europeans still call themselves settlers of the Americas? They call themselves "Americans" or "Canadians." They may refer to "Native Americans" to suggest who came first, but they don't see themselves as foreigners after being in the Americas as long as they have.
... And Kush isn't Egypt either.
Posts: 2508 | From: . | Registered: Nov 2011
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quote:Originally posted by Dinkum: HYKSOS WERE WHITE CANAANITES and the descendants of the Canaanites are STILL WHITE.
The Lebanese are 93% CANAANITE carrying overwhelmingly CANAANITE DNA.
ANCIENT CANAANITE DNA TAKEN AT JERICHO shows the ancient CANAANITES carried Haplogroup J2. They resembled the indigenous white people of the Levant!
No wonder Afrocentrics never like DNA. It always debunks their nonsense.
"HYKSOS WERE WHITE CANAANITE"
Stop pinking nasty stuff from your behind and try to validate it as evidence.
"'The Phoenician civilization flourished along the eastern coastlines of the Mediterranean Sea (the present-day coasts of Syria, Lebanon, and northern Israel) from approximately 2000 BC to 500 BC
”The Phoenicians likely referred to themselves as Canaanites.”
The ancient Greeks were the originators of the term “Phoenicia,” which derives from an ancient Greek word (phoinikes) for the color purple."
John Welsh (Harvard University) interviews Raymond Jonas (University of Washington) about his book "The Battle of Adwa: African Victory in the Age of Empire" (Harvard University Press).
--Donald B Redford’s book : “Egypt, Canaan and Israel in Ancient Times Donald B. Redford”, page 200
Posts: 22234 | From: האם אינכם כילדי הכרית אלי בני ישראל | Registered: Nov 2010
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Canaanite prisoners led away in manacles. Bas relief from the tomb of the ViceroyBiban al Muluk (1350-1315 BCE)
Rijksmuseum van Oudheden,Egyptian Collection, Leiden, Netherlands
Canaanite/Phoenician
Paleo- anthropological studies indicate that the twin urns contain the cremated remains of the same individual. One of the urns contains the ashes of the deceased; in the other, the deceased’s blackened bones are mixed with his or her personal possessions. It is therefore obvious that, once the funeral pyre was extinguished and the cremation of the deceased concluded, a careful sifting of the remains took place in order to separate the ashes from the bones. The third type of burial consists of large groupings of urns found superimposed or leaning against each other, thus forming a horizontal development of the burial space. In almost every case, these clusters consist of several double-urn graves (fig. 8).
quote:Originally posted by the lioness,: Kamose, the last king of the Theban 17th Dynasty, refers to Apophis better known as Apepi as a "Chieftain of Retjenu" in a stela that implies a Canaanite background for this Hyksos king.
Retjenu/Retenu paying tribute in Rekhmire tomb depiction. Retjenu (rṯnw; Reṯenu, Retenu), was an Ancient Egyptian name for Canaan and Syria.
Syrians Bringing Horses, Tomb of Rekhmire, facsimile Nina de Garis Davies (1881–1965)
For some reason the original tomb depiction has dark skinned figures, while the reconstruction has light / pale figures. Why is that? I assume it was a mistake by accident.
Posts: 22234 | From: האם אינכם כילדי הכרית אלי בני ישראל | Registered: Nov 2010
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posted
Can you prove that was the Hyksos the builder of the City of Kerma???? Actually, Kerma is the oldest city in the world. But, still...Europeans and Americans archeologists always place it behind Egypt, and Sumeria.
-------------------- ---lnnnnn* Posts: 198 | From: USA | Registered: Aug 2014
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quote:Originally posted by the lioness,: Kamose, the last king of the Theban 17th Dynasty, refers to Apophis better known as Apepi as a "Chieftain of Retjenu" in a stela that implies a Canaanite background for this Hyksos king.
Retjenu/Retenu paying tribute in Rekhmire tomb depiction. Retjenu (rṯnw; Reṯenu, Retenu), was an Ancient Egyptian name for Canaan and Syria.
Syrians Bringing Horses, Tomb of Rekhmire, facsimile Nina de Garis Davies (1881–1965)
For some reason the original tomb depiction has dark skinned figures, while the reconstruction has light / pale figures. Why is that? I assume it was a mistake by accident.
The photo is under dim lighting.
quote:Originally posted by Ish Gebor: [QB] The light effect makes the image considerable different.
UBBFriend: Email this page to someone!
. 
, "Rulers of Kushites.
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