It seems like every forum that I step into some Afro-nut feels that they must spout their ignorant bullshit. I was just recently about to sign up for the Historum forum when some raving nut was bitching about a black African Egypt. Fucking disgusting! Then the fucker throws a temper tantrum because the moderators made the right decision by putting his bullshit in the fake history sub forum LOL. If no one will accept your bullshit then why even fucking bother.
Posted by Confirming Truth (Member # 17678) on :
LOL!! Afronuts are crying out to the world in hopes someone will give ear to their self-hating madness.
Posted by White Nord (Member # 14093) on :
lol exactly they need to just drop their lies and go out and get real jobs!
Posted by Perahu (Member # 18548) on :
They are losers. Low self-esteem niggers.
Posted by Calabooz' (Member # 18238) on :
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
That will not be forgotten
Posted by Calabooz' (Member # 18238) on :
Even though he is correct, there is no need for him to post the same stuff on every single forum out there (indeed, this individual has been on numerois forums with the same information). Even ones that have nothing to do with bio-anthropology, no surprise he got so many ignorant responses.
Posted by rahotep101 (Member # 18764) on :
Really, I got so sick of all the stupid 'Egypt was black' comments on everything on youtube to do with Egypt that I started making videos arguing against this. I imagine it must be annoying for actual Egyptians to have people in other countries (mostly the US, it must be said) whose ancestors ostensibly had no connection to Egypt, posing as though they had more right to Egypt's legacy than actual Egyptians. Some of them are very rude and abusive about it, too, these Afrocentrists. They've convinced themselves that modern Egyptians are in league with the white man's propaganda machine.
Posted by Mike111 (Member # 9361) on :
Birds of a feather flock together, because their tender pink asses can't handle it with others. That is what is called "making the world safe for the white man".
Posted by rahotep101 (Member # 18764) on :
Hey Mike, how's that Sistine Chapel ceiling coming along? You missed a bit...
Posted by Confirming Truth (Member # 17678) on :
^Excuse him, rahotep. Mike has cataracts.
Posted by Mike111 (Member # 9361) on :
Posted by Brada-Anansi (Member # 16371) on :
Rahotp
quote:Really, I got so sick of all the stupid 'Egypt was black' comments on everything on youtube to do with Egypt that I started making videos arguing against this. I imagine it must be annoying for actual Egyptians to have people in other countries (mostly the US, it must be said) whose ancestors ostensibly had no connection to Egypt, posing as though they had more right to Egypt's legacy than actual Egyptians. Some of them are very rude and abusive about it, too, these Afrocentrists. They've convinced themselves that modern Egyptians are in league with the white man's propaganda machine.
Take em to school Brada. Jahmekya Soldier taking the racists to task.
Love that video with Arabi.
Peace
Posted by Djehuti (Member # 6698) on :
*yawn*
Another retarded thread that is self-therapeutic psychological projection by a Euronut.
If the concept of ancient Egypt being black African is such "bullsh|t" then why have any of you jerk-offs been unable to refute it??
We've posted countless studies from mainstream scholars from archaeologists, linguistics, and physical anthropologists and geneticists alike.
You can see a summary of the evidence here and yet not any piece fails to be refuted. Why is that??
Can any White Nerds and Confirmed Nuts and others usurping African names refute any of these tidbits alone?
Abbas S. Mohammed-Ali1, and Abdel-Rahim M. Khabir African Archaeological Review, Vol. 20, No. 1, March 2003 From the chronological standpoint, it seems that the overall radiometric dates of the early ceramics from the Central Nile Valley are generally in accordance with their counterpart in the Sahara-Sahel Belt, dated to the tenth–eighth millennium bp. (eighth–sixth millenium BC). These dates may suggest that pottery developed locally from early prototypes as early as 10,000 bp. The origin(s) of the wavy line and dotted wavy line ceramics is much more complex than was once thought. The reason(s) behind the invention of pottery lies mainly in the need for containers that permit wider uses of food techniques than is otherwise possible, as well as other different sets of advantages for the general mode of living (Arnold, 1985, pp. 127–166). The invention of pottery and harpoons are critical events in the process that led to the expansion of aquatic resource exploitation, as is manifested in the Nile Valley (see supra; Haaland, 1995; Sutton, 1974, pp. 529–531). Also, the Sahara-Sahel Belt might have only opened up for the kind of resource exploitation that necessitates the invention of ceramics by the early Holocene (see Clark, 1980; Hassan, 1986).
The period when sub-Saharan Africa was most influential in Egypt was a time when neither Egypt, as we understand it culturally, nor the Sahara, as we understand it geographically, existed. Populations and cultures now found south of the desert roamed far to the north. The culture of Upper Egypt, which became dynastic Egyptian civilization, could fairly be called a Sudanese transplant. Egypt rapidly found a method of disciplining the river, the land, and the people to transform the country into a titanic garden. Egypt rapidly developed detailed cultural forms that dwarfed its forebears in urbanity and elaboration. Thus, when new details arrived, they were rapidly adapted to the vast cultural superstructure already present. On the other hand, pharaonic culture was so bound to its place near the Nile that its huge, interlocked religious, administrative, and formal structures could not be readily transferred to relatively mobile cultures of the desert, savanna, and forest. The influence of the mature pharaonic civilizations of Egypt and Kush was almost confined to their sophisticated trade goods and some significant elements of technology. Nevertheless, the religious substratum of Egypt and Kush was so similar to that of many cultures in southern Sudan today that it remains possible that fundamental elements derived from the two high cultures to the north live on.--Joseph O. Vogel (1997)
On this basis, many have postulated that the Badarians are relatives to South African populations (Morant, 1935 G. Morant, A study of predynastic Egyptian skulls from Badari based on measurements taken by Miss BN Stoessiger and Professor DE Derry, Biometrika 27 (1935), pp. 293–309.Morant, 1935; Mukherjee et al., 1955; Irish and Konigsberg, 2007). The archaeological evidence points to this relationship as well. (Hassan, 1986) and (Hassan, 1988) noted similarities between Badarian pottery and the Neolithic Khartoum type, indicating an archaeological affinity among Badarians and Africans from more southern regions. Furthermore, like the Badarians, Naqada has also been classified with other African groups, namely the Teita (Crichton, 1996; Keita, 1990).-- Godde (2009)
"During an excavation headed by the German Institute for Archaeology, Cairo, at the tombs of the nobles in Thebes-West, Upper Egypt, three types of tissues from different mummies were sampled to compare 13 well known rehydration methods for mummified tissue with three newly developed methods. .. Skin sections showed particularly good tissue preservation, although cellular outlines were never distinct. Although much of the epidermis had already separated from the dermis, the remaining epidermis often was preserved well (Fig. 1). The basal epithelial cells were packed with melanin as expected for specimens of Negroid origin." --(A-M Mekota and M Vermehren. (2005) Determination of optimal rehydration, fixation and staining methods for histological and immunohistochemical analysis of mummified soft tissues. Biotechnic & Histochemistry 2005, Vol. 80, No. 1, Pages 7-13
Posted by White Nord (Member # 14093) on :
To add insult to injury the Afrocentric on historum just got refuted using one of those same fucking sources from that Afrocentric database. This seems to happen everytime Afrocentric ventures out of Egyptsearch and post around logical and sound minded people. Just goes to show that they are truely clowns.
Posted by Calabooz' (Member # 18238) on :
^Which source refuted which claim?
Posted by Just call me Jari (Member # 14451) on :
"Venture out of Egyptsearch"
Bitch if you can debunk us outside Egyptsearch you can debunk us here. Your ass gets shut down by Zarahan et al. everythime you try to post your B.S which is why you resorted to whining about "Afrocentrics" instead of trying to debate.
Honestly why are people even giving this clown any attention..??
Posted by Calabooz' (Member # 18238) on :
Oh... after skimming the the thread I found out what you mean. The guy who responded to LouisVille/TheInventor poster really is clueless. Obviously he has no idea how to interpret the results of Rosa et al. study. He used cherry picked quotes that have nothing to do with Northeast Africans. I mean, wtf do northwest Berbers have to do with Egyptians?! Especially when Siwa (Egyptian) Berbers are differentiated from northwest Berbers THEY HAVE NO U6! But the best part is that they DO have M1 suggesting an affinity to East Africans. Furthermore, if I recall correctly, the Egyptians from Rosa et al. chart cluster with East Africans based on E1b1b1. The overall significance of this is that both M1 AND E1b1b1 originate in sub-Saharan East Africa and they indicate a major population source for the Nile Valley. To make matters worse, if you people actually read the study of Rosa et al. you would see that she goes on to mention a little thing called common origin
Then this guy posts a quote that West Africans have experience little gene flow from North and East Africa, SO WHAT? That doesn't mean East and North Africa didn't experience gene flow from west Africa and they did as signified by the presence of E-M2 in north Africa reaching 90% in some studies (see the discussion in Keita, 2005). I mean really...
Posted by Just call me Jari (Member # 14451) on :
I like how the biggest Sh@t talkers on this site are the most debunked.
Rahotep I can't even count how many studies and evidence has debunked your rants, from your constant psycobabble about the Egyptians being the same as the ancients to your ducking and dodging the Rual Upper Egyptian and pretending that the Delta and Ciarian Egyptians are some how unmixed but the Upper Egyptians are darker because of slaves.
Your Now and Later ass Corner store Videos are a joke to say the least. You stay willfully ignorant ignoring every beatdown.
White Nord, its rather funny a White High I.Q European such as yourself so obssed all these years with Egypt. Whats wrong boy your White Boy ancestors could'nt create anything as sophisticated as Egypt which is why you spend so much time trying to claim Ethiopians and others as part of your so called race only to get your ass smacked down and catching Ghost for 5-6 months only to come back bitching and whining about Afrocentrics.
Parahue bitch I don't even need to waste my time posting on you, with your House servant ass. Bitch go pray at your mosque and read your Koran, you're a joke kid.
Now and later ass. LOL
Posted by Perahu (Member # 18548) on :
quote:Originally posted by Djehuti:
I don't see anything particularly Negroid about this man's facial features. Look at his high-rooted long nose. A classical Caucasoid feature.
You need to be reminded how Negroids look like:
Posted by astenb (Member # 14524) on :
quote:Originally posted by Perahu:
quote:Originally posted by Djehuti:
I don't see anything particularly Negroid about this man's facial features. Look at his high-rooted long nose. A classical Caucasoid feature.
You need to be reminded how Negroids look like:
Interestingly they both have the same skin tone. Now show a group of Modern Egyptians with that skin tone that are not what we call a "Black People"
Posted by TruthAndRights (Member # 17346) on :
quote:Originally posted by Just call me Jari: I like how the biggest Sh@t talkers on this site are the most debunked.
Rahotep I can't even count how many studies and evidence has debunked your rants, from your constant psycobabble about the Egyptians being the same as the ancients to your ducking and dodging the Rual Upper Egyptian and pretending that the Delta and Ciarian Egyptians are some how unmixed but the Upper Egyptians are darker because of slaves.
Your Now and Later ass Corner store Videos are a joke to say the least. You stay willfully ignorant ignoring every beatdown.
White Nord, its rather funny a White High I.Q European such as yourself so obssed all these years with Egypt. Whats wrong boy your White Boy ancestors could'nt create anything as sophisticated as Egypt which is why you spend so much time trying to claim Ethiopians and others as part of your so called race only to get your ass smacked down and catching Ghost for 5-6 months only to come back bitching and whining about Afrocentrics.
Parahue bitch I don't even need to waste my time posting on you, with your House servant ass. Bitch go pray at your mosque and read your Koran, you're a joke kid.
Now and later ass. LOL
quote:...you spend so much time trying to claim Ethiopians and others as part of your so called race...
Greetings.
What is so sad and hilarious about that is this: they claim them as part of their race, but at the same time, where would those same Ethiopians have been forced to sit on a bus in 1950s U.S.; I am quite sure those same Ethiopians they claim as part of their race would NOT have been allowed to drink outta 'whites only' water fountains here in the U.S. nor be served at Southern lunch counters during that same time period, and we know what would've happened if one of those same Ethiopian men they claim as part of their race had kissed a 'white' gyal in the middle of a main street of any Whitesville at high noon....
by these same 'white' supremists who claim Ethiopians and these others are a part of their 'race'....
they ('White' People) change the definition of 'race' to suit their needs....and the historical facts of immigration in this country are but one example of that...lol...
KMRT....
Posted by rahotep101 (Member # 18764) on :
Afrocentric spam recipe: trawl through google until you find a few black-looking ancient Egyptians and ignore all the other images. Crop out any light coloured females, pretend symbolically jet-black gods are black people, serve with whining.
Posted by rahotep101 (Member # 18764) on :
quote:Originally posted by astenb:
quote:Originally posted by Perahu:
quote:Originally posted by Djehuti:
I don't see anything particularly Negroid about this man's facial features. Look at his high-rooted long nose. A classical Caucasoid feature.
You need to be reminded how Negroids look like:
Interestingly they both have the same skin tone. Now show a group of Modern Egyptians with that skin tone that are not what we call a "Black People"
They don't have the skin tone, the ancient Egyptian has a red-brown skin tone, the negro has a dark dull brown colour. And these are the darkest Egyptian images you can find, after a deliberately selective trawl. Pathetic! It couldn't be easier to find modern Egyptians the same colour as the ancients who are clearly not negro people. Negrocentrists who want to claim Egypt are just self-hating inadequates who are embarrassed by their own ancestry and who want to steal someone else's in order to have a bit of glory and glamour. Arrogant snobs and deniers of truth. They are an insult to their own race and to humanity in general.
Posted by Calabooz' (Member # 18238) on :
^What a clown you are.
Posted by Perahu (Member # 18548) on :
quote:Originally posted by astenb: Interestingly they both have the same skin tone. Now show a group of Modern Egyptians with that skin tone that are not what we call a "Black People"
You seem fixated on skin tone, besides they don't even have the same skin tone (one is reddish-brown the other blackish-brown). An Irishman and a Japanese can have the same skin tone, yet be vastly different genetically and craniometrically. Anyways, the Ancient Egyptian man has completely different facial characteristics from the Negress.
Posted by Perahu (Member # 18548) on :
quote:Originally posted by rahotep101: Negrocentrists who want to claim Egypt are just self-hating inadequates who are embarrassed by their own ancestry and who want to steal someone else's in order to have a bit of glory and glamour. Arrogant snobs and deniers of truth. They are an insult to their own race and to humanity in general.
Well said.
Posted by rahotep101 (Member # 18764) on :
Truth hurt, Calabozo?
Posted by ausar (Member # 1797) on :
I also notice a tendency for adherents of stromfront to contaminate various message boards,urban dictionary and wikipedia with assorted writings from March of the Titans. Its very annoying when stromfront posters and other racialists want to turn ancient Egypt into apartheid southern Africa.
I have to hand it to them Kempians they are different more covert with their profaganda than many Afrocentrists.
Posted by Just call me Jari (Member # 14451) on :
What a F-king hypocrite. Was is not your English Muffin Grey Puppon ass that came here talking about the Upper Egyptians were darkened by slaves. When have you ever made one of your corner store collages and corner store videos giving the black Egyptians credit for Egypt. Not one denies the light skinned Egyptians are decendants of the Ancient, but in Ancient Times the dominant phenotype is what is found in Luxor, Aswan, Kom Ombos etc.
You Hypocritical moaning and whining wont change the facts.
quote:Originally posted by rahotep101: Afrocentric spam recipe: trawl through google until you find a few black-looking ancient Egyptians and ignore all the other images. Crop out any light coloured females, pretend symbolically jet-black gods are black people, serve with whining.
Posted by Just call me Jari (Member # 14451) on :
This is probably the best image you have ever posted, good work Watson, finally starting to post Dark Skinned Egyptians..
More Representation of Egyptian Reddish Brown
quote:Originally posted by rahotep101:
[/QB]
Posted by rahotep101 (Member # 18764) on :
I'm not particularly familiar with stormfront. I've no time for white supremacism. The irony is most of these white-nationalist twits think Hitler was something good, when actually his madness unleashed one of the greatest slaughters of whites that there's ever been.
Technically, I'm a cultural nationalist. I don't care what colour someone is as long as they conform to the prevailing values of the society they find themselves among. (I suspect a similar attitude prevailed in Ancient Egypt, as they were more concerned with culture than race). I don't care if people want to marry outside their race. Racial purity is bullshit. I have black members of my own extended family.
I don't care about being called 'racist' by black-supremacist retards who think blacks can't be racist, or who seem to equate racism with denying the blackness of Egypt. The term is devalued to the point of meaninglessness when they use it. It only insults all those who who have been the victims of real racial discrimination.
Posted by rahotep101 (Member # 18764) on :
The fact remains that dark Egyptians are more closely related to light Egyptians than to sub-saharan Africans, or to anyone else.
Posted by Perahu (Member # 18548) on :
quote:Originally posted by rahotep101: The fact remains that dark Egyptians are more closely related to light Egyptians than to sub-saharan Africans, or to anyone else.
They will never understand this simple fact.
Posted by Just call me Jari (Member # 14451) on :
^^^^ Ok so please post when any of us have said the Dark Egyptians are more related to "Sub Sahrans" over the Light Egyptians. The makes no sense,
The Nubians are the closest culturally and ethnically to Egyptians but I dont see you giving them any credit.
The fact is that the Dark Egyptians get ZERO credit for Ancient Egypt, when in fact looking at Royal Tombs and Art and Sculpture, genetics, etc. they played a vital Role. The only time Ive seen Dark Egyptians get their due respect was on "Engineering an Empire", "Rome", and "Prince of Egypt".
If you really cared about the denial of Modern Egyptians their culture you would be more upset at the denial of Dark Egyptian rather than your usual atempts to uplift the Delata Egyptians. If you really cared you would at lease make some attempt to give the Black egyptians credit.
Posted by Djehuti (Member # 6698) on :
quote:Originally posted by White Nerd: To add insult to injury the Afrocentric on historum just got refuted using one of those same fucking sources from that Afrocentric database. This seems to happen everytime Afrocentric ventures out of Egyptsearch and post around logical and sound minded people. Just goes to show that they are truely clowns.
I find this hard to believe.
quote:Originally posted by Calabooz': Oh... after skimming the the thread I found out what you mean. The guy who responded to LouisVille/TheInventor poster really is clueless. Obviously he has no idea how to interpret the results of Rosa et al. study. He used cherry picked quotes that have nothing to do with Northeast Africans. I mean, wtf do northwest Berbers have to do with Egyptians?! Especially when Siwa (Egyptian) Berbers are differentiated from northwest Berbers THEY HAVE NO U6! But the best part is that they DO have M1 suggesting an affinity to East Africans. Furthermore, if I recall correctly, the Egyptians from Rosa et al. chart cluster with East Africans based on E1b1b1. The overall significance of this is that both M1 AND E1b1b1 originate in sub-Saharan East Africa and they indicate a major population source for the Nile Valley. To make matters worse, if you people actually read the study of Rosa et al. you would see that she goes on to mention a little thing called common origin
Then this guy posts a quote that West Africans have experience little gene flow from North and East Africa, SO WHAT? That doesn't mean East and North Africa didn't experience gene flow from west Africa and they did as signified by the presence of E-M2 in north Africa reaching 90% in some studies (see the discussion in Keita, 2005). I mean really...
Nevermind! LOL Posted by Calabooz' (Member # 18238) on :
quote:Truth hurt, Calabozo?
LOL!! Don't take my reluctance to respond to your BS as an inability to do so. You have repeated the same stuff since you got here and have proven that you cannot comprehend all of the studies that show Ancient Egyptians to cluster away from modern Egyptians. Then you don't even know what a pooled sample is and what it does LOL!!
quote:The fact remains that dark Egyptians are more closely related to light Egyptians than to sub-saharan Africans, or to anyone else.
Not true, not true at all. Upper Egyptians show an affinity to East Africans based on the frequency of M1 and E subclades. Lower Egyptians on the other hand are more admixed. Face it, you were unable to address the genetic data we gave you here:
quote:Originally posted by Calabooz': Not true, not true at all. Upper Egyptians show an affinity to East Africans based on the frequency of M1 and E subclades. Lower Egyptians on the other hand are more admixed. Face it, you were unable to address the genetic data we gave you here
Your fail never ceases to amaze me.
Haplogroup frequency differences between Upper Egyptians and Lower Egyptians are not *THAT* great. They are essentially the *SAME* population, closer to each other than to foreigners.
Your HG data is highly insufficient; using your retarded logic certain Greeks are much closer to Ethiopians than to Germans (which is NOT true).
Posted by Just call me Jari (Member # 14451) on :
^^^ rahotep probably does'nt consider East Africans as SSA AKA Negriod, most people of his ilk claim East Africans do represent the A. Egyptian phenotype but that they are "Caucasian" or Hamite not negriod Africans.
Posted by Calabooz' (Member # 18238) on :
quote:Haplogroup frequency differences between Upper Egyptians and Lower Egyptians are not *THAT* great. They are essentially the *SAME* population, closer to each other than to foreigners.
Dude, please try to comprehend what you are reading. Going by haplogroup frequencies, lower Egyptians have higher Eurasian haplogroup frequencies and lower level of African HGs. the same exact thing I said. In the north you see a higher level of southern haplotypes whereas in the north you see a lower level of southern haplotypes. For certain haplogroups that is. Can't exactly recall mtDNA studies done on Lower Egyptians, but upper Egyptian mtDNA shows affinities to East Africans suggesting that they populated the Nile Valley.
As I said, lower Egyptians are more admixed, Upper Egyptians show affinities to East Africans.
Posted by Perahu (Member # 18548) on :
Rahotep said 'darker' Egyptians (presumably upper Egyptians) and 'lighter' Egyptians (presumably lower Egyptians) are closer to each other than to others. You responded with ''Not true, not true at all'', and use the minor differences in HG frequencies as evidence.
Calabooz' you are an effin' amateur, seriously. Posted by Djehuti (Member # 6698) on :
quote:Originally posted by Pair'ohuy:
I don't see anything particularly Negroid about this man's facial features. Look at his high-rooted long nose. A classical Caucasoid feature.
You need to be reminded how Negroids look like:
LOL Typical Euronut response. So "negroids" can only have certain features but not "caucasoids"??
So these people with wide low root noses are all not caucasian, right?
But these people are??
LOL Posted by Just call me Jari (Member # 14451) on :
^^^ I was under the impression that Upper Egyptians are closer to Lower Egyptians and then Nubians, I think Calabooz is saying that Lower Egyptians are more mixed but I thought they were still the closest to Upper Egyptians.
BTW are not Mixed Egyptians still predominantly African genetically..
Posted by Perahu (Member # 18548) on :
quote:Originally posted by Djehuti: LOL Typical Euronut response. So "negroids" can only have certain features but not "caucasoids"??
So these people with wide low root noses are all not caucasian, right?
*Fail*. These are somewhere between 40-60% Eurasian. They are not authentic Negroids.
You would be hard pressed finding a native from Gabon, Ghana, or the Congo with such features.
Posted by Perahu (Member # 18548) on :
quote:Originally posted by Djehuti: LOL Typical Euronut response. So "negroids" can only have certain features but not "caucasoids"??
So these people with wide low root noses are all not caucasian, right?
LOL
This lady is from Finland.
People from Finland are not purely Caucasoid. They have significant Mongoloid admixture.
Posted by Sundjata (Member # 13096) on :
quote:Originally posted by Just call me Jari: ^^^ I was under the impression that Upper Egyptians are closer to Lower Egyptians and then Nubians,
Keita (2005) actually found that the southern Egyptian gene frequencies were more similar to northern Sudanese.
TABLE 1. Summary of most common p49a,f Taq I Y-chromosome haplotypes in Egyptian regions 1
Haplotypes and percentages
Region (n) IV V XI VII VIII XI XV
Lower Egypt (162) 1.2 51.9 11.7 8.6 10.5 3.7 6.8
Upper Egypt (66) 27.3 24.2 28.8 4.6 3.0 0.0 6.1
Lower Nubia (46) 39.1 17.4 30.4 2.2 2.2 0.0 0.0 Posted by rahotep101 (Member # 18764) on :
quote:Originally posted by Just call me Jari: ^^^^ Ok so please post when any of us have said the Dark Egyptians are more related to "Sub Sahrans" over the Light Egyptians. The makes no sense,
The Nubians are the closest culturally and ethnically to Egyptians but I dont see you giving them any credit.
The fact is that the Dark Egyptians get ZERO credit for Ancient Egypt, when in fact looking at Royal Tombs and Art and Sculpture, genetics, etc. they played a vital Role. The only time Ive seen Dark Egyptians get their due respect was on "Engineering an Empire", "Rome", and "Prince of Egypt".
If you really cared about the denial of Modern Egyptians their culture you would be more upset at the denial of Dark Egyptian rather than your usual atempts to uplift the Delata Egyptians. If you really cared you would at lease make some attempt to give the Black egyptians credit.
If that's the case I would say it's only a reaction against Afrocentrists who always over-play the darker Egyptian images and try to blur the distinction between Egyptians and Nubians, making both part of a pan-African race. Obviously there was blending on the border regions, but this doesn't mean the core populations were indistinguishable. I've seen studied make both Egyptians and Nubians pool closer to Greeks and Maltese than to Sub-Saharan Africans. What are we to make of that, given that it contradicts the way Egyptians often represented Nubians?
Calling the darker Egyptians black is also misleading given that they belonged, for the most part, to the same race and society as the lighter ones. Officially, they regarded black nehesi as foreigners and barbarians, just as they regarded lighter Asiatics and Libyans. In actuality they did business with both types of outsider, and also permit outsiders to assimilate into Egyptian society.
Posted by Just call me Jari (Member # 14451) on :
^^^^ Ok thanks for clearing that up...makes sense IMO.
Posted by Djehuti (Member # 6698) on :
quote:Originally posted by DaHo1000: Afrocentric spam recipe: trawl through google until you find a few black-looking ancient Egyptians and ignore all the other images. Crop out any light coloured females, pretend symbolically jet-black gods are black people, serve with whining.
LMAO
No need to trawl through anything since the vast majority of PAINTED ancient Egyptian artwork show people with mahogany to chocolate dark complexions i.e. BLACK people. The light colored or yellowish females is a symbolic convention but is NOT always used just as jet-black gods are symbolic. No one appears to be whining here except YOU.
quote:They don't have the skin tone, the ancient Egyptian has a red-brown skin tone, the negro has a dark dull brown colour. And these are the darkest Egyptian images you can find, after a deliberately selective trawl. Pathetic! It couldn't be easier to find modern Egyptians the same colour as the ancients who are clearly not negro people. Negrocentrists who want to claim Egypt are just self-hating inadequates who are embarrassed by their own ancestry and who want to steal someone else's in order to have a bit of glory and glamour. Arrogant snobs and deniers of truth. They are an insult to their own race and to humanity in general.
So the modern Egyptian man in the right is not black but a Mediterranean caucasoid then?! LOL
So I guess the same is true with these men
quote:
^ The man in this pic looks "mixed" like most cosmopolitan Egyptians but that defeats your silly claims. It's obvious what the indigenous people who resemble their ancient ancestors the most looked like.
Posted by Perahu (Member # 18548) on :
quote:Originally posted by Just call me Jari: ^^^ I was under the impression that Upper Egyptians are closer to Lower Egyptians and then Nubians, I think Calabooz is saying that Lower Egyptians are more mixed but I thought they were still the closest to Upper Egyptians.
BTW are not Mixed Egyptians still predominantly African genetically..
Lower Egyptians are about 17% Sub-Saharan African (Red).
Posted by Djehuti (Member # 6698) on :
quote:Originally posted by Pair'ohuy:
*Fail*. These are somewhere between 40-60% Eurasian. They are not authentic Negroids.
LMAOSure they are. You said the same thing about Bantu Tutsi and Hima and Nilo-Saharan Hema! Keep telling yourself this if it makes you feel better. Remember make-believe is your game while REALITY is ours!
quote:You would be hard pressed finding a native from Gabon, Ghana, or the Congo with such features.
If I did you would no doubt dismiss them as "Eurasian" admixed also! LOL You are a pathetic joke!
Posted by Perahu (Member # 18548) on :
This is like arguing with a Chink that feature X is common in Mongoloid peoples. The Chink responds back by showing Central Asian Caucasoid admixed ''Mongoloids'' to prove that feature X is not common in Mongoloids.
Pure fail.
Posted by Djehuti (Member # 6698) on :
quote:Originally posted by DaHoisDum101: I'm not particularly familiar with stormfront. I've no time for white supremacism. The irony is most of these white-nationalist twits think Hitler was something good, when actually his madness unleashed one of the greatest slaughters of whites that there's ever been.
So there exist some semblance of logic within you.
quote:Technically, I'm a cultural nationalist. I don't care what colour someone is as long as they conform to the prevailing values of the society they find themselves among. (I suspect a similar attitude prevailed in Ancient Egypt, as they were more concerned with culture than race). I don't care if people want to marry outside their race. Racial purity is bullshit. I have black members of my own extended family.
Okay and many of us here feel the same.
quote:I don't care about being called 'racist' by black-supremacist retards who think blacks can't be racist, or who seem to equate racism with denying the blackness of Egypt. The term is devalued to the point of meaninglessness when they use it. It only insults all those who who have been the victims of real racial discrimination.
Here you fail miserably. You fail to understand that since Egypt is part of Africa its indigenous populations who formed pharonic Egypt and built the pyramids were indeed what we today call 'black'. All evidence proves this. Yet you are obviously in denial of this. You seem to cling to all the outdated and debunked nonsense of the 18th century that desperately wanted Egyptians to be members of the illustrious "white" race and therefore classified them with the bogus term of "Mediterranean Caca-soids"!!
quote: The fact remains that dark Egyptians are more closely related to light Egyptians than to sub-saharan Africans, or to anyone else.
Yet YOU fail to realize that light Egyptians are light due to foreign admixture and whereas those dark Egyptians especially in the rural areas are more pristine. Egyptians overall are related to other indigenous northeast Africans like the Beja, Nubians, and Siwans who in turn are related to other Africans in the Sahara as well as below the Sahara. You can't get it through your warped head that there is NO division between "Sub-Sahara" and "North". Indigenous i.e. 'black' Africans are found all throughout the continent and the Sahara did not always exist, stupid!
Posted by Calabooz' (Member # 18238) on :
quote:Rahotep said 'darker' Egyptians (presumably upper Egyptians) and 'lighter' Egyptians (presumably lower Egyptians) are closer to each other than to others. You responded with ''Not true, not true at all'', and use the minor differences in HG frequencies as evidence.
Where did he get that idea then? He has never read a genetic article in his life, neither have you for that matter. Upper Egyptian gene frequencies are more similar to those of Sudanese populations.
Edit: Sundjata pointed this out just now and posted the gene frequencies
quote:BTW are not Mixed Egyptians still predominantly African genetically..
Yep- they are.
Posted by Perahu (Member # 18548) on :
quote:Originally posted by Djehuti: If I did you would no doubt dismiss them as "Eurasian" admixed also! LOL You are a pathetic joke!
No, I would not.
The vast majority of Sub-Saharan Africans are authentic Negroids.
Only North, Saharan, and East Africans are racially impure and admixed with Eurasian Caucasoids.
Posted by Calabooz' (Member # 18238) on :
quote:Only North, Saharan, and East Africans are racially impure and admixed with Eurasian Caucasoids.
A claim you have never been able to sustain LOL!!
Posted by Perahu (Member # 18548) on :
quote:Originally posted by Calabooz': Where did he get that idea then? He has never read a genetic article in his life, neither have you for that matter. Upper Egyptian gene frequencies are more similar to those of Sudanese populations.
Shut the **** up.
You don't have autosomal Fst values (most stable method to gauge distances between populations) of Upper/Lower Egyptians and the North Sudanese.
Posted by Djehuti (Member # 6698) on :
^ Calabooz is correct. Since when have you ever proven any of your claims in here??! According to you the Bantu Tutsi and Bahima are also "Eurasian" mixed. The Nilo-Saharan Hema are Eurasian mixed and so are the Fulani!! Obviously you are an insane twit.
quote:Originally posted by Paironuts: This is like arguing with a Chink that feature X is common in Mongoloid peoples. The Chink responds back by showing Central Asian Caucasoid admixed ''Mongoloids'' to prove that feature X is not common in Mongoloids.
Yet apparently it doesn't matter that anthropology debunks the very racial categories of "caca-soid" "negroid" and "mongoloid" for the obvious reasons we have repeated over and over and over again for almost a decade in this forum.
quote:Pure fail.
Yes pure fail ON YOUR PART. that is!
quote:Originally posted by Just call me Jari: This is probably the best image you have ever posted, good work Watson, finally starting to post Dark Skinned Egyptians..
More Representation of Egyptian Reddish Brown
^ All "Mediterraneans" according to DaDumHo. LOL Posted by Sundjata (Member # 13096) on :
How do you jump from "Egyptians are completely Caucasoid" to "Egyptians are 17% sub-Saharan"? Clearly one source contradicts the other yet he relies on which ever one is convenient for the argument.
So much stupidity and inconsistency with this clown, Perahu. It's about time we stop taking this guy seriously. Admittedly I thought that when he first appeared that he'd be a challenge but it was quickly revealed to me that this guy is even dumber and less educated than our other resident trolls.
Nitpicking over percentages amounts to nothing when one third of the European genome to begin with is derived from early upper paleolithic Africa. Add to this the fact that Egyptians partially descend from Horners (Klivisid found Egyptian mtDNA frequencies to be most similar to Eritreans) who all post-OOA descendants likely share DNA with coupled with the fact that recent migrations/relationships may have diluted this Horner affinity (Stevanovitch, 2004) and his racial agenda is exposed.
Europeans are mixed hybrids who have no unique claims of influence over African diversity since they are more influenced by Africans than vice versa.
These race arguments are beginning to get weak as hell. I'm telling you guys, since Euros do not comprise a primary population set, they are totally irrelevant. We need to stop putting these trolls on a pedestal and I apologize for perpetuating it as well. As Dr. Clarke said, you should only debate your equals. I think that myself and others may benefit a lot from that idea.
Posted by Perahu (Member # 18548) on :
quote:Originally posted by Sundjata: Europeans are mixed hybrids who have no unique claims of influence over African diversity since they are more influenced by Africans than vice versa.
Outdated bullshit. I have had it with these Negrocentric lies.
The latest complete genomic sequence data tell a completely different story:
quote:Originally posted by Djehuti: ^ All "Mediterraneans" according to DaDumHo. LOL
Why do you keep posting people who look visibly more Caucasoid than Negroid?
Posted by rahotep101 (Member # 18764) on :
Djehuti The idea of the dark Egyptians being more 'pristine' only reflects your own ethnic chauvinism. It has no basis in historical fact. Old Kingdom Egyptian images reveal the same range of phenotypes as is found in modern Egypt, including as many individuals that would pass for white as for black. There is no fundamental racial discontinuity from the old kingdom to the late period and beyond. What black African population would ever represent itself thus? If most of these are black then I am! If these are not caucasians then there are none.
Posted by adrianne (Member # 10761) on :
but modern egyptians are mixed with alot of other people
Posted by rahotep101 (Member # 18764) on :
And the people modern Egyptians are mixed with are not all from the North and East.
Posted by Brada-Anansi (Member # 16371) on :
Sundjata
quote:These race arguments are beginning to get weak as hell. I'm telling you guys, since Euros do not comprise a primary population set, they are totally irrelevant. We need to stop putting these trolls on a pedestal and I apologize for perpetuating it as well.
Well its about time i have said over and over again they show up and bog this place down with race talk a concept that gets no respect from any biologist or bio anthropologist and because race is such an ill defined concept they can at-lest have most responders running around in circles keeping their minds off more tangible evidence like cultural relatedness the biological is just one part of the puzzle, facial features is their favorite pastime not this.
These are the things they ran away from for every time they are faced with the above they get bitched slapped.
Posted by adrianne (Member # 10761) on :
nice post brad
rahotep still hasnt explained the further you go back in their history why ancient egyptians look like this
Aruging over which of these gentlemen look more like a Nigerian is pointless as they are both Kemetians an ancient African civilization.
Posted by Djehuti (Member # 6698) on :
quote:Originally posted by DaDummy101: Djehuti The idea of the dark Egyptians being more 'pristine' only reflects your own ethnic chauvinism. It has no basis in historical fact...
Wrong on both counts! First of all if by ethnic chauvinism you mean I am of African descent, then NO because I am ASIAN! Second of all it has every basis on historical fact, you moron! Egypt received the most invasions and immigrations in its northern areas of the Delta. This is why the genetics shows the percentage of of African lineages among modern Egyptians goes up the farther south you go in the Nile and the converse-- the more foreign lineages go up the closer you get to the coastal Delta. Even anthropological studies of skeletons shows obvious changes in cranial and skeletal features especially in the north due to influx of foreigners. Many Egyptologists even Zahi Hawass claims that rural Fellahin especially in the south are best representative of the ancients.
quote:Old Kingdom Egyptian images reveal the same range of phenotypes as is found in modern Egypt, including as many individuals that would pass for white as for black. There is no fundamental racial discontinuity from the old kingdom to the late period and beyond. What black African population would ever represent itself thus? If most of these are black then I am! If these are not caucasians then there are none.
LMAO I find it hilarious that you accuse of "trawling" through google pics and being selective. When your collages obviously represent images where either the paint is worn off OR women who were simply depicted in the conventional symbolic yellow.
You speak of the Old Kingdom, yet why do you never show portraits with preserved paint like this
Yes there was a range of phenotype, in particular color where Egyptians in the south tended to be darker i.e. mahogany to milk-chocolate in complexion with those in the north being hazel to caramel in complexion.
As for YOU claiming to look Egyptian and claiming the presence of "caucasians" you are obviously fooled by the very designation of "caucasian" which is an anthropologically defunct term. How many times do we have to tell you that not only Egyptians were put in that category but their close relatives-- Beja, Nubians, Ethiopians and Somalis. Why do you think your partner Paironuts insists these peoples even people in Central Africa are "Eurasian" admixed just because they all share the same so-called "caucasoid" features?? What about people in Europe who have "negroid" features??
Posted by Brada-Anansi (Member # 16371) on :
Djehuti for get Negroid features how about African Dna
Abstract: HLA alleles have been determined in individuals from the Republic of Macedonia by DNA typing and sequencing. HLA-A, -B, -DR, -DQ allele frequencies and extended haplotypes have been for the first time determined and the results compared to those of other Mediterraneans, particularly with their neighbouring Greeks. Genetic distances, neighbor-joining dendrograms and correspondence analysis have been performed. The following conclusions have been reached: 1) Macedonians belong to the ‘‘older’’ Mediterranean substratum, like Iberians (including Basques), North Africans, Italians, French, Cretans, Jews, Lebanese, Turks (Anatolians), Armenians and Iranians, 2) Macedonians are not related with geographically close Greeks, who do not belong to the ‘‘older’’ Mediterranenan substratum, 3) Greeks are found to have a substantial relatedness to sub-Saharan (Ethiopian) people, which separate them from other Mediterranean groups . Both Greeks and Ethiopians share quasi-specific DRB1 alleles, such as *0305, *0307, *0411, *0413, *0416, *0417, *0420, *1110, *1112, *1304 and *1310. Genetic distances are closer between Greeks and Ethiopian/sub-Saharan groups than to any other Mediterranean group and finally Greeks cluster with Ethiopians/sub-Saharans in both neighbour joining dendrograms and correspondence analyses. The time period when these relationships might have occurred was ancient but uncertain and might be related to the displacement of Egyptian-Ethiopian people living in pharaonic Egypt. http://www.makedonika.org/processpaid.aspcontentid=ti.2001.pdf All in the family ah guess... now who is u papi..
Posted by rahotep101 (Member # 18764) on :
Brada-Anasi
When someone posts that photo with comparing Ramesses II' blue crown/war helmet to a Tutsi hairdo from the 1950s, you know the debate has hit intellectual rock bottom.
Comparing a hook-nosed caucasoid Egyptian to a central African whose fleshy lips push out as far as his nose tip (and who has nothing much by way of a nasal bridge) is the height of stupidity. This is what Ramesses' hair looked like, hardly good sculpting material!
I don't know what the headrest is supposed to be evidence of. You wouldn't get much sleep on it if it was pyramid shaped. Your images are visual spam.
There is nothing negroid about the pharaoh Userkaf, either. (I think both those images are statues of Userkaf) His nose is bulbous, not broad. This is a common caucasian feature, also common among modern Coptic Egyptians. I doubt many Nigerians look like that.
Nigerian judges wear British style wigs. This must prove that the British were black, by backwards-logic headrest/hairstyle/helmet evidence standards!
Obviously the images in this montage are a selective bunch, Djehuti, but they are authentic nonetheless, and many more like that could be found.
It makes a point. No black nation would represent a segment of its people that way. (Invariably the females are light colour, the men red-brown, as appears even in your counter-selection). Egyptians could draw & paint negresses perfectly when they needed to. Their own females generally were no such thing!
Caucasian is not a defunct term any more than negroid is. These terms are still used in physical anthropology and forensic science. I don't think much of your attempt at a pun, by the way.
If Ethiopians cluster with Greeks than that speaks more of the caucasianness (if that's a word) of Axumite Ethiopians than the blackness of Greeks. The Egyptians were by no means black, but were dark to classical Greek eyes, as were the people of Colchis (modern Georgia). Posted by TruthAndRights (Member # 17346) on :
quote:Caucasian is not a defunct term any more than negroid is. These terms are still used in physical anthropology and forensic science.
ummmmm, are you sure about that....because yet and still:
Cau·ca·sian /kɔˈkeɪʒən, -ʃən, -ˈkæʒən, -ˈkæʃ-/ Show Spelled [kaw-key-zhuhn, -shuhn, -kazh-uhn, -kash-] Show IPA
–adjective Also, Cau·cas·ic /kɔˈkæsɪk, -ˈkæz-/ show+spelled">Show Spelled [kaw-kas-ik, -kaz-] Show IPA . 1. Anthropology . of, pertaining to, or characteristic of one of the traditional racial divisions of humankind, marked by fair to dark skin, straight to tightly curled hair, and light to very dark eyes, and originally inhabiting europe, parts of North Africa, western Asia, and India: no longer in technical use. 2. of or pertaining to the Caucasus mountain range. 3. of or related to the non-Indo-European, non-Turkic languages of the Caucasus region.
–noun 4. Anthropology . a member of the peoples traditionally classified as the Caucasian race, especially those peoples having light to fair skin: no longer in technical use. 5. a native of Caucasia.
Word Origin & History
Caucasian
1807, from Caucasus Mountains, between the Black and Caspian seas; applied to the "white" race 1795 (in Ger.) by Ger. anthropologist Johann Blumenbach, because their supposed ancestral homeland lay there; since abandoned as a historical/anthropological term. Lit. meaning "resident or native of the Caucasus" is from 1843 (see Caucasus).
courtesy of dictionary.com
I have emphasized a particular phrasing above with regard to the term "caucasion", (which was my only point in posting the above):
"...no longer in technical use."
"...since abandoned as a historical/anthropological term."
Just sayin'.....
oh yeah, before I forget:
Can you please post for the members here, a current mainstream map showing us where Negro Land is located?
I asked another member this over a year ago, but said member has not as of yet provided us with that information....
Thanks in advance....
Posted by rahotep101 (Member # 18764) on :
Cau·ca·sian (kô-kzhn, -kzhn) adj. 1. a. Anthropology Of or being a human racial classification distinguished especially by very light to brown skin pigmentation and straight to wavy or curly hair, and including peoples indigenous to Europe, northern Africa, western Asia, and India. See Usage Note at race1. b. Of or relating to a racial group having white skin, especially one of European origin; white. 2. Of or relating to the Caucasus region or its peoples, languages, or cultures. 3. Of or relating to a group of three language families spoken in the region of the Caucasus mountains, including Chechen, Abkhaz, and the Kartvelian languages. n. 1. Anthropology A member of the Caucasian racial classification. 2. A native or inhabitant of the Caucasus. 3. The Caucasian language family.
Doesn't say anything about it being an obsolete term in the OED either.
I don't have time for political correct cartographers who deny the obvious. There's a readon why historical maps of ancient cultures just drew a diagonal line under Egypt towards Somalia and wrote Hammites and labelled everything south of the Sahara desert as 'negroes'. The people of this region had little or no contact with wider humanity and contributed vitually nothing to the story of civilization.
Posted by Calabooz' (Member # 18238) on :
quote:If Ethiopians cluster with Greeks than that speaks more of the caucasianness (if that's a word) of Axumite Ethiopians than the blackness of Greeks. The Egyptians were by no means black, but were dark to classical Greek eyes, as were the people of Colchis (modern Georgia).
No it wouldn't. Ethiopians have no signs of significant admixture. On the other hand, Greeks have a common Ethiopian Y haplogroup E at frequencies peaking 20%. So it is the Greeks who have African admixture not the other way around
Posted by TruthAndRights (Member # 17346) on :
btw, from some of yall's favorite source, wickipedia:
quote: The United States National Library of Medicine has used the term "Caucasian" as a race in the past, but has discontinued its usage in favor of the term "European,".[22]
on another note:
quote: ....and labelled everything south of the Sahara desert as 'negroes'.
Sooooo....a current mainstream map should show us Negro Land is somewhere south of the Sahara Desert?
Posted by rahotep101 (Member # 18764) on :
The E haplotype is also common in W. Asia, especially among arabs and jews (being E1b1b1 which is also the most common type among Ethiopians, Egyptians and Berbers, but usually not negroes, who are E1b1a or E 2 if they belong to this clade) there are some who still think the E haplotype originated in Asia. Greeks have had considerable historical contact with w. Asia, from the conquests of Alexander to the 400-year occupation by the Ottoman Turks, who passed through Arab lands on the way of course.
Anyway this shows Greeks, Ethiopians, a pure negress and a mulatto. If Ethiopians are pure black African one could be forgiven for thinking otherwise...
Posted by rahotep101 (Member # 18764) on :
'European' is useless as a term for a race, as it is laiden with geographical associations. Caucasian has similar problems but it is clearer as a definition. There are indigenous north Africans and west Assians who are quite obviously Caucasian and who could not be distinguished from Europeans.
Posted by TruthAndRights (Member # 17346) on :
I am going to assume that you are well aware that the term "negress" is offensive, and are using this term over the internet because you know you won't get a foot slammed up your backside....
smh like I've said, can't very well be vexed with the scorpion for following its Nature....
Posted by rahotep101 (Member # 18764) on :
When Africa stops being yellow and starts being green, as a rule of thumb, that's 'negro land'. Basically imagine a diagonal line goung north-west from Mogadishu to Khartoum and then going East all the way to the coast of Senegal. Anything below that line is basically negro land. The country divides on the map are artifical and were drawn by the white man, mostly.
Posted by rahotep101 (Member # 18764) on :
I couldn't give a damn if people want to take offence at plain english. Whoever died of being offended? Apparently it's ok to say that someone's race doesn't exist, but you can whine when someone calls you what you are.
Posted by AphRe7 (Member # 18920) on :
White Nerd, I mean Nord, you and your "friends" seem to get very emotional about anyone claiming that Ancient Egypt is anything other than white. I find that very odd considering, as a "nord", your ancestors wouldn't have originated any where near Egypt. So, why such outrage with something that really doesn't concern you? Why do you have an emotional attachment to the Ancient Egyptians who would have more than likely killed you and anyone that looks like you on sight.
Is it because your own people, the so-called Nordics really don't have a recorded history of their own? No writing systems? (No, runes don't count) Does it bother you than your people lived in mud huts with thatched roofs? That Romans and other enlightened Europeans considered your people barbarians who they enslaved? Your women raped by Romans and your straw-haired males castrated. You don't even have a proper religion because it was all lost (save for the Eddas, which are a poor substitute) during mass conversions to Christianity. You know almost nothing about the proper prayers for your own Nordic gods, so some of you invent some BS and call it Asatru.
Nordic peoples have just as little recorded history as Sub-Saharan Africans- maybe even less so. The only reason you live the way you do now is through the benefit of other European cultures.
So, please. Cut the self-righteous horse crap. It's starting to get very, very old.
A quote by Hitler:
"Why do we call the whole world's attention to the fact that we have no past? It isn't enough that the Romans were erecting great buildings when our forefathers were still living in mud huts; now Himmler is starting to dig up these villages of mud huts and enthusing over every potsherd and stone axe he finds. All we prove by that is that we were still throwing stone hatchets and crouching around open fires when Greece and Rome had already reached the highest stage of culture. We really should do our best to keep quiet about this past. Instead Himmler makes a great fuss about it all. The present-day Romans must be having a laugh at these relegations."
Posted by TruthAndRights (Member # 17346) on :
quote:Originally posted by rahotep101: When Africa stops being yellow and starts being green, as a rule of thumb, that's 'negro land'. Basically imagine a diagonal line goung north-west from Mogadishu to Khartoum and then going East all the way to the coast of Senegal. Anything below that line is basically negro land. The country divides on the map are artifical and were drawn by the white man, mostly.
No, my dear...no imaginary nothing...if Negro Land actually exists, on a current mainstream map you should be able to show us an actual place named, on said current mainstream map exactly where Negro Land is.
And I am not a "negress"...I am an Afro-Caribbean woman, of African ancestry....NOT YOU, NOR ANY OTHER 'WHITE' PERSON, CAN TELL ME WHO I AM....YOU CAN ONLY CALL ME NAMES...YOU NEED TO UNDERSTAND THAT....AND IF YOU CAN'T, I AM JUST SORRY FOR YOU....
quote: The country divides on the map are artifical and were drawn by the white man,
You get credit for at least getting that right....lol....
that being said, good evening to you...
Posted by TruthAndRights (Member # 17346) on :
quote: (No, runes don't count)
Why not, may I ask? It is a form of writing still...
Posted by Perahu (Member # 18548) on :
quote:Originally posted by Calabooz': Ethiopians have no signs of significant admixture.
What a liar
Posted by AphRe7 (Member # 18920) on :
quote:Originally posted by TruthAndRights:
quote: (No, runes don't count)
Why not, may I ask? It is a form of writing still...
I will concede the issue of runes, but the other issues I stand firm on. I have Nordic blood as well, so I feel I can criticize those that throw stones in glass houses. Bigotry is a mental illness that must be cured.
Posted by Calabooz' (Member # 18238) on :
quote:The E haplotype is also common in W. Asia, especially among arabs and jews (being E1b1b1 which is also the most common type among Ethiopians, Egyptians and Berbers, but usually not negroes, who are E1b1a or E 2 if they belong to this clade) there are some who still think the E haplotype originated in Asia.
No recent articles claim haplogroup E originated in Asia. That is an old idea made popular by Hammer's 1997 articles long since refuted by new findings, even his own. Goes to show how much you know, All carriers of haplogroup E, whether they be E1b1a or E1b1b are genetically tied via the PN2 transition.
You desperate attempt at trying to associate the high frequency of E3b1 in the Greeks as west Asian influence doesn't change the fact that this clade originated in sub-Saharan Africa.
quote:'European' is useless as a term for a race, as it is laiden with geographical associations. Caucasian has similar problems but it is clearer as a definition. There are indigenous north Africans and west Assians who are quite obviously Caucasian and who could not be distinguished from Europeans.
Caucasian is in no way a clear definition. You keep ignoring the most important thing, i.e., that you can not group populations based on superficial similarities into one large racial group if they have no affinity with the other population.
Posted by Anglo_Pyramidologist (Member # 18853) on :
''Your women raped by Romans and your straw-haired males castrated. You don't even have a proper religion because it was all lost (save for the Eddas, which are a poor substitute) during mass conversions to Christianity. You know almost nothing about the proper prayers for your own Nordic gods, so some of you invent some BS and call it Asatru.'' =======
Since when did the Romans conquer Scandinavia and rape Scandinavians? They couldn't even conquer the Picts of Scotland.
Why are blacks so retarded at basic history?
Posted by the lioness (Member # 17353) on :
suppose you wrote something about Caucasians. Then you wrote something about Negroids. Then people have a problem.
Take the exact same thing you wrote, substitute "white" for Caucasian and "black" for Negroid no problems, they leave you alone
Posted by Brada-Anansi (Member # 16371) on :
Rahotep101 take Lioness advice the Negroid Caucasian thing not working that's sooo 19th century
The point is Userkaf and Shepseskaf are from the same Civ.and possible from the same family Userkaf 5th dyn Shepesekaf 4th your Negroid vs Caucasoid term is irrelevant both broad featured and narrow featured folks can be found any cosmopolitan African or diasporian centers along with shades of all kinds what we are not going to do is a allow some alabaster wanna be black but not Negrooid come and spit up our family whether ancient or modern just so they can play dress-up without feeling guilty of theft.
All the above from Kemet and the Great Lakes region including the much maligned Congo showing cultural relatedness, out side of Africa one is hard pressed to find those type of headrest while the head deformation is found in the Americas as far as I know places immediately out side Africa didn't practice such.
Where is the ws scepter a symbol of leadership found out side of Africa but yet is found right across Africa from Gilf el Kebir right through again that much maligned Congo and the Great Lakes region.
Summary
The paper provides a summary of (black) African ethnomathematics, with a special focus on results of possible interest to eventual mathematical properties of the Ishango rod(s). The African diversity in number names, gestures and systems (including base 2 of the Bushmen, probably related to the early Ishango people) shows frequent decompositions of numbers in small groups (similar to the carvings on the rod), while the existence of words for large numbers illustrates counting was not merely done for practical reasons. A particular case is the base 12, with it straightforward fi nger counting method on the hands, and used in Nigeria, Egypt and the Ishango region. Geometric representations are found in traditional sand drawings or decorations, where lines and fi gures obey abstract rules. Number lines drawn in the sand (using small and long lines as on the rod) make anyone immediately remind the Ishango carvings. Knot ed strings and carved counting sticks (even looking like exact wooden copies of the Ishango rod) illustrate an African counting practice, as confi rmed in writ en sources of, for instance, a git ed American slave. Finally, mancala mind games, Yoruba and Egyptian multiplication (using doublings as on the Ishango rod) or kinship studies all show ethnologists may have ignored for too long Africans were talking the mathematical language, ever since. http://etopia.sintlucas.be/3.14/Ishango_meeting/Mathematics_Africa.pdf
Now tell where that system of Mathematics found in early Eurasia? but is anciently found all over Africa http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CyduQYmlowM&feature=player_embedded watch the vid pay close attention as to where that system of doubling came from and where it went.
You may visit our house but you cannot stay you are a rude guest in our collective African cultures,Now take your bag of Negroids and GET THE FUK OUT!!! Posted by the lioness (Member # 17353) on :
quote:Originally posted by AphRe7: A quote by Hitler:
"Why do we call the whole world's attention to the fact that we have no past? It isn't enough that the Romans were erecting great buildings when our forefathers were still living in mud huts; now Himmler is starting to dig up these villages of mud huts and enthusing over every potsherd and stone axe he finds. All we prove by that is that we were still throwing stone hatchets and crouching around open fires when Greece and Rome had already reached the highest stage of culture. We really should do our best to keep quiet about this past. Instead Himmler makes a great fuss about it all. The present-day Romans must be having a laugh at these relegations."
Amazing quote there. looked it up- from Inside the Third Reich by Albert Speer
Posted by TruthAndRights (Member # 17346) on :
quote:Originally posted by AphRe7:
quote:Originally posted by TruthAndRights:
quote: (No, runes don't count)
Why not, may I ask? It is a form of writing still...
I will concede the issue of runes, but the other issues I stand firm on. I have Nordic blood as well, so I feel I can criticize those that throw stones in glass houses. Bigotry is a mental illness that must be cured.
aaaaaaaaaaahhhhhh....overstand and respect!
Posted by Brada-Anansi (Member # 16371) on :
Nigeria was once part of the Brit Empire ergo cultural and even linguistic connection Kemet is influenced from other regions in Africa culturally biologically and linguistically for far longer than 70yrs of Brit colonial rule
The following is a "North Saharan" — from "Kargur Talh" in particular — rendition dating to ca. 6ky to 7ky BP; it notably sports a male figure holding what appears to be a staff, reminiscent of the Was scepter..and we have an early and a rather simple rendition dating back to ca. 3500 BC, found in the Hierakonpolis tomb 100, sporting several individuals holding what appear to be Was scepter
quote:Originally posted by Anglo_Pyramidologist: ''Your women raped by Romans and your straw-haired males castrated. You don't even have a proper religion because it was all lost (save for the Eddas, which are a poor substitute) during mass conversions to Christianity. You know almost nothing about the proper prayers for your own Nordic gods, so some of you invent some BS and call it Asatru.'' =======
Since when did the Romans conquer Scandinavia and rape Scandinavians? They couldn't even conquer the Picts of Scotland.
Why are blacks so retarded at basic history?
History is not part of their history, that's why. I'm still waiting for them to name sub-saharan Africa's Bede or Herodotus.
The idea of someone civilized turning up to rape the Vikings is novel!
Posted by rahotep101 (Member # 18764) on :
quote:Originally posted by TruthAndRights:
quote:Originally posted by rahotep101: When Africa stops being yellow and starts being green, as a rule of thumb, that's 'negro land'. Basically imagine a diagonal line goung north-west from Mogadishu to Khartoum and then going East all the way to the coast of Senegal. Anything below that line is basically negro land. The country divides on the map are artifical and were drawn by the white man, mostly.
No, my dear...no imaginary nothing...if Negro Land actually exists, on a current mainstream map you should be able to show us an actual place named, on said current mainstream map exactly where Negro Land is.
And I am not a "negress"...I am an Afro-Caribbean woman, of African ancestry....NOT YOU, NOR ANY OTHER 'WHITE' PERSON, CAN TELL ME WHO I AM....YOU CAN ONLY CALL ME NAMES...YOU NEED TO UNDERSTAND THAT....AND IF YOU CAN'T, I AM JUST SORRY FOR YOU....
quote: The country divides on the map are artifical and were drawn by the white man,
You get credit for at least getting that right....lol....
that being said, good evening to you...
You can call yourself what you like, but I always see potential complications when geograpcal terms become euphemisms for racial ones. What if an Algerian or a Boer moved to Jamaica? Would they be an Afro-Caribbean?
Posted by Brada-Anansi (Member # 16371) on :
And think Ahmed Baba, Al Fulani,Zara Yacob,Bava Gor from Kano?? amongst others.
quote:History is not part of their history, that's why. I'm still waiting for them to name sub-saharan Africa's Bede or Herodotus.
Posted by Just call me Jari (Member # 14451) on :
^^^ Brada why even engage an Ignorant Simpleton ass such as the Tin Islesman with an African diety as his moniker.
I like how he uses a Greek Born in the Vicinity of Persia as proof of European literacy, despite the Black presence in Greece going all the way back to Knossos but the Greeks are pure white..LOL
Posted by Brada-Anansi (Member # 16371) on :
Jeri I responded only because he was so sure that the examples given off the top of my head could in no way exist so confident he was in his own Bull Sh!!t.
Posted by rahotep101 (Member # 18764) on :
And think Ahmed Baba, Al Fulani,Zara Yacob,Bava Gor from Kano?? amongst others.
quote:History is not part of their history, that's why. I'm still waiting for them to name sub-saharan Africa's Bede or Herodotus.
Off the top of your google, more like. Still nothing earlier than the late medieval era? A thousand odd years after Bede? And all confined to the bit of Africa facing Arabia? What about the rest?
Posted by Brada-Anansi (Member # 16371) on :
Hah I bought my laptop to the beach, yes off the top of my head you know why?? I dealt with the subject right here on E/S lets see facing Arabia well Zara Yacob is from Ethiopia but the rest is from ERRR... West Africa?? and talk about moving the goal post you Euros are never satisfied now it has to be at a certain time period it can never be above the desert or connected to the Nile..one must never mention Asop,Lokman or St Moses the Black because he was from Upper Egypt or Sudan..listen here idiot I have been studying African,African American,Caribbean,and miscellaneous Africana for years as well as world history in general so I am off in that inviting water..ta ta
Posted by Calabooz' (Member # 18238) on :
Posted by Just call me Jari (Member # 14451) on :
What a bunch of B.S.
What is the signifigance of Dates. Ahmed Baba wrote the history of West Africa. the Abysinian Al Jahiz was developing the first stages of evolution in the 9th century.
And I would not be the one to talk about location considering how Herodotus was as far removed from the Tin Isles and Britons as you can get. But its ok for Euroclowns such as yourself to claim cultures that don't belong to you..lol.
And think Ahmed Baba, Al Fulani,Zara Yacob,Bava Gor from Kano?? amongst others.
quote:History is not part of their history, that's why. I'm still waiting for them to name sub-saharan Africa's Bede or Herodotus.
Off the top of your google, more like. Still nothing earlier than the late medieval era? A thousand odd years after Bede? And all confined to the bit of Africa facing Arabia? What about the rest?
Posted by Just call me Jari (Member # 14451) on :
What is equally obsurd is the statement...
And all confined to the bit of Africa facing Arabia? What about the rest? ^^^^ What script did Bede write the history of England in Rahotep??
Also Zara Yacob lived Isoated from other Ethiopians let alone Arabs.
So like I asked what script was Bede writing in, if you don't mind..
Posted by Masonic Rebel (Member # 9549) on :
quote: Really, I got so sick of all the stupid 'Egypt was black' comments on everything on youtube to do with Egypt that I started making videos arguing against this
^Hilarious
Posted by Djehuti (Member # 6698) on :
^ Indeed. DaDum1_01 complains about blacks fabricating history or stealing history when it comes to Egypt even though Egypt IS African as much as Nigeria, or rather Egypt's neighbor Sudan.
Posted by Perahu (Member # 18548) on :
Those are ~50% Caucasoid Ancient Mulattoes. Not true Negroids.
True Negroids are incapable of building such a magnificent society like that of Ancient Egypt. Only thanks to West Eurasian admixture did they gain the mental capabilities to built such great works.
Posted by Just call me Jari (Member # 14451) on :
Rahotep Im still waiting on you to tell us what script Bede wrote the history of the English people in..?? You seem so insistant on devaluing the Ethiopian Geez literature despite it being a Complete African development. So please what script did Bede write in??
Posted by the lioness (Member # 17353) on :
quote:Originally posted by Perahu: Those are ~50% Caucasoid Ancient Mulattoes. Not true Negroids.
True Negroids are incapable of building such a magnificent society like that of Ancient Egypt. Only thanks to West Eurasian admixture did they gain the mental capabilities to built such great works.
non-sequiter
Also the percentage you speak of is made up
similar person according to your theory:
Posted by Djehuti (Member # 6698) on :
quote:Originally posted by Just call me Jari: Rahotep Im still waiting on you to tell us what script Bede wrote the history of the English people in..?? You seem so insistant on devaluing the Ethiopian Geez literature despite it being a Complete African development. So please what script did Bede write in??
^ LOL The fool does not even know the very alphabet he uses is ultimately derived from Egyptian! But let's not forget he does not consider Egyptian to be African.
Posted by rahotep101 (Member # 18764) on :
quote:Originally posted by Djehuti: ^ Indeed. DaDum1_01 complains about blacks fabricating history or stealing history when it comes to Egypt even though Egypt IS African as much as Nigeria, or rather Egypt's neighbor Sudan.
Poppyock. 60,000 square kelometers of Nigeria is not in Asia!
quote:Originally posted by the lioness: non-sequiter
Also the percentage you speak of is made up
Ancient and present-day Nubians are 50% Caucasoid (West Eurasian origin).
Posted by rahotep101 (Member # 18764) on :
quote:Originally posted by Masonic Rebel:
quote: Really, I got so sick of all the stupid 'Egypt was black' comments on everything on youtube to do with Egypt that I started making videos arguing against this
^Hilarious
What is that supposed to prove, pray tell?
^^^ Birmingham (UK)
Posted by Perahu (Member # 18548) on :
Those are racially 100% true Negroids, recent migrants. Totally incomparable. A Negroid-Caucasoid hybrid substratum was in Egypt since ancient times.
Posted by Djehuti (Member # 6698) on :
quote:Originally posted by DaDum1_01:
quote:Originally posted by Djehuti: ^ Indeed. DaDum1_01 complains about blacks fabricating history or stealing history when it comes to Egypt even though Egypt IS African as much as Nigeria, or rather Egypt's neighbor Sudan.
Poppyock. 60,000 square kelometers of Nigeria is not in Asia!
And how many times must we remind you that the Sinai Peninsula was not part of dynastic Egypt except during imperial New Kingdom Times! The native Kememu inhabited the AFRICAN NILE valley to the Delta.
quote:
quote:Originally posted by Masonic Rebel:
quote: Really, I got so sick of all the stupid 'Egypt was black' comments on everything on youtube to do with Egypt that I started making videos arguing against this
^Hilarious
What is that supposed to prove, pray tell?
^^^ Birmingham (UK)
That true Egyptians who live in rural areas are still BLACK!
Posted by rahotep101 (Member # 18764) on :
quote:Originally posted by Just call me Jari: Rahotep Im still waiting on you to tell us what script Bede wrote the history of the English people in..?? You seem so insistant on devaluing the Ethiopian Geez literature despite it being a Complete African development. So please what script did Bede write in??
It was Latin, the language of Rome, the city that had already fallen to Germanic relations of the English in 410AD, and to Celtic relations of the Britons in 390 BC!
Posted by Djehuti (Member # 6698) on :
^ Yet you ignore the fact that the alphabet is derived from an AFRICAN language Mdu Neter (Egyptian).
Posted by Perahu (Member # 18548) on :
quote:Originally posted by Djehuti: That true Egyptians who live in rural areas are still BLACK!
With 50% Caucasoid DNA and their African genetic component would be highly different from West Africans, i.e. they are not related to your common Negro.
Posted by Djehuti (Member # 6698) on :
^ There is no such thing as "caucasoid" let alone "caucasoid genes" or "negroid" or any other racial garbage. You even claim your master Dienekes is an expert or "doctor" when he is not. You are a lying lunatic. Which is why nobody takes you seriously and you are being ignored.
Posted by Just call me Jari (Member # 14451) on :
quote:Originally posted by rahotep101:
quote:Originally posted by Just call me Jari: Rahotep Im still waiting on you to tell us what script Bede wrote the history of the English people in..?? You seem so insistant on devaluing the Ethiopian Geez literature despite it being a Complete African development. So please what script did Bede write in??
It was Latin, the language of Rome, the city that had already fallen to Germanic relations of the English in 410AD, and to Celtic relations of the Britons in 390 BC!
^^^^ So Bede wrote in Latin a script developed by Rome. While the Ethiopians wrote in Geez a Script developed by Ethiopians. Everything that Bede did was done by the sacred Empire Ethiopia ten fold. Ethiopian Axum in the 1st century was counted as 4 of the Great Empires with the likes of China and Byzantium. The Tin Isles only got that Title during the 19th Century after exploiting the Americans, Carribean, Africans, Indians, and Indo-Chinese and Chinese alike, and after the development of Steam.
It was the so called Arabs that Isolated and Invaded Ethiopia preventing her Growth to further greatness.
Yet and still despite Barbarics Stepping their dirty feet on the sacred soil of Ethiopia, she was still able to resist Colonialism, defeated the Italians and even began a process of Modernization.
Justice is a product of education. -H.I.M Hallie Selasse
Show Respect boy!!
Posted by Perahu (Member # 18548) on :
quote:Originally posted by Djehuti: ^ There is no such thing as "caucasoid" let alone "caucasoid genes" or "negroid" or any other racial garbage. You even claim your master Dienekes is an expert or "doctor" when he is not. You are a lying lunatic. Which is why nobody takes you seriously and you are being ignored.
Butthurt ugly Australoid Filipino!
Caucasoid is a genetic reality. It must hurt knowing that even the Nubians are 50% Caucasoid, and the ancient and present-day Egyptians are 70%-90% Caucasoid.
Posted by Djehuti (Member # 6698) on :
quote:Originally posted by Just call me Jari: So Bede wrote in Latin a script developed by Rome. While the Ethiopians wrote in Geez a Script developed by Ethiopians. Everything that Bede did was done by the sacred Empire Ethiopia ten fold. Ethiopian Axum in the 1st century was counted as 4 of the Great Empires with the likes of China and Byzantium. The Tin Isles only got that Title during the 19th Century after exploiting the Americans, Carribean, Africans, Indians, and Indo-Chinese and Chinese alike, and after the development of Steam.
It was the so called Arabs that Isolated and Invaded Ethiopia preventing her Growth to further greatness.
Yet and still despite Barbarics Stepping their dirty feet on the sacred soil of Ethiopia, she was still able to resist Colonialism, defeated the Italians and even began a process of Modernization.
Justice is a product of education. -H.I.M Hallie Selasse
Show Respect boy!!
^ Forget that! DaHoisDum101 keeps ignoring that the very alphabet of the Latin language is derived from AFRICANS i.e. Egyptians.
He tends to ignore a lot of things including the fact that Africa has produced more civilizations than Europe!
^ Africa has had trade relations with China long before the advent of Marco Polo!
Indirect contacts between the Northeast African coast and China, mostly based on trade, seem to be documented since at least the 1st century A.D. (Han dynasty). This article focused on the first Chinese, whose presence in Africa is clearly documented. The geographical curiosity of the T'ang dynasty made it possible, that extracts of an 8th century travel report of a Chinese military officer, Du Huan, were documented and preserved. He visited Arabic countries and also Africa. The location of Molin-guo, an African country, seems to be clarified today. South of it lies Laobosa, the first mention of Abyssinia in an ancient Chinese source ; Molin should be located in a dry desert lowland in the Sudan and Eritrea62. This text is thus one of the very few ancient sources contemporary to the late Aksumite kingdom. Briefly, but with significant details, the peoples' customs are described, most of them still identifiable today.
What makes the text fragments on Molin important, is, first, that it is the most ancient source which provides evidence of the presence of a Chinese in Africa63. Most other sources only reflect the fact that products from the African Red Sea coast reached China. Second, it is among the very few ancient sources contemporary to the Aksumite kingdom. Third, the Du Huan travel report fragments give an example on the ways used in that time to cross far distances. Probably rather unusual is the fact, that Du Huan reached the mountainous region south of Egypt by land ; how his way back was organised is not known in detail, but we know that he reached Kanton in Southern China by boat - using the sea routes to India, which we know from a few ancient sources. This shows that still in the period of decline, the sea trade from the African coast was not halted. Fourth, the geographical notions mentioned are reflecting information originating evidently in Arabic contacts, which is probably due to the fact that during the decline of the Aksumite kingdom the Red Sea trade was already in the hands of the Arabs. Finally, the brief descriptions of the multitude of religions give us an impression of the coexistence of religions in this period, on which only very few sources exist.
quote:Originally posted by alTakruri: _________ __________________________ Now in the 12th year, in a corner of the Western Seas, in the stagnant waters of a great morass, Truly was produced a qilin (ch'i-lin), whose shape was as high as fifteen feet. With the body of a deer and the tail of an ox, and a fleshy, boneless horn, With luminous spots like a red cloud in a purple mist. Its hoofs do not tread on living beings and in its wanderings it carefully selects its ground. It walks in stately fashion and in its every motion it observes a rhythm, Its harmonious voice sounds like a bell or a musical tube. Gentle is this animal, that has in antiquity been seen but once, The manifestation of its divine spirit rises up to heaven's abode. Ministers and people together vie to be the first to gaze upon the joyous spectacle, a true token of Heaven's aid and a proclamation of Heaven's favour. How glorious is the Sacred Emperor whose literary and military virtues are most excellent, who has succeeded to the Precious Throne and has achieved Perfect Order in imitation of the Ancients.
Painting with Poem by Shen Du (1357-1434)
The qilin is a Chinese auspicious mythical animal with giraffe-like features. Zheng He, a Muslim admiral ambassador eunuch, brought a giraffe from the east coast of Africa to the emperor Yongle. From Zheng He's stela: [QUOTE] In the fifteenth year of Yongle (1417): Commanding the fleet we visited the western regions. The country of Hulumosi (Ormuz) presented lions, leopards with gold spots and large western horses. The country of Adan (Aden) presented qilin of which the native name is culafa (giraffe), as well as the long-horned animal maha (oryx). The country of Mugudushu (Mogadishu) presented huafu lu ("striped" zebras) as well as lions. The country of Bulawa (Brava) presented camels which run one thousand li as well as camel-birds (ostriches).
J.J.L. Duyvendak, however, maintains that Malindi sent a delegation to Peking with the giraffe.
quote: . . . . In 1402 an outward-looking emperor named Yong'le (Yung-lo) came to power. Seeking to reassert a Chinese presence on the western seas and to enhance the prestige of his rule and dynasty, he began funding spectacular voyages by Zheng-He. . . . . As Zheng He pressed westward in 1414, he sent part of his fleet north to Bengal, and there the Chinese travelers saw a wondrous creature. . . . . The giraffe the travelers saw in Bengal was already more than 5,000 miles from home. It had been brought there as a gift from the ruler of the prosperous African city-state of Malindi, one of the several trading centers lining the east coast of Africa (Malindi is midway along modern Kenya's coast, three degrees south of the equator). Zheng He's diplomats persuaded the Malindi ambassadors to offer the animal as a gift to the Chinese emperor. They also persuaded the Malindi ambassadors to send home for another giraffe. When Zheng He returned to Beijing, he was able to present the emperor with two of the exotic beasts.
A pair of giraffes in Beijing in 1415 was well worth the cost of the expedition. In China they thought the giraffe (despite its having one horn too many) was a ["temple dog"] (ch'i-lin), whose arrival, according to Confucian tradition, meant that a sage of the utmost wisdom and benevolence was in their presence. It was a great gift, therefore, to bring to the ambitious ruler of a young dynasty. The giraffes were presented to the emperor Yong'le by exotic envoys from the kingdom of Malindi, whom the Chinese treated royally. They and the marvelous gift so excited China's curiosity about Africa that Zheng He sent word to the kingdom of Mogadishu (then one of the most powerful trading states in East Africa and now the capitol of modern Somalia) and to other African states, inviting them to send ambassadors to the Ming emperor.
The response of the African rulers was overwhelmingly generous, for China and Africa had been distant trading partners from the time of the Han dynasty (206 B.C. to A.D. 220).
. . . .
The African emissaries to the Ming throne came with fabulous gifts, including objects for which entrepreneurs had long before managed to create a market in the Far East -- tortoise shell, elephant ivory, and rhinoceros-horn medicine. On their many visits they also brought zebras, ostriches, and other exotica. In return, the Ming court sent gold, spices, silk, and other presents. Zheng He was sent with his fleet of great ships on yet another voyage across the Indian Ocean to accompany some of the foreign emissaries home. This escort was the first of several imperially supported trips to Africa. According to official records, they went to Mogadishu, Brava, and perhaps Malindi;
. . . .
Samuel M. Wilson The Emperor's Giraffe Natural History (Vol. 101, No. 12, December 1992)
Posted by Djehuti (Member # 6698) on :
quote:Originally posted by Pair'ohurtnuts: Butthurt ugly Australoid Filipino!
aaaawwe. Sorry did I hurt your feelings and by that I mean your false caca-soid white pride??
quote:Caucasoid is a genetic reality. It must hurt knowing that even the Nubians are 50% Caucasoid, and the ancient and present-day Egyptians are 70%-90% Caucasoid.
Caca-soid is as much a reality as Dr. Dienekes Pontikos et. al! LMAO Posted by Brada-Anansi (Member # 16371) on :
quote: Originally posted by Just call me Jari: Rahotep Im still waiting on you to tell us what script Bede wrote the history of the English people in..?? You seem so insistant on devaluing the Ethiopian Geez literature despite it being a Complete African development. So please what script did Bede write in??
Rahotep said It was Latin, the language of Rome, the city that had already fallen to Germanic relations of the English in 410AD, and to Celtic relations of the Britons in 390 BC
And Ahmed Baba wrote in African language using Arabic script Bede and Herodotus wrote in a European language using a semitic script that was ultimately base on an African script called Mdu Ntr and that goes back even further to the folks of Ta-Seti yes your "Nubians" so does that make Bede a "Nubian" ???
Posted by Anglo_Pyramidologist (Member # 18853) on :
''tell us what script Bede wrote the history of the English people in'' =====
It was common to write in Latin all across Europe despite other languages were known and could be written.
Britain had written literature long before the Romans invaded. Just not enough research has been done on these early writings because of the erroneous 19th depiction of the native Britons as savage painted cavemen.
Flinders Petrie presented a paper to the Proceedings of the British Academy in 1917 entitled ''Neglected British History'' discussing these pre-Roman written sources. Despite scholars and academics knowing of their existance, this knowledge has never broken into the mainstream. Why? Probably political correctness. Universities in Britain are now not even allowed to publically discuss the British Empire.
Posted by Just call me Jari (Member # 14451) on :
^^^^ Im not doubting the British had a script before Latin, what Im getting at is your and Rahotep's dismissal of Geez. Geez unlike the language Bede wrote in was developed by Ethiopians. Little to any Sabaen influence was need. further more Southern Arabians get their Script VIA Phonecian which was developed from Egyptian, another African script.
The Fact is Bede wrote in a Language not developed by his own people while the Ethiopian did not have that problem, so please stop bringing up Arabs everytime some one mentions Ethiopia. If anything Arabs did more damage to Ethiopia than good.
Second if its true that the British Universities cant teach the British Empire(I doubt that) then thats really sad. The British Empire is an important fact of History and the Story of the British before Rome should be told as well like all Cultures.
If you don't mind me asking what reasons would it serve not to discuss the British Empire. Does London Universities not have World History Programs..??
Here in the states you can even forcus on Western Civ, hell maybe even the British Empire. You telling me Oxford University does'nt have a Western Civ. Focus or a Focus on the British Empire for at least Graduate students....
I doubt that.
Posted by Anglo_Pyramidologist (Member # 18853) on :
''If you don't mind me asking what reasons would it serve not to discuss the British Empire'' =====
Self-hatred pushed by white liberals. These same white liberal freaks count the numbers of 'blacks' at cambridge and oxford and claim that there are not enough at cambridge/oxford and that the students there are too ''pasty white''.
- ''Cambridge college forced to change 'offensive' theme of May ball''
- '''Cambridge University has been accused of advocating slavery and racism yesterday by hosting a glamorous ball to celebrate the excesses of the British Empire''.
- ''David Cameron has raised hackles at Oxford University with a comment about its numbers of black students.
Speaking at a PM Direct event in North Yorkshire, he said: "I saw figures the other day that showed that only one black person went to Oxford last year. I think that is disgraceful. We have got to do better than that."''
Posted by rahotep101 (Member # 18764) on :
quote:Originally posted by Just call me Jari:
quote:Originally posted by rahotep101:
quote:Originally posted by Just call me Jari: Rahotep Im still waiting on you to tell us what script Bede wrote the history of the English people in..?? You seem so insistant on devaluing the Ethiopian Geez literature despite it being a Complete African development. So please what script did Bede write in??
It was Latin, the language of Rome, the city that had already fallen to Germanic relations of the English in 410AD, and to Celtic relations of the Britons in 390 BC!
^^^^ So Bede wrote in Latin a script developed by Rome. While the Ethiopians wrote in Geez a Script developed by Ethiopians. Everything that Bede did was done by the sacred Empire Ethiopia ten fold. Ethiopian Axum in the 1st century was counted as 4 of the Great Empires with the likes of China and Byzantium. The Tin Isles only got that Title during the 19th Century after exploiting the Americans, Carribean, Africans, Indians, and Indo-Chinese and Chinese alike, and after the development of Steam.
It was the so called Arabs that Isolated and Invaded Ethiopia preventing her Growth to further greatness.
Yet and still despite Barbarics Stepping their dirty feet on the sacred soil of Ethiopia, she was still able to resist Colonialism, defeated the Italians and even began a process of Modernization.
Justice is a product of education. -H.I.M Hallie Selasse
Show Respect boy!!
What language are you going to reply in? What is the official language uniting Gambia, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi,Nambia Nigeria, Uganda and Swaziland, among others? Who gave Swahili its current latin alphabet? Not the Romans! The Tin Isle founded America, essentially ruled Egypt, colonized Nubia and successfully invaded Ethiopia (to rescue hostages) but didn't hang around (General Napier's Magdala expedition, 1868).
Posted by rahotep101 (Member # 18764) on :
However, I don't mean to give the impression of not having respect for Ethiopia and it's culture and history. Like most Britons I would have been very much on the side of the gallant Ethiopians against the fascist Italians, for instance. (Britain played host to the exiled Haille Selasse).
Ancient Ethiopia also produced some great architecture, and preserved some sacred texts that were lost elsewhere, notably the Book of Enoch and the Book of Jubilees. I don't necessarily approve of Imperialism either. However I don't see anything worse about 19th Century English expansionism in Africa than about ancient Egyptian expansionism! The pharaohs behaved like Victorians, only lacking rifles.
Posted by rahotep101 (Member # 18764) on :
@the court Djehester Carthage was founded by Phoenicians from Lebanon, and the Egyptans probably had common ancestry with the Phoenicians in the vicinity of the Persian Gulf. Nubia was a deriviative culture from Egypt, or at least all the trappings of high civilization there post-date the Egyptian occupation. Ethiopia was oriented to the Semitic world. Few of the other cultures in Africa qualify as advanced civilizations.
Latin is far removed from Egyptian, though it owes something, deriving via Phoenician and Greek. The Greeks devised a vastly superior alphabet in terms of efficiency than that of the Egyptians. The Egyptians were not sorry to ditch their old, jumbled mixture of phonetic symbols, pictograms and ideograms in favour of a purely phonetic system based on Greek- which they did in the early centuries of the Christian era.
Big wow that the Chinese had exotic pets. The Plantagenet kings of medieval England also managed to get their hands on African wildlife, including a number of lions and an elephant, which were kept at the Tower of London.
Posted by rahotep101 (Member # 18764) on :
quote:Originally posted by Anglo_Pyramidologist: ''If you don't mind me asking what reasons would it serve not to discuss the British Empire'' =====
Self-hatred pushed by white liberals. These same white liberal freaks count the numbers of 'blacks' at cambridge and oxford and claim that there are not enough at cambridge/oxford and that the students there are too ''pasty white''.
- ''Cambridge college forced to change 'offensive' theme of May ball''
- '''Cambridge University has been accused of advocating slavery and racism yesterday by hosting a glamorous ball to celebrate the excesses of the British Empire''.
- ''David Cameron has raised hackles at Oxford University with a comment about its numbers of black students.
Speaking at a PM Direct event in North Yorkshire, he said: "I saw figures the other day that showed that only one black person went to Oxford last year. I think that is disgraceful. We have got to do better than that."''
The funny thing is the quote in the Guardian article about Britain going to war against the Boer 'tribe' in South Africa. The Boers were not a tribe but the descendants of Dutch settlers, they were whites and much more racist, generally, than the British! The ignorance of some people is astonishing.
Still it's not true that the Britiash Empire is not taught. I did a module on the British in India when I was at uni. Most of the academics I encountered were liberal and anti-imperialist. One, I remember, seemed to think that the hindus would have stopped burning their wives eventually if left to their own devices. Other historians (albeit academic exiles) are more positive about the legacy of empire, and condemn the self-flagellation over 'imperial guilt' prevalent in white liberal circles.
Posted by Just call me Jari (Member # 14451) on :
Where did I deny that the British Empire was great. Read my post I made it clear that the British became a Great empire in the 18-19th century after taking advantage of various lands and people and after the invention of Steam and the British Nautical Navigation(Which deserves credit). The point Im driving at is that Ethiopia developed on its own. Arabs did more harm than good, and the Sabeans would have looked no different than the Ave. Ethiopian.
[Isaiah 45:14] THUS SAITH THE LORD, THE LABOUR OF EGYPT, AND MERCHANDISE OF ETHIOPIA AND OF THE SABEANS, MEN OF STATURE, SHALL COME OVER UNTO THEE...
Sabeans Men of Stature..
quote:Originally posted by rahotep101:
quote:Originally posted by Just call me Jari:
quote:Originally posted by rahotep101:
quote:Originally posted by Just call me Jari: Rahotep Im still waiting on you to tell us what script Bede wrote the history of the English people in..?? You seem so insistant on devaluing the Ethiopian Geez literature despite it being a Complete African development. So please what script did Bede write in??
It was Latin, the language of Rome, the city that had already fallen to Germanic relations of the English in 410AD, and to Celtic relations of the Britons in 390 BC!
^^^^ So Bede wrote in Latin a script developed by Rome. While the Ethiopians wrote in Geez a Script developed by Ethiopians. Everything that Bede did was done by the sacred Empire Ethiopia ten fold. Ethiopian Axum in the 1st century was counted as 4 of the Great Empires with the likes of China and Byzantium. The Tin Isles only got that Title during the 19th Century after exploiting the Americans, Carribean, Africans, Indians, and Indo-Chinese and Chinese alike, and after the development of Steam.
It was the so called Arabs that Isolated and Invaded Ethiopia preventing her Growth to further greatness.
Yet and still despite Barbarics Stepping their dirty feet on the sacred soil of Ethiopia, she was still able to resist Colonialism, defeated the Italians and even began a process of Modernization.
Justice is a product of education. -H.I.M Hallie Selasse
Show Respect boy!!
What language are you going to reply in? What is the official language uniting Gambia, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi,Nambia Nigeria, Uganda and Swaziland, among others? Who gave Swahili its current latin alphabet? Not the Romans! The Tin Isle founded America, essentially ruled Egypt, colonized Nubia and successfully invaded Ethiopia (to rescue hostages) but didn't hang around (General Napier's Magdala expedition, 1868).
Posted by Just call me Jari (Member # 14451) on :
I know plenty of White Liberals. Although they do tend to favor non European culture esp. China I don't see any push to silence the history of the British Empire. I had one History Prof. Who was Liberal and one who was probably conservative but I can't say for sure. Both were great professors, The Non Liberal admitted outright that he was a "Western Apologist" and believed the West was the Best, I was really inspired in that class...When I took the other prof. considered me a Eurocentric, which Is funny because I never took Ancient History with him, If I did I can be he would call me a Egyptcentrist.
Anyway I don't see why you guys keep complaining about White Liberals anyway, they have a choice to like other cultures besides the British.
But I doubt Cambridge and other London Universities have stopped teaching the British Empire, thats absurd, The British Empire is important to History and Im a Progessive Democrat.
BTW, What I don't get is all the Whites who defend Islam. Don't they know that Muslims were enslaving their people in Turkey and North Africa, same with blacks...makes no damn sense IMO.
quote:Originally posted by rahotep101:
quote:Originally posted by Anglo_Pyramidologist: ''If you don't mind me asking what reasons would it serve not to discuss the British Empire'' =====
Self-hatred pushed by white liberals. These same white liberal freaks count the numbers of 'blacks' at cambridge and oxford and claim that there are not enough at cambridge/oxford and that the students there are too ''pasty white''.
- ''Cambridge college forced to change 'offensive' theme of May ball''
- '''Cambridge University has been accused of advocating slavery and racism yesterday by hosting a glamorous ball to celebrate the excesses of the British Empire''.
- ''David Cameron has raised hackles at Oxford University with a comment about its numbers of black students.
Speaking at a PM Direct event in North Yorkshire, he said: "I saw figures the other day that showed that only one black person went to Oxford last year. I think that is disgraceful. We have got to do better than that."''
The funny thing is the quote in the Guardian article about Britain going to war against the Boer 'tribe' in South Africa. The Boers were not a tribe but the descendants of Dutch settlers, they were whites and much more racist, generally, than the British! The ignorance of some people is astonishing.
Still it's not true that the Britiash Empire is not taught. I did a module on the British in India when I was at uni. Most of the academics I encountered were liberal and anti-imperialist. One, I remember, seemed to think that the hindus would have stopped burning their wives eventually if left to their own devices. Other historians (albeit academic exiles) are more positive about the legacy of empire, and condemn the self-flagellation over 'imperial guilt' prevalent in white liberal circles.
Posted by Anglo_Pyramidologist (Member # 18853) on :
''Anyway I don't see why you guys keep complaining about White Liberals anyway, they have a choice to like other cultures besides the British.'' ====
Because they have turned Britain into a third-world. Have you ever been to London? According to the demographics, white British are now under 40% of the population. All our major cities have been colonised by immigrants.
view the comments on the video.
Posted by Just call me Jari (Member # 14451) on :
^^^ How have White Liberals turned Britian into the third world?? Im not familliar with the history of British Politics but I can assure you conservatives are as much to blame for Immigration as any Liberal. Is not Britian under control of Conservative "Torries" again Im not familiar with British Politics.
In America Conservatives are just as much to blame for Rising Immigration as Liberals. Conservatives here have been outsourcing Jobs and giving tax breaks to these outsourcing companies.
However I think the English need to get a handle on Immigration esp. Islamic Immigration. History shows what happends when a non Muslim nation becomes Muslim. Esp. with most British and europeans are Atheist and Xtian. Look at what the Turks did to the Armenians, look at what they did to the Hagia Sophia, The Copts, The Bhudda Statue etc. Muslim complain about discrimination yet they are the most discriminating Religion in history. All Non Muslims are persecuted when they are the majority.
Islam is probably the biggest threat to Western Civilization.
Posted by Just call me Jari (Member # 14451) on :
Besides Immigration is inevitable, with the Dawn of Industrialization and Globalization you have to be crazy to think you can stop Immigration esp. to Europe from Poor nations. Europeans Migrated En Masse to places like America, Canada, New Zealand, Australia, and Argintina. And now you are all mad because people are doing the samething your forefathers did.
Also the British Empire became powerful by exploiting the lands and resources of the people now Immigrating to London. Conservatives are worried about making a Dollar they could care less about Immigration.
I can understand why you are worried but thats life. You guys cant stop immigration unless you resort to drastic measures that involves discrimination and violence, which goes against what Modern Western Civilization should stand for.
The biggest problem the British face is getting a handle on Immigration without violent measures. Lucky for you your Education system is not in the drain unlike in America.
Posted by Djehuti (Member # 6698) on :
quote:Originally posted by DaDum1_01: @the court Djehester Carthage was founded by Phoenicians from Lebanon, and the Egyptans probably had common ancestry with the Phoenicians in the vicinity of the Persian Gulf. Nubia was a deriviative culture from Egypt, or at least all the trappings of high civilization there post-date the Egyptian occupation. Ethiopia was oriented to the Semitic world. Few of the other cultures in Africa qualify as advanced civilizations.
You're right about Carthage, but what of the others?? Nubia was NOT a derivative of Egypt, in fact the exact opposite could be said-- Egypt was a derivative of Nubia, specifically Ta-Seti since Ta-Seti civilization was centuries older and the institute of pharaoh along with its iconography and proto-hieroglyphs were found there 1st! We've shown you this many times before but apparently you have comprehension issues. Also Egypt was as equally Nilotic as is Nubia so your point about Egypt vs. Nubia is null. As for Ethiopia, its roots lie completely in Africa. What "Semitic world"?? Semitic is a language group. In fact the Semitic languages of Ethiopia are very much divergent from those of Arabia suggesting that their language and script is not derived from Arabs! Everything else about their ancient culture shows that are indigenous and descend from the older kingdom of Dmt which probably was a descendant of far older cultures like the Punt of Egyptian texts! No archaeologists nowadays claim they are anything other than African as they do with Egypt! As for the other cultures in Africa... Exactly how do they not qualify as advanced cultures?? Last time I checked, even European explorers were astounded and impressed by them though the colonial rulers of the day wanted to suppress such writings in favor of the "primitive" "savage" Africans for obvious propaganda purposes. Also many (white) Western scholars from V. Gordon Childe to Basil Davidson tended to disagree as well since archaeology and ethnology shows such systems of advanced culture were in place in Sub-Sahara long before they were in most of pre-Roman Europe! Hence, the very need of Euronuts even crazier than you to make them "caca-soid" or as they say nowadays "Eurasian"!! So quit with the white supremacist b.s. and denials!
quote:Latin is far removed from Egyptian, though it owes something, deriving via Phoenician and Greek. The Greeks devised a vastly superior alphabet in terms of efficiency than that of the Egyptians. The Egyptians were not sorry to ditch their old, jumbled mixture of phonetic symbols, pictograms and ideograms in favour of a purely phonetic system based on Greek- which they did in the early centuries of the Christian era.
Moron. I didn't say the latin language but the alphabet. Yes the Greeks revised it, but they didn't invent it but adopted it from Phoenicians who in turn adopted it from Egyptians.
quote:Big wow that the Chinese had exotic pets. The Plantagenet kings of medieval England also managed to get their hands on African wildlife, including a number of lions and an elephant, which were kept at the Tower of London.
You obviously missed the point that China was engaged in economic trade with Sub-Saharan Africa long before they had relations with Europeans. It was more than just a pet-trade, you fool. African gold, ebony, etc. were traded. And Europe's economy before the advent of Columbus was also stimulated by gold from Africa since about 80% of it came from there.
Posted by Anglo_Pyramidologist (Member # 18853) on :
''Besides Immigration is inevitable, with the Dawn of Industrialization and Globalization you have to be crazy to think you can stop Immigration esp. to Europe from Poor nations. Europeans Migrated En Masse to places like America, Canada, New Zealand, Australia, and Argintina. And now you are all mad because people are doing the samething your forefathers did.'' ===========
Korea, Japan and vast parts of Asia are 99.9% homogenous, they have no immigration problems and they reject a multicultural society.
The West (especially Europe) however has experimented with multiculturalism (and multiracialism) which has been a disaster. The white native Britons are now a minority in virtually all of their major cities. Can you ever imagine the same happening in Japan?
London, Glasgow etc are an embarrassment. In fact i have heard this directly from Chinese tourists who traveled to UK, and instead of seeing British people & culture they ended up seeing nothing but blacks, asians etc.
''In Tower Hamlets, 15 per cent of primary school pupils are classed as white British, while 63 per cent of their classmates come from Bangladeshi families''
''798,110 pupils in England's state schools do not speak English as their first language''
''Sharp increase in immigration combined with higher birth rates among newcomers to UK is set to make white Britons a minority in many towns and cities within 30 years, a study has said''
^^^^ The difference between Japan, Korea, and China is that they have a large population density, they don't need Immigration. Europe on the other hand has seen a population decrease which is why Immigration is being encouraged. It has nothing to do with Liberals or Conservatives or Multiculturalism. I can guarentee the Conservatives are behind Immigration as any liberal because Immigration benefits the economy esp. when te native population is seeing such a decease in population density. And Japan and China are becoming more Multicultural but as I said they have a large Dense population so they don't need any alot of immigration.
Posted by TruthAndRights (Member # 17346) on :
oh cry me a friggin river...bout...
and I say again-
...give up people....give up....the world knows there are a few of you, accept that you are a rarity and shut up- nobody has sympathy for you....
'white' people: the True global minority....
Posted by KING (Member # 9422) on :
All I can say in this thread is that People are People.
Some Good some bad.
You hope that immigration to Europe comes with freedom....but it does not always work out that way.
With how Wired in is everything these days...News has become pure entertainment. Peoples lives are broadcast so people can read and take pics from their phones. Sadly the way this world is Going.....God can't come quick enough for me. Until that fatefull day that man meets his creator, We have to respect the people and allow them to work in Jobs that their skills could help the people in the country they are in.
It should not matter whether Black or White, Indian or Chinese. The people most helpfull to the population should be allowed to immigrate.
People are people regardless of colour...Respect must be layed out and people should be allowed to move around this Earth freely.
Peace
Posted by zarahan- aka Enrique Cardova (Member # 15718) on :
ANglo-pyr wrote:
Korea, Japan and vast parts of Asia are 99.9% homogenous, they have no immigration problems and they reject a multicultural society.
No, Korea and Japan are not "99.9%" homogenous. You can't even get simple math straight.. Almost 2% of the people in Japan are non-Japanese, most of those being Koreans. So much for your "precise" figure of 99.9%. In China, the dominant Han Chinese population is about 91%- again, NOT your bogus "99.9%". See rewferences in Wiki articles on these subjects. And your notion of some sort of homogenous "paradise" is much less than advertised. The "homogeneous" Japanese are mass murderers of the first order, as their history in World War II shows. They are also pretty good at suicide and producing soft to medium core child pornography. The same goes for your oh so good "homogenous" China, not only a leader in mass slaughter on a titanic scale, but the greatest abortionists on the planet by volume, a "leader" in infanticide for centuries, and a totalitarian dictatorship as well. If you love these places so much, why haven't you moved there to enjoy "homogenization"?
The West (especially Europe) however has experimented with multiculturalism (and multiracialism) which has been a disaster. The white native Britons are now a minority in virtually all of their major cities.
You incompetent. White Britons are not a "minority" in their major cities. The non-white ethnic minority population of London in 2001 was just over 2 million or 29 per cent. (Chris Hamnett (2003). "Unequal city: London in the global arena".) You simply do not know what you are talking about.
And "the West" has always had plenty of "multiculturalism." The Western Roman Empire contained numerous ethnic groups from Egypt to Palestine, to parts of what is now Turkey. Alexander the Great himself attempted a "racial" fusion with some Asiatic groups. And Britain aside from its multicultural empire has been complaining about "undesirable" immigrants for centuries before todays Pakis, Jamaicans etc. In the 1800s the white Irish had a lot of immigration to England and were viewed unfavorably by the natives for having an alien culture, and were even considered by many English to be a different race altogether. Tens of thousands of these white Irish were deported as undesirable aliens, and many simply found new ways to sneak back across the border. In short immigrants of different cultural backgrounds have been around for centuries in Britain. They are nothing special. (see: Irish migrants in Britain, 1815-1914: a documentary history. By Roger Swift 2002)
London, Glasgow etc are an embarrassment. In fact i have heard this directly from Chinese tourists who traveled to UK, and instead of seeing British people & culture they ended up seeing nothing but blacks, asians etc.
What you have allegedly "heard" simply exposes you as yet another ignoramus.
Posted by Just call me Jari (Member # 14451) on :
Zarahan you sum it up well. It is rather irrational the anger people pose at Immigration but at the same time the population is decresing(Thus demanding more Immigration). No one is forcing native Britons and other Euros to have less babies they do so willingly.
Also this whole whining about "Multiculturalism" if anything European Empires are the Epitomy of Multicultralism.
Greece, Rome, even the British Empire Rah and Anglo Pyramid love to brag about was "Multicultural" taking advantage of Africans, Indians, and Natives of the Americas. Why do you think all these "Immigrants" are going to Britian in the first place..??
I think Anglo Pyramid would be hardpressed to find an advanced European Empire that was not Multicultural is some way.
Posted by zarahan- aka Enrique Cardova (Member # 15718) on :
^^Indeed. They were always "multicultural". Matter of fact Europe itself was peopled by "multiculturalism" via the OOA migrants and their movement thru the Middle East on into Europe. Even more ironic, Europeans themselves are hybrids as we have seen several times on ES- 1/3 African and 2/3s Asian according to their own conservative geneticists.
Posted by Brada-Anansi (Member # 16371) on :
He spends a lot of time assailing "Afrocentrists" while attempting to minimize as much as possible the data showing the AEs were tropically adapted Africans. By 1999, when he wrote his book, he had the substantial cranial, limb proportion, cultural and even initial DNA data on file. He minimizes all, then in a veiled way, finally, grudgingly admits the truth when he has to deal with Keita's data. From Zarahan Read more: http://egyptsearchreloaded.proboards.com/index.cgi?board=bag&action=display&thread=699#ixzz1NMsQPfy3 Btw was it you who made a thread or posted on some busted Eurocentric admitted blatantly lying about the African read Blk make up of Kemet to one of his posters a fellow Euro-centrist who got so distraught he/she exposed him I am looking for that post that was excellent could you repost it please.
Posted by rahotep101 (Member # 18764) on :
quote:Originally posted by Just call me Jari: BTW, What I don't get is all the Whites who defend Islam. Don't they know that Muslims were enslaving their people in Turkey and North Africa, same with blacks...makes no damn sense IMO.
Totally agree there. The term 'useful iodiots' springs to mind. Liberals defend Islam, it seems to me, because so-called conservative westerners condemn it, and they (apologists for Islam on the left) see a common cause against America and all it stands for. They seem to miss the point that Islam is itself right-wing, illiberal, aggressively imperialistic and reactionary. It is all the things the liberal left profess to hate when done by whites.
Posted by rahotep101 (Member # 18764) on :
quote:Originally posted by Brada-Anansi:
He spends a lot of time assailing "Afrocentrists" while attempting to minimize as much as possible the data showing the AEs were tropically adapted Africans. By 1999, when he wrote his book, he had the substantial cranial, limb proportion, cultural and even initial DNA data on file. He minimizes all, then in a veiled way, finally, grudgingly admits the truth when he has to deal with Keita's data. From Zarahan Read more: http://egyptsearchreloaded.proboards.com/index.cgi?board=bag&action=display&thread=699#ixzz1NMsQPfy3 Btw was it you who made a thread or posted on some busted Eurocentric admitted blatantly lying about the African read Blk make up of Kemet to one of his posters a fellow Euro-centrist who got so distraught he/she exposed him I am looking for that post that was excellent could you repost it please.
Indigenous Africans are not necessarily black people... This is the crux of the matter, and the fact most flagrantly ignored by afrocentrists... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berber_people Posted by Just call me Jari (Member # 14451) on :
So True. This is something that turns me off to alot of Liberals. Like "The Young Turks" show Cenk is a Muslim Apologist. He rarely if ever critisizes Islam because he is a former Muslim. I must admit as a former devout Xtian I have a bias for Xtianity though.
Anyway it baffels me how alot of these Liberals many of whom are Atheist defend Islam. Seriously if they were living in a Muslim Majority state they would be the first to be discriminated against. Like you said I think its only a reaction to the Right, because the Right speaks the Truth about Islam.
I had a debate with one of my Liberal friends who is an atheist, and he kept saying that Islam is the same as Xtianity 200 yrs ago, and that Muslims will become more civilized etc. I asked him if they would ever live as an atheist in a Muslim society, of course he was silent.
On the flip side conservatives are notorious for their defense of Israel and Zionism. Also Conservatives if they had their choice would install the Levitical Laws. This turns me off to conservatives like Alan West who tells the truth on Islam but is a pawn for Israel. The Levitical Laws are just as barbaric and backward as Sharia Law.
I think there should be a new movement against both Islam and Zionism and any religion trying to push their 2000 year old laws on modern society.
quote:Originally posted by rahotep101:
quote:Originally posted by Just call me Jari: BTW, What I don't get is all the Whites who defend Islam. Don't they know that Muslims were enslaving their people in Turkey and North Africa, same with blacks...makes no damn sense IMO.
Totally agree there. The term 'useful iodiots' springs to mind. Liberals defend Islam, it seems to me, because so-called conservative westerners condemn it, and they (apologists for Islam on the left) see a common cause against America and all it stands for. They seem to miss the point that Islam is itself right-wing, illiberal, aggressively imperialistic and reactionary. It is all the things the liberal left profess to hate when done by whites.
Posted by Brada-Anansi (Member # 16371) on :
Jeri
quote: So True. This is something that turns me off to alot of Liberals. Like "The Young Turks" show Cenk is a Muslim Apologist. He rarely if ever critisizes Islam because he is a former Muslim. I must admit as a former devout Xtian I have a bias for Xtianity though.
Really??? I have seen him criticized Muslims all the time especially fundamentalist what he insist on is equal treatment for Muslims he is not too big on fundamentalism of any kind
^^^^ LOL Dude you just proved my point, in that video he claims that people who think Saudia Arabia represents Islam is an Insult to Islam...WTF, You fucking serious Saudia Arabia is a Muslim Paradise ...You just proved Cenk is a Muslim Apologist. You know god damn well if that was a Fundamentalist Xtian he would be bashing Xtianity that whole video, and would never say something like that.
As much as he critisizes Christianity he never uses the same venom for Islam. Like I said him and alot of Left are Muslim Apologists. He is a Hypocrite, fat f-king Turk taking advantage of Western Civilization like his barbaric Turk forfathers begging the to be part of the European Union. At the same time opressing other religions but complaining and whining about discrimination in the West.
People in Glass houses should not throw stones. Any discrimination against Muslims is nothing compared to what they do to Non Muslims. Hell I doubt there are Atheists in places like Sudan, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, and Yemen or even Turkey.
Posted by Calabooz' (Member # 18238) on :
quote:Indigenous Africans are not necessarily black people... This is the crux of the matter, and the fact most flagrantly ignored by afrocentrists...
The Berber's are a hybrid population that arose from admixture between East Africans and Eurasians giving them an intermediate genetic structure. The Nile Valley on the other hand was populated by East Africans but did not experience significant gene flow with Eurasia until the New Kingdom onwards. Hence the reason why you see continuity from the predynastic to the New Kingdom but then discontinuity afterwards.
So the Egyptians were indigenous Africans with the greatest morphological resemblance to more southern groups and can thus be considered saharo-tropical variants
Posted by Djehuti (Member # 6698) on :
^ Indeed.
quote:Originally posted by DaDumb1_01: Indigenous Africans are not necessarily black people... This is the crux of the matter, and the fact most flagrantly ignored by afrocentrists... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berber_people
LOL Actually what you say is the lie that is deliberately propagated by Eurocentrists.
FACT 1. Most of Africa is tropical with some portions being subtropical.
FACT 2. Because of the following fact above there is no such thing as indigenous whites.
FACT 3. Berber strictly speaking is a culturo-linguistic group and it is a fallacy to identify Berber with whites only since a good portion of Berber peoples are still black just as the original proto-Berbers were, since Berber is indigenous to Africa and Facts 1 & 2. stated above.
FACT 4. The only reason for the existence of lighter skinned or even 'white' types in Africa is due to immigrations from Europe and elsewhere across the Mediterranean. It's funny how when blacks are found in North Africa they are assumed to be recent arrivals from "Sub-Sahara" but never the whites who are descendants of European slaves etc.
Thus the whole notion of white indigenes collapses.
Posted by Djehuti (Member # 6698) on :
Berbers 1
Berbers 2
Which group of Berbers suffers from higher rates of sunburn and skin cancer in North Africa, Group 1 or Group 2??
Which is more indigenous to North Africa, Group 1 or Group 2??
Posted by the lioness (Member # 17353) on :
quote:Originally posted by Djehuti:
FACT 1. Most of Africa is tropical with some portions being subtropical.
note: the 30th parallel latitude passes through the middle of Iran. It also passes through:
Egypt, Libya and Algeria
lp
Posted by TruthAndRights (Member # 17346) on :
quote:Originally posted by Djehuti: ^ Indeed.
quote:Originally posted by DaDumb1_01: Indigenous Africans are not necessarily black people... This is the crux of the matter, and the fact most flagrantly ignored by afrocentrists... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berber_people
LOL Actually what you say is the lie that is deliberately propagated by Eurocentrists.
FACT 1. Most of Africa is tropical with some portions being subtropical.
FACT 2. Because of the following fact above there is no such thing as indigenous whites.
FACT 3. Berber strictly speaking is a culturo-linguistic group and it is a fallacy to identify Berber with whites only since a good portion of Berber peoples are still black just as the original proto-Berbers were, since Berber is indigenous to Africa and Facts 1 & 2. stated above.
FACT 4. The only reason for the existence of lighter skinned or even 'white' types in Africa is due to immigrations from Europe and elsewhere across the Mediterranean. It's funny how when blacks are found in North Africa they are assumed to be recent arrivals from "Sub-Sahara" but never the whites who are descendants of European slaves etc.
Thus the whole notion of white indigenous collapses.
besides being very humerous...
Posted by zarahan- aka Enrique Cardova (Member # 15718) on :
Originally posted by Brada:
quote:From Zarahan Read more: http://egyptsearchreloaded.proboards.com/index.cgi?board=bag&action=display&thread=699#ixzz1NMsQPfy3 Btw was it you who made a thread or posted on some busted Eurocentric admitted blatantly lying about the African read Blk make up of Kemet to one of his posters a fellow Euro-centrist who got so distraught he/she exposed him I am looking for that post that was excellent could you repost it please.
Brada, can't remember where that one is. Only thing I can think of is White Nord lying about the dates of various studies. There are a lot better rebuttals done by ES vets though. But I think the link below may be the one that you are referring to:
Originally posted by White Nord: 1) Let me get this straight, you’re having issues with the date and not the content? Ok just wanted to make sureeee! ‘Cause correcting the date does not change the content.
No matter what bogus date you choose, your still fail, and you have already been debunked on the content. Why are you still running away from your earlier lies in this thread, where you put more recent dates on one of your outmoded studies, trying to pas it off as more recent as everyone saw in the link below? You make a fetish out of “more recent” dates. It is obvious that you were trying to pad the study dates so you could continue this deception. No one is being fooled ace. See: http://www.egyptsearch.com/forums/ultimatebb.cgi?ubb=get_topic;f=15;t=001736;p=2
Nord always claims more "recent" studies show white Egypt and Africa, than is why he falsified the dates on the old ones above, and was caught out in a lie...
2) Now let's look at your bogus claim #2- claim calling such people as the Hausa "white":
“We study the major levels of Y-chromosome haplogroup variation in 15 Sudanese populations by typing major Y-haplogroups in 445 unrelated males representing the three linguistic families in Sudan. Our analysis shows Sudanese populations fall into haplogroups A, B, E, F, I, J, K, and R in frequencies of 16.9, 7.9, 34.4, 3.1, 1.3, 22.5, 0.9, and 13% respectively…. haplogroups F, I, J, K, and R are more frequent among Afro-Asiatic speaking groups including Arabs, Beja, Copts, and Hausa, and Niger-Congo speakers from the Fulani ethnic group…. haplogroups F-M89, I-M170, J-12f2, and J2-M172 were found to be more frequent in the Afro-Asiatic speaking groups.” (“Y-Chromosome Variatio LOL your comprehension sills are as hideous as your arithmetic. How does 24.8% negroid outweigh the 75.2% non-negroid? LOL dunce and this is not even discussing mtdna! There are Caucasian haplogroups represented in Sudan and surrounding Beja, Copts, Hausa, Fulani. Ironic that the very ones that are “Afro Asiatic” have these Caucasian haplogroups which indicates that Caucasians brought the language into Africa. “haplogroups F, I, J, K, and R are more frequent among Afro-Asiatic speaking groups”
I think its both your comprehension and math skills that need a workout "Nord". You play another bogus game, defining a host of African groups as 'Caucasian" so you can do your little "white math." That won't work. The overall weight is still African, and that includes Haplogroup E.
Nord loses again...
3) Now let's take your bogus claim #3- where you assert that the Afro Asiatic languages were brought into Africa by white people.
- "Ironic that the very ones that are “Afro Asiatic” have these Caucasian haplogroups which indicates that Caucasians brought the language into Africa. “haplogroups F, I, J, K, and R are more frequent among Afro-Asiatic speaking groups” "
Nord you fail again. Almost all of the Afro Asiatic languages originated in Africa. There was no need for your fantasy 'Caucasoids" to bring them. Respected mainstream scholars destroy your claim as follows:
"the peoples of the steppes and grasslands to the immediate south of Egypt domesticated cattle, as early as 9000 to 8000 B.C. They included peoples from the Afro-Asiastic linguistic group and the second major African language family, Nilo-Saharan (Wendorf, Schild, Close 1984; Wendorf, et al. 1982). -- Christopher Ehret, "Ancient Egyptian as an African Language, Egypt as an African Culture," in Egypt in Africa, Theodore Celenko (ed), Indiana University Press, 1996, pp. 25-27
".. the Horn of Africa certainly contributed more recently to the Near East, because based on linguistic re- construction and the principles of "least moves" and "greatest diversity." It is the geographical home of the ancestor of Afro-Asiatic languages, spoken primarily in Africa with one member in the Near East (Semitic) (Ehret 1984, 1995; Ruhlen 1987). Early Afro-Asiatic spread out from the Horn and did not come into Africa from Asia (brought by "Caucasians") as was believed at one time, and as is occasionally assumed by non-linguists (e.g., Barbujani and Pilastro 1993; Cavalli-Sforza and Cavalli-Sforza 1995). In fact, there is evidence for movement out of Africa at the very time some claim in-migration (Bar-Josef 1987). By the time of the radiation of Afro-Asiatic speakers there was already genetic differentiation in Africa due to African biohistorical processes. There is no need to postulate massive European settler colonization of Africa or genetic swamping and/or settler colonization by Eurasians, as is implied or stated in some contemporary genetic work (Cavalli-Sforza et al. 1994), echoing the now defunct Hamitic hypothesis. Continental African variation may be interpreted largely without external mass invasions. The antiquity of modern humans in Africa means that there has been time to accumulate a large amount of random genetic variation (Cavalli-Sforza et. al. 1983), which has been shaped by great ecological diversity in the continent (Hiernaux 1975). Genetic drift would also contribute to variability due to fluctuations in population size as founder effects and population expansion events occurred throughout the continent. Therefore it is far more accurate to speak of a range of biohistorical African variants than different races of Africans. Northern Africans are more accurately conceptualized as primarily the products of differentiation than of hybridization." --( S.O.Y. Keita and R. Kittles. The Persistence of Racial Thinking and the Myth of Racial Divergence, S. O. Y. Keita, Rick A. Kittles, American Anthropologist, New Series, Vol. 99, No. 3 (Sep., 1997), pp. 534-544)
Nord loses again...
4) Now lets look at your bogus claim #4- the Ethiopians as "white"
On your bogus claim - further white Ethiopians: ”The apportionment of individuals (the average per-individual proportion of ancestry) from each of the eight populations into the four structure-defined clusters broadly corresponds to four geographical areas: Western Eurasia, Sub-Saharan Africa, China and New Guinea. Notably, 62% of the Ethiopians fall in the first cluster, which encompasses the majority of the Jews, Norwegians and Armenians, indicating that placement of these individuals in a ‘Black’ cluster would be an inaccurate reflection of the genetic structure. Only 24% of the Ethiopians are placed in the cluster with the Bantu and most of the Afro-Caribbeans....” (J.F. Wilson et al. Nature Genetics 29:265-269, 2001)
Claims of a "Caucasoid" Ethiopia via Wilson are contradicted by Passarino 1998, Cavalli-Sforza 1997 and Richards 2003, all of which show Ethiopians to cluster primarily with other African groups. As to claims re Wilson's Nordic-Ethiopian match, his sampling methods under-represented the majority Oromo. So much for your "Aryan" Ethiopians.
sorry 'Nord'...
Now let's look at your "recent study" fetish:
"That’s a lie, Wilsons 2001 study came AFTER Passarinno 1998 and Cavalli-Sforza 1997 so how could they “contradict” it?
Nord, nord.. sigh.... Just because one study comes after another does not make the later study "true". Must we AGAIN explain such elementary matters to you?
And another bogus claim by you: the Ethiopian gene pool also embraces a considerable component indicative of admixture with populations of Arabian and/or Near Eastern origin (Cavalli-Sforza 1997; Passarino et al., 1998; Thomas et al. 2000; Cruciani et al. 2004; Luis et al. 2004).” (Ethiopian Mitochondrial DNA Heritage: Tracking Gene Flow Across and Around the Gate of Tears Toomas Kivisild et al., 2004) It says what it says and there is nothing you Afronuts can do. Every single study shows Ethiopians and Somalis to be more Caucasoid than negroid…
Nord your own studies that you quoted so much on ES over time debunk you. We all know Ethiopians had some gene low from elsewhere over the eras of their long history but your own Cavalli-Sforza studies show the Ethiopians at 60% African., and that’s using the old-fashioned “true negro” model Cavalli-Sdforza uses. Why are you trying to backtrack now?
5) Now lets look at your bogus claim #5- the Somalis as white.
Right off the bat the “study” above lacks credibility on the topic of African population history. The PDF is about 2 pages listing no tables or charts, or a breakdown of the sample. It does not reference any previous work in the field. Note the authors statement" "The results are consistent with hypothesis, supported by cultural and historical evidence, of common origin of the Somali population.” The only thing is that they have nothing on Somali population history at all, just a description of the tests they ran. This thin reed would not pass peer review by credible anthropologists. Maybe that is why it is in a Blood transfusion journal. But in any event 2 things further undermine it for those claiming "white Somalis":
a)) We all know Somalis have had recent gene flow, from Arabs for example, particularly near the coast. The author above however curiously posts no breakdown of his sample, as is common in studies of other scholars in the field. Hammer 1997 for example in his sample admits that they were all drawn from the far north, near Cairo. This should already tell us how shaky the above “Somali research’ is when they hide their sampling detail.
b))) Second, it is undermined by much more credible studies in the field, which address the issues directly with standard DNA markers. They found that Somalis link more closely with other Africans than Europeans or Middle Easterners. Of course Nord will say ooooohhh, since the dubious “study” above was done in 2006 it must “supercede” anything before, lol… just as how Hilter’s Mein kampf “supercedes” all that was humane and democratic about Germany before he came to power. But this approach is typical of racist neo-nazis like Nord. Much more credible studies place the Somalis closer to Africans.
Nord again loses...
6) Now lets look at your bogus claim #6- the Ethiopians as white again. You post a quote from Bosch, but it already fails in how you try to use it:
[QUOTE] “An extensive bibliographic search was conducted to compile all available data on allele frequencies for classical genetic polymorphisms referring to North African populations. The data were then synthesized to reconstruct the population's demographic history using principal components analysis and genetic distances represented by neighbor-joining trees. Both analyses identified an east-west pattern of genetic variation in northern Africa pointing to the differentiation between the Berber and Arab population groups of the northwest and the populations of Libya and Egypt. Libya and Egypt are also the smallest genetic distances away from European populations. Demic diffusion during the Neolithic period could explain the genetic similarity between northeast Africa and Europe through a parallel process of gene flow from the Near East , but a Mesolithic or older differentiation of the populations into the northwestern regions with later limited gene flow is needed to understand this genetic picture. Mauritanians, Tuaregs, and south Algerian Berbers, the most isolated groups, were the most differentiated, while Arab speakers overall are closer to Egyptians and Libyans. The genetic contribution of sub-Saharan Africa appears to be small .” (Population History of North Africa: Evidence from Classical Genetic Markers” Bosch et al. 2005)
you lose again “Nord”… and the study you quote is from 1997, not 2005- you lied and padded the study dates to make it appear more recent.. busted!
7) now lets look at your bogus claim #7- saying that Keita found so-called European metrics…
Even Keita states that “European metric phenotypes, as well intermediate patterns, are found in mid-Holocene Maghreb sites” is Keita being deceitful? Or are you reatards just cherry picking quotes and manipulating them to suit your racist agendas since after all that is what Afrocentrics are good at.
Of course Keita found European metrics but this still does not make your white Egypt claim for two reasons. First the genetic diversity of Africa is so much black populations can show “European” metrics in skulls as part of their built in diversity. Second, you talk about “cherry pickin’ but you conveniently forget to put in the rest of what Keita said. He said that overall, the weight of the data was with Africans. In other studies he also mentions limb proportion studies which show the main cluster is with dark-skinned Africans not whites or Middle easterners, and that includes even northern Egyptians.
Again you fail… “Nord”…
8) Now let’s look at your bogus claim #8- where you use lactose tolerance to claim a “white” North Africa:
We found that the frequency of the -13910T allele predicts the frequency of lactose tolerance in several Eurasian and North African Berber populations but not in most sub-Saharan African populations. Our analyses suggest that contemporary Berber populations possess the genetic signature of a past migration of pastoralists from the Middle East and that they share a dairying origin with Europeans and Asians, but not with sub-Saharan Africans. (“Genetic evidence in support of a shared Eurasian-North African dairying origin” 2005)
The above study can only speak for its sample really because lactose tolerance is old news in Africa. It was developed independently in Africa as noted by recent DNA studies and the link below long ago on ES. So again you fail.
‘North Africa” by the way includes massive parts of Mail, Chad, Niger and the Sudan so any attempts to paint it “white” also fail. Anyone can show some Eurasian gene flow into the region, and we all know it happened, but that doesn’t make North Africa “white”. For decades North Africa has been defined as including Chad, Mali, Niger and the Northern Sudan. The only way you can sustain a “white” north Africa is to conveniently exclude these areas, as well as selectively define away various African peoples as “non african”, but no one is being fooled ace..
here’s a quote from a vaunted “MORE RECENT” report on DNA studies, lol..
A research team led by Dr. Sarah Tishkoff of the University of Maryland has now solved much of the puzzle. After testing for lactose tolerance and genetic makeup among 43 ethnic groups in East Africa, she and her colleagues have found three new mutations, all independent of one another and of the European mutation, that keep the lactase gene permanently switched on. The principal mutation, found among Nilo-Saharan-speaking ethnic groups of Kenya and Tanzania, arose 2,700 to 6,800 years ago, according to genetic estimates, Dr. Tishkoff’s group reports today in the journal Nature Genetics. This fits well with archaeological evidence suggesting that pastoral peoples from the north reached northern Kenya about 4,500 years ago and southern Kenya and Tanzania 3,300 years ago.” Lactose Tolerance in East Africa Points to Recent Evolution By NICHOLAS WADE, NY Times Science 2006
oooooohhhhhhhhhh…… 2006 study data “supercedes” your 2005 study
Brada, I know which post you're talking about. It was by astenb. I'll look for it
Posted by zarahan- aka Enrique Cardova (Member # 15718) on :
^^Maybe you can run it down. Here's the remainder of the old White Nord lying thread:
9)) Now lets take your bogus claim #9- a few sub-Saharans at an oasis means a “white Egypt” lol
“since Roman times, gene flow from the Sub-Saharan region has affected gene frequencies of individuals from the oasis.”( “Research on ancient DNA in the Near East” Mateusz Baca, Martyna Molak 2008) Regardless of the date, all the studies consistently show that sub-saharan dna appears to be small and the Molak study was just completed last year! There is NO WAY you Afronuts can refute this, so you bitch about an incorrect date. It doesn’t negate the fact, AFRONUT.
Lol.. Is this all you got ‘Nerd”? what’s there to ‘refute”? All your precious oasis study shows is that, to quote the study: “since Roman times, gene flow from the Sub-Saharan region has affected gene frequencies of individuals from the oasis.” Lol… this is earth shattering? That a minor oasis saw some sub-Saharan gene flow? Lol
10) Now let’s take a look at your miscellaneous claims re “white Africa’:
The peopling of northern Africa appears to be conditioned by the barriers imposed to the north by the Mediterranean Sea and to the south by the Sahara Desert, which constrains human movement to an east-west direction. The harsh landscape, in which mountainous areas are surrounded by arid extensions, favors a dispersed, fragmented pattern of of human settlement… Demic diffusion of Neolithic populations from the Fertile Crescent is thought to have homogenized the genetic composition of the European populations (Cavalli-Sforza et al. 1993, 1994), and it created a major southeast to northwest gradient (Sokal et al. 1991)… population replacement during the Neolithic from the Levant could explain the genetic similarity between Libya, Egypt, and the European populations.” (Population history of North Africa: Evidence from classical genetic markers” Human Biology; Bosch, E; Calafell, F; Perez-Lezaun, et al 2005)
The only thing wrong your “white Egypt” and “white Africa” claim based on this text is that the Sahara was not always a desert. It was a well watered greenbelt in various eras and in various areas, and populations moved back and forth. So the vaunted “East-West movement blockage” is a limited claim indeed. Also your passage says nothing about any Cakazoids taking over North Africa- it says ”thought to have homogenized the genetic composition of the European populations.” It says nothing about a white North Africa. It confines itself to the Europeanized populations that had moved in and what some scholars "thought." Your own source once again undermines you claim Ace. When did Chad Niger, Mali, or the Sudan become “white” in your passage? Most of these areas are above the Sahara and have historically been classified as “North Africa”. Again you fail. As for more recent references: here’s one that is gasp, MORE RECENT than your 2005 reference, and it disputes the alleged population replacement theory. Oooooohhhhhhh… more recent Ace….
^^look Nerd look.. recent 2008 date on data from Keita... doesn't it "supercede" your stuff? lol
11) On your "White Fulani" mix claims:
" that “diversity” you speak so strongly all the time is in reality Caucasian dna that penetrated into deep Africa. Why it shows there is Western Eurasian dna in Fulani yet you insist this is natural black variation? LMAO. DENIAL! 8.1% is a large amount considering the distance it had to travel, yet you want to act like there were no whites in ancient Egypt! Remember slug this is just the maternal dna. I don’t care if that Western Eurasian dna stood at .01% in the Fulani, it is there and that is what accounts for the variation and you no longer need to be confused about their features.
Only one problem “Nord”.. I said quote: “subsets of that diversity flowed out from East Africa to various other parts of Africa and outside Africa..” and I said this in relation to links with east Africa, not your inflowing “wandering Caucasoids”. And we all know ancient Egypt had gene flow from Persians, romans etc etc at various eras of its history. Your attempt to create a bogus strawman point fails miserably. But even if we grant you a white Fulani percentage, your own data makes the “wandering Caucasoid” influx rather less than impressive. Quote from your own reference: The haplogroups of Western Eurasian origin , such as J1b, U5, H, and V, were also detected but in rather low frequencies (8.1% in total).
Looks like you fail again “Nord”… multiple at bats, multiple strikeouts… Isn’t there anyone in your "Aryan” camp that can get the job done better than you? Send in fat Madilda!
Posted by Brada-Anansi (Member # 16371) on :
Thanks Calabooz post away if you find it, they know they are lying and really do have an agenda I remember the dude saying something like this after his distrought follower threatened to expose him Yeah go ahead and do that how very Jew of you. and Zarahan that was indeed a classic beat down I sometimes wonder if people come here because they are masochistic.
Posted by Djehuti (Member # 6698) on :
quote:Originally posted by the lyingass: keyword: "most of"
note: the 30th parallel latitude passes through the middle of Iran. It also passes through:
Egypt, Libya and Algeria
lp
Yes, MOST of Africa is tropical with the rest being subtropical. Also, what does Mozabites being 80% African genetically have to do with the fact that some of them, especially those in coastal areas are obviously genetically influenced by non-Africans??
As for the latitude of Iran. Must we go over what the aboriginal Iranians or Elamites looked like again?
More obtuse logic brought to you by Lyingass Productions.
Posted by zarahan- aka Enrique Cardova (Member # 15718) on :
^^lol... Good pic. Indeed, as we have often noted, Hanihara sampled ancient Iranians for his West Asian sample and and found that they resembled sub-Saharan Africans.
Posted by Calabooz' (Member # 18238) on :
Brada, is this what you're looking for:
It finally came to me where to find it at.
Euro-centric's are funny
Posted by Brada-Anansi (Member # 16371) on :
Yeah yeah that it heheh this thread had the wrong title this should become a sticky thanks calabooz ur a trooper... And an ouutstanding job by Astenb.
Posted by zarahan- aka Enrique Cardova (Member # 15718) on :
Good job Calabooz..
Posted by Djehuti (Member # 6698) on :
^ Actually it was Astenb who originally found that post, but yeah. LOL
The Eurocentric agenda is based on nothing but fraudulence.
Posted by rahotep101 (Member # 18764) on :
Early Iranian 'saltman' mummy:
I imagine he was mistaken for a true negro every other day...
Posted by astenb (Member # 14524) on :
quote:Originally posted by Djehuti: ^ Actually it was Astenb who originally found that post, but yeah. LOL
The Eurocentric agenda is based on nothing but fraudulence.
LOL, Good times!
Posted by Brada-Anansi (Member # 16371) on :
Rahotep are you sure you want to use this individual as a some kinda blond Euro prop?? I am giving you a chance here.
Posted by Djehuti (Member # 6698) on :
^^ LOL Of course there were blondes in ancient Iran associated with later Aryan speakers as there are today in Iran as well as Afghanistan etc. The question is what the hell does they have to do with the [b]aboriginal[/i] people?? By the way, what is the date of that blonde haired man?? Is his hair naturally blonde or was it altered since he is labeled as a "salt mummy" and we all know what long-term natron exposure does to hair?? Is there something you know Brada??
Posted by Ish Gebor (Member # 18264) on :
quote:Originally posted by the lioness:
quote:Originally posted by Djehuti:
FACT 1. Most of Africa is tropical with some portions being subtropical.
The head (left) and leg (right) of a naturally made mummy found in 2004 display "salt-cured" skin and yellowish hair after spending centuries in an Iranian salt mine. The remains belong to one of five mummies found in the mine between 1993 and 2005. Last month an international team announced the discovery of a sixth salt man from the mine, and the experts say more could eventually be unearthed. http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/bigphotos/3020824.html
Yup some other retard Cassiterides tried to pull the same sh!t not too long ago http://www.egyptsearch.com/forums/ultimatebb.cgi?ubb=get_topic;f=15;t=004326 What these jokers gotta understand is if you post a link or source the not too lazy amongst us will check.
Posted by the lioness (Member # 17353) on :
quote:Originally posted by Brada-Anansi:
Yup some other retard Cassiterides tried to pull the same sh!t not too long ago
aka Anglo_Pyamidologist
Posted by the lioness (Member # 17353) on :
quote:Originally posted by Djehuti/realhistory.com:
As for the latitude of Iran. Must we go over what the aboriginal Iranians or Elamites looked like again?
must we?
Posted by Brada-Anansi (Member # 16371) on :
I perfer the culud version ma self lioness..these guys didn't go to no tanning salon all Natural
Posted by melchior7 (Member # 18960) on :
quote:Originally posted by Djehuti: *yawn*
Another retarded thread that is self-therapeutic psychological projection by a Euronut.
If the concept of ancient Egypt being black African is such "bullsh|t" then why have any of you jerk-offs been unable to refute it??
We've posted countless studies from mainstream scholars from archaeologists, linguistics, and physical anthropologists and geneticists alike.
You can see a summary of the evidence here and yet not any piece fails to be refuted. Why is that??
Can any White Nerds and Confirmed Nuts and others usurping African names refute any of these tidbits alone?
Abbas S. Mohammed-Ali1, and Abdel-Rahim M. Khabir African Archaeological Review, Vol. 20, No. 1, March 2003 From the chronological standpoint, it seems that the overall radiometric dates of the early ceramics from the Central Nile Valley are generally in accordance with their counterpart in the Sahara-Sahel Belt, dated to the tenth–eighth millennium bp. (eighth–sixth millenium BC). These dates may suggest that pottery developed locally from early prototypes as early as 10,000 bp. The origin(s) of the wavy line and dotted wavy line ceramics is much more complex than was once thought. The reason(s) behind the invention of pottery lies mainly in the need for containers that permit wider uses of food techniques than is otherwise possible, as well as other different sets of advantages for the general mode of living (Arnold, 1985, pp. 127–166). The invention of pottery and harpoons are critical events in the process that led to the expansion of aquatic resource exploitation, as is manifested in the Nile Valley (see supra; Haaland, 1995; Sutton, 1974, pp. 529–531). Also, the Sahara-Sahel Belt might have only opened up for the kind of resource exploitation that necessitates the invention of ceramics by the early Holocene (see Clark, 1980; Hassan, 1986).
The period when sub-Saharan Africa was most influential in Egypt was a time when neither Egypt, as we understand it culturally, nor the Sahara, as we understand it geographically, existed. Populations and cultures now found south of the desert roamed far to the north. The culture of Upper Egypt, which became dynastic Egyptian civilization, could fairly be called a Sudanese transplant. Egypt rapidly found a method of disciplining the river, the land, and the people to transform the country into a titanic garden. Egypt rapidly developed detailed cultural forms that dwarfed its forebears in urbanity and elaboration. Thus, when new details arrived, they were rapidly adapted to the vast cultural superstructure already present. On the other hand, pharaonic culture was so bound to its place near the Nile that its huge, interlocked religious, administrative, and formal structures could not be readily transferred to relatively mobile cultures of the desert, savanna, and forest. The influence of the mature pharaonic civilizations of Egypt and Kush was almost confined to their sophisticated trade goods and some significant elements of technology. Nevertheless, the religious substratum of Egypt and Kush was so similar to that of many cultures in southern Sudan today that it remains possible that fundamental elements derived from the two high cultures to the north live on.--Joseph O. Vogel (1997)
On this basis, many have postulated that the Badarians are relatives to South African populations (Morant, 1935 G. Morant, A study of predynastic Egyptian skulls from Badari based on measurements taken by Miss BN Stoessiger and Professor DE Derry, Biometrika 27 (1935), pp. 293–309.Morant, 1935; Mukherjee et al., 1955; Irish and Konigsberg, 2007). The archaeological evidence points to this relationship as well. (Hassan, 1986) and (Hassan, 1988) noted similarities between Badarian pottery and the Neolithic Khartoum type, indicating an archaeological affinity among Badarians and Africans from more southern regions. Furthermore, like the Badarians, Naqada has also been classified with other African groups, namely the Teita (Crichton, 1996; Keita, 1990).-- Godde (2009)
"During an excavation headed by the German Institute for Archaeology, Cairo, at the tombs of the nobles in Thebes-West, Upper Egypt, three types of tissues from different mummies were sampled to compare 13 well known rehydration methods for mummified tissue with three newly developed methods. .. Skin sections showed particularly good tissue preservation, although cellular outlines were never distinct. Although much of the epidermis had already separated from the dermis, the remaining epidermis often was preserved well (Fig. 1). The basal epithelial cells were packed with melanin as expected for specimens of Negroid origin." --(A-M Mekota and M Vermehren. (2005) Determination of optimal rehydration, fixation and staining methods for histological and immunohistochemical analysis of mummified soft tissues. Biotechnic & Histochemistry 2005, Vol. 80, No. 1, Pages 7-13
Egypt was more of a mixture of people. More Middle Eastern in the North and Black in the South.
Posted by melchior7 (Member # 18960) on :
quote:Originally posted by Djehuti: Actually what you say is the lie that is deliberately propagated by Eurocentrists.
FACT 1. Most of Africa is tropical with some portions being subtropical.
FACT 2. Because of the following fact above there is no such thing as indigenous whites.
FACT 3. Berber strictly speaking is a culturo-linguistic group and it is a fallacy to identify Berber with whites only since a good portion of Berber peoples are still black just as the original proto-Berbers were, since Berber is indigenous to Africa and Facts 1 & 2. stated above.
FACT 4. The only reason for the existence of lighter skinned or even 'white' types in Africa is due to immigrations from Europe and elsewhere across the Mediterranean. It's funny how when blacks are found in North Africa they are assumed to be recent arrivals from "Sub-Sahara" but never the whites who are descendants of European slaves etc.
Thus the whole notion of white indigenes collapses. [/QB]
Umm in most of the coastal areas of North Africa, the climate is similar to that of Southern Europe. And for this reason European settlers have lived comfortably in North Africa since ancient times up until the recent colonies of France in Algeria and Morocco etc..It's practically Europe's backyard.
I wouldn't say Berbers were all White. I have known a few in France. Some are more European looking and others look mixed. But the majority are more or less Middle Eastern looking.
But the fact is Eurasians did Estbalish themselves in North Africa long ago since at least the last glacial maximum. And Blacks have moved south ever since the Sahara dried up as Eurasians have been pushing southward. This is why you find so few Blacks in North Africa Today. Most of the ones you do find where brought there during the slave trade under Islamic rule. This is documented. The White Europeans slaves where sent all over the Arab world. in any case they would have been arabized and absorbed by the population in major urban centers. It is doubtful they would have ended up in some remote Berber village such as in the Rif Mountians were some of the fairest skinned Berbers come from. Think about it.
Posted by Djehuti (Member # 6698) on :
^ Uh, first of all coastal North Africa is similar to southern Europe but not the same as it is still at lower latitudes. The climate of coastal southern Africa is also similar to that southern Europe which is why its climate is called "Meditteranean" as well. Also where is the evidence that Europeans established themselves in North Africa during the LGM??! Can you cite any evidence of this?? The earliest evidence of whites in North Africa date back to at least the Iron Age judging by Egyptian records. On the other hand we have proof of black Africans in Europe since at least the neolithic as shown by skeletal remains as well as haplogroup E.
Also who says there are "few" blacks in North Africa?? There are actually plenty of blacks in North Africa it is whites that are the minority, as even the vast majority of Berbers in the coast are obviously of mixed so-called "mulatto" in appearance!
Posted by Masonic Rebel (Member # 9549) on :
rahotep101
quote: What is that supposed to prove, pray tell?
It proves that your are waste your time, considering the fact that there are millions of Black Egyptians living in Egypt today.
thanks masonic rebel, aka rasol, aka great jew.
Posted by Iah (Member # 19043) on :
quote:Originally posted by Just call me Jari: This is probably the best image you have ever posted, good work Watson, finally starting to post Dark Skinned Egyptians..
More Representation of Egyptian Reddish Brown
quote:Originally posted by rahotep101:
[/QB]
And none resemble Nubians as how the ancient Egyptians depicted them:
Aside from this, there were migrations from the Middle East even farther back and a shared culture (Iberomaurusian) which bridged North Africa and Spain. Additionally The Megalithic culture which stretched across Western European, the one responsible for Stonehenge, reached as far as North Africa as well. [img] http://www.photos-morocco.com/images/20090203073715_menhir-monuments-msoura-morocco.jpg [/img]
It is absurd to think that North Africa was ever in anyway isloated from Europe and the Middle East especially cosnsidering that Spain at its closet point comes withinn about 8 miles of the Northern tip of Morocco. In Easrlier times the Mediterranean basin was even shallower.
On the other hand we have proof of black Africans in Europe since at least the neolithic as shown by skeletal remains as well as haplogroup E.
You should know that Haplogroup E3b went through a long journey of many thousands years before crossing into Europe through Anatolia. By the time it arrived in Europe it is doubtful its carriers were Blacks. Same with R1b in Cameroon, Africa. They may carry a European haplotype but that doesn't make them White. Also the vast majority of mtDna in North Africa is Eurasian
Also who says there are "few" blacks in North Africa?? There are actually plenty of blacks in North Africa it is whites that are the minority, as even the vast majority of Berbers in the coast are obviously of mixed so-called "mulatto" in appearance!
I don't call North Africans White as that is a socio political term. But the majority are Middle Eastern/Mediterrean looking. So called Blacsk are few and are considered to have brought over from Sub Saharan countries in recent times.
"The term Gnawa has three important meanings. First, it refers to black people who were enslaved in West Africa. It is commonly believed that Gnawa of Morocco were originally black slaves and who over time had become free under various historical circumstances. Historians believe that the Gnawa population originated from black West Africa - from Senegal to Chad and from Mali in the north to Nigeria in the south. Many of these enslaved people are thought to come from Old Ghana (a kingdom north of Mali) in the 11th through the 13th century. These enslaved groups were called “Gnawa.” There is also some historical evidence that a large enslaved population came from the great market of Djenne in Mali, and that Gnawi is a slight deformation of Jennawi. The term Gnawa is thus a color designation. It historically means “the black people.”..
Not all blacks in Morocco were slaves that originated from black West Africa. Some blacks were actually native to southern Morocco. Some sources suggest that groups of black people were indigenous of the Draa valley. They were sedentary agriculturists. With the advance of the Romans into the Moroccan interior in the 3rd century B.C.E., the Berbers, who inhabited the coastal areas of the Maghreb of North Africa, may have been forced to move towards the south and competed with the blacks inhabitants in the oases of the Draa, entering into an interdependent or clientele relationship with the Blacks, with the Berbers assuming the patron role...
Etymologically speaking, the meaning of Gnawa likely derives from the Berber word aguinaw, which is connected with skin color. It means “black man” in contrast with the white Berber. This word could be itself the origin of the name Guinea because akal n-iguinamen in Berber means the “land of the black men” just like the Arabic term bilad as-sudan, which means, “land of the black people.” The term was also adopted by the Portuguese and appeared mainly as “Guinea” on European maps dating from the 14th century." http://www.afropop.org/multi/feature/ID/618
You will find the situation to be similar in most North African countires.
Posted by Iah (Member # 19043) on :
quote:Originally posted by zarahan- aka Enrique Cardova: 9)) Now lets take your bogus claim #9- a few sub-Saharans at an oasis means a;white Egypt; lol
Labeling a scientific study as bogus is hilarious, coming from you.
quote:since Roman times, gene flow from the Sub-Saharan region has affected gene frequencies of individuals from the oasis.( “Research on ancient DNA in the Near East” Mateusz Baca, Martyna Molak 2008) Regardless of the date, all the studies consistently show that sub-saharan dna appears to be small and the Molak study was just completed last year! There is NO WAY you Afronuts can refute this, so you bitch about an incorrect date. It doesn’t negate the fact, AFRONUT.
Lol.. Is this all you got ‘Nerd”? what’s there to ‘refute”? All your precious oasis study shows is that, to quote the study: “since Roman times, gene flow from the Sub-Saharan region has affected gene frequencies of individuals from the oasis.” Lol… this is earth shattering? That a minor oasis saw some sub-Saharan gene flow? Lol
Boy this ones got you in a bind. Feeling insecure and covering it with multiple "lol's" will do you no good, as it's a reflection of your insecurites. It's all you've got. A "minor" oasis should have seen major Sub Saharan gene flow considering its location and all the time in the world to acquire it. I mean, this is Africa right where you clowns claim only blacks inhabited Africa until recently but apparently blacks did not inhabit this portion of the southern Egyptian desert until recently. Habitation started there during the Pleistocene, and increased during the Holocene when the desert became dryer, so wouldn't be considered "minor" as it sustained populations who were dependent on it for survival. It is lacking in Sub Saharan dna until Roman times. So how did that Caucasoid dna get there before Roman times, before Sub Saharans? Keep up your denials, it's fun watching you squirm.
"Dakhleh was occupied before and during the early Egyptian Neolithic and Predynastic periods, and so has a role in understanding the rise of the Egyptian state."
quote: 10) Now let’s take a look at your miscellaneous claims re “white Africa’:
The peopling of northern Africa appears to be conditioned by the barriers imposed to the north by the Mediterranean Sea and to the south by the Sahara Desert, which constrains human movement to an east-west direction. The harsh landscape, in which mountainous areas are surrounded by arid extensions, favors a dispersed, fragmented pattern of of human settlement… Demic diffusion of Neolithic populations from the Fertile Crescent is thought to have homogenized the genetic composition of the European populations (Cavalli-Sforza et al. 1993, 1994), and it created a major southeast to northwest gradient (Sokal et al. 1991)… population replacement during the Neolithic from the Levant could explain the genetic similarity between Libya, Egypt, and the European populations.” (Population history of North Africa: Evidence from classical genetic markers” Human Biology; Bosch, E; Calafell, F; Perez-Lezaun, et al 2005)
LOL @ "miscellaneous claims" Stop crying. It's a genetic study based on east/west gentic patters and geography.
quote:The only thing wrong your “white Egypt” and “white Africa” claim based on this text is that the Sahara was not always a desert.
That's not the issue here. The Sahara became a desert around 4,000 to 5,000 years ago, the rains ceased to their present levels. The article is discussing the NEOLITHIC which is about the time Egypt was becoming populated and the climate/environment changed.
quote:It was a well watered greenbelt in various eras and in various areas, and populations moved back and forth. So the vaunted “East-West movement blockage” is a limited claim indeed.
Naturally to you it is, since you're head over heels in denial, but not according to the analysis of the findings. It says nothing about "East-West movement blockage" but it does say "which constrains human movement to an east-west direction. so that is a falsification on your part.
"The Sahara was a strong geographical barrier against gene flow, at least since 5,000 years ago, when desertification affected a larger region" Harich et al, 2010)
Posted by Iah (Member # 19043) on :
quote: Also your passage says nothing about any Cakazoids taking over North Africa- it says ”thought to have homogenized the genetic composition of the European populations.” It says nothing about a white North Africa. It confines itself to the Europeanized populations that had moved in and what some scholars "thought."
The passage certainly says nothing about any negroids taking over North Africa does it? It says "population replacement during the Neolithic from the Levant could explain the genetic similarity between Libya, Egypt, and the European populations.”
Neolithic>Levant>genetic similarity
Funny how you completely dismiss it.
quote: Your own source once again undermines you claim Ace.
It undermins several of your claims.
quote: When did Chad Niger, Mali, or the Sudan become “white” in your passage?
They're not discussing Chad, Niger or Mali per se but the Sahara as a whole during the Neolithic. Read it.
quote: Most of these areas are above the Sahara and have historically been classified as “North Africa”.
Nope. Chad (classified as Central Africa), Niger (classified as Western Africa) and Mali (classified as Western Africa) aren't mentioned in the passage since it has to do with North Africa.
quote: Again you fail. As for more recent references: here’s one that is gasp, MORE RECENT than your 2005 reference, and it disputes the alleged population replacement theory. Oooooohhhhhhh… more recent Ace….
Africanamericanculturalcenter"???? With a name like that as a reference as if it's not biased. Why not link to the actual source, that is if you have nothing to hide.
quote:
^^look Nerd look.. recent 2008 date on data from Keita... doesn't it "supercede" your stuff? lol
No, it doesn't and the following quote supports Cavalli-Sforza et al. 1993, 1994, Sokal et al. 1991, Bosch, E; Calafell, F; Perez-Lezaun, et al 2005:
"The interpolation analyses and complete sequencing of present mtDNA sub-Saharan lineages observed in North Africa support the genetic impact of recent trans-Saharan migrations, namely the slave trade initiated by the Arab conquest of North Africa in the seventh century. Saharan people did not leave traces in the North African maternal gene pool for the time of its settlement, some 40,000 years ago." (Harich et al, 2010)
OoOoOoO GASP! Doesn't that^ date supersede your stuff?
And I see "suggest" "if" "may" "might" in your paper. Haplogroup E is named Eurasian Adam by Spencer Wells. Ouch.
Posted by Iah (Member # 19043) on :
quote:11) On your "White Fulani" mix claims:
" that “diversity” you speak so strongly all the time is in reality Caucasian dna that penetrated into deep Africa. Why it shows there is Western Eurasian dna in Fulani yet you insist this is natural black variation? LMAO. DENIAL! 8.1% is a large amount considering the distance it had to travel, yet you want to act like there were no whites in ancient Egypt! Remember slug this is just the maternal dna. I don’t care if that Western Eurasian dna stood at .01% in the Fulani, it is there and that is what accounts for the variation and you no longer need to be confused about their features.
Only one problem “Nord”.. I said quote: “subsets of that diversity flowed out from East Africa to various other parts of Africa and outside Africa..” and I said this in relation to links with east Africa,
"Around 39,000–52,000 years ago, the western Asian branch spread radially, bringing Caucasians to North Africa and Europe, also reaching India, and expanding to north and east Asia. More recent migrations have entangled but not completely erased these primitive footprints of modern human expansions." (Maca-Meyer, et al. 2001
quote: not your inflowing “wandering Caucasoids”.
Finally admitting what you already knew?
quote:And we all know ancient Egypt had gene flow from Persians, romans etc etc at various eras of its history.
And Nubians. Yet none of it ties into the fact that the Fulani received Caucasoid gene flow long before Persians and Romans:
"Because the exact period of Fulani migration cannot be estimated from archeological studies, we selected 4,000 years rather intuitively as the time to the possible admixture event.” (“mtDNA of Fulani Nomads and Their Genetic Relationships to Neighboring Sedentary Populations” V. Cerný et al 2006)
quote:Your attempt to create a bogus strawman point fails miserably. But even if we grant you a white Fulani percentage, your own data makes the “wandering Caucasoid” influx rather less than impressive. Quote from your own reference: The haplogroups of Western Eurasian origin , such as J1b, U5, H, and V, were also detected but in rather low frequencies (8.1% in total).
The point made, is that there were Caucasoids in Africa and it certainly reflected in the Fulani no matter how miniscule you think it was. But that is based on Fulani mtDNA. Now for Ydna:
"The Fulani, who possess the lowest population size in this study, have an interesting genetic structure, effectively consisting of two haplogroups or founding lineages. One of the lineages is R-M173 (53.8%), and its sheer frequency suggests either a recent migration of this group to Africa and/or a restricted gene flow due to linguistic or cultural barriers. The high frequency of sub-clade E-V22, which is believed to be northeast African (Cruciani et al., 2007) and haplogroup R-M173, suggests an amalgamation of two populations/cultures that took place sometime in the past in eastern or central Africa. This is also evident from the frequency of the ‘‘T’’ allele of the lactase persistence gene that is uniquely present in considerable frequencies among the Fulani (Mulcare et al.,2004). Interestingly, Fulani language is classified in the Niger-Congo family of languages which is more prevalent in West Africa and among Bantu speakers, yet their Y-chromosomes show very little evidence of West African genetic affiliation. (“Y-Chromosome Variation Among Sudanese: Restricted Gene Flow, Concordance With Language, Geography, and History” Cavalli-Sforza et al 2008
quote:So your vaunted cakazoids weigh in at a mere 8%.
LOL not on the YDNA. Anyway, what's a "vaunted cakazoid"?
quote:Looks like you fail again “Nord”… multiple at bats, multiple strikeouts… Isn’t there anyone in your "Aryan” camp that can get the job done better than you? Send in fat Madilda!
Seriously delusional and conceited. If you think you're the best Afrocentrism has got to offer it would explain why it has failed so horribly.
Posted by Calabooz' (Member # 18238) on :
Obviously this guy is biased in favor of outdated research and doesn't know wtf he's talking about. I mean, really now.
Posted by Calabooz' (Member # 18238) on :
Posted by Iah (Member # 19043) on :
Obviously the outdated excuse is a lame attempt to dismiss the information. There are no studies that directly refute any of the above information that I posted. In fact, the 2010 Harich paper confirms Cavalli-Sforza et al. 1993, 1994, Sokal et al. 1991, Bosch, E; Calafell, F; Perez-Lezaun, et al 2005 making it all consistant. So you, at the very least, would need five recent studies that refute the information concerning the Dakhela Oasis. Where is it?
Your friend conceded with his LOL's and complete lack of an answer, humiliating himself calling one of the earliest and important predynastic settlements that sustained populations "minor".
"Dakhleh was occupied before and during the early Egyptian Neolithic and Predynastic periods, and so has a role in understanding the rise of the Egyptian state."
A role in the rise of the Egyptian state, but no Sub Saharan input til Roman times. That's is a damming blow to your ideology and also explains why you're so speechless as well.
Now, where is a paper that refutes Cavalli-Sforza's 2008 study on the Fulani possessing 58% R-M173? Do you even have one?
I've seen you post loads of what you would call outdated material that predates the dates I've posted. Yes, one standard for Afrocentrics, another standard for everyone else. I see exactly how this place works.
Posted by Calabooz' (Member # 18238) on :
quote:Obviously the outdated excuse is a lame attempt to dismiss the information. There are no studies that directly refute any of the above information that I posted.
Well, lets see about that:
quote:Originally posted by Iah: Boy this ones got you in a bind. Feeling insecure and covering it with multiple "lol's" will do you no good, as it's a reflection of your insecurites. It's all you've got. A "minor" oasis should have seen major Sub Saharan gene flow considering its location and all the time in the world to acquire it. I mean, this is Africa right where you clowns claim only blacks inhabited Africa until recently but apparently blacks did not inhabit this portion of the southern Egyptian desert until recently. Habitation started there during the Pleistocene, and increased during the Holocene when the desert became dryer, so wouldn't be considered "minor" as it sustained populations who were dependent on it for survival. It is lacking in Sub Saharan dna until Roman times. So how did that Caucasoid dna get there before Roman times, before Sub Saharans? Keep up your denials, it's fun watching you squirm.
"Dakhleh was occupied before and during the early Egyptian Neolithic and Predynastic periods, and so has a role in understanding the rise of the Egyptian state."
Dakhela Oasis
No wonder you are eager to dismiss it.
Now, did you bother to read said study? Because if you did, you would realize that they used the HpaI 3592 marker which does not test for the most ancient sub-Saharan lineage in north Africa- i.e., L3. Only L1 and L2. Therefore giving unreliable results. More info on this in a sec
quote:That's not the issue here. The Sahara became a desert around 4,000 to 5,000 years ago, the rains ceased to their present levels. The article is discussing the NEOLITHIC which is about the time Egypt was becoming populated and the climate/environment changed.
And the period when sub-Saharan influence was greatest in north Africa was BEFORE there was a Sahara.
quote:Naturally to you it is, since you're head over heels in denial, but not according to the analysis of the findings. It says nothing about "East-West movement blockage" but it does say "which constrains human movement to an east-west direction. so that is a falsification on your part.
"The Sahara was a strong geographical barrier against gene flow, at least since 5,000 years ago, when desertification affected a larger region" Harich et al, 2010)
Again I must repeat the fact that even the cited article by yourself says: "At least since 5,000 years ago". And as I pointed out, sub-Saharan gene flow into the Nile Valley region was PRE-Neolithic era (Mesolithic and before). How do we know? Because a more RECENT article has shown this to be the case:
In the present work, mtDNA data show a diversified distribution of African haplogroups. However, a question remains concerning the date of the sub-Saharan African inputs. Our results demonstrate an ancient local evolution in Tunisia of some African haplogroups (L2a, L3*, and L3b). The most ancient haplogroup is L3*, which would have been introduced from eastern sub-Saharan populations to North Africa about 20,000 years ago. The Siwa oasis sample studied by Coudray et al. (2009) contains sub-Saharan haplogroups L0a1, L3i, L4*, and L4b2, which are different from our Tunisian samples, in agreement with the heterogeneity of Berbers already shown in Tunisia.--Frigi et al. 2010
Which brings me to the point I was raising earlier. The article you mentioned did not test for L3 which we now know to have been introduced in ancient times. The same Frigi et al. goes on to say:
Our results also point to a less ancient western African gene flow to Tunisia involving haplogroups L2a and L3b. Thus the sub-Saharan contribution to northern Africa starting from the east would have taken place **before the Neolithic**. The western African contribution to North Africa should have occurred **before the Sahara’s formation (15,000 years BP)**. It seems likely that an expansion would have taken place in the Sahel zone starting about the time of a gradual climatic return to wetter conditions, when the Senegal River cut through the dunes (Burke et al. 1971). For subhaplogroup L2a1 (data not shown) we found some haplotypes that the Tunisian Berbers shared with Mauritanians and western sub-Saharan populations speaking a Niger-Congo language (studied by Salas et al. 2002).--Frigi et al. 2010
So even the west African input was pre-Neolithic. And this is a time when there were WETTER conditions. You are speaking about the return of desert conditions.
quote:The passage certainly says nothing about any negroids taking over North Africa does it? It says "population replacement during the Neolithic from the Levant could explain the genetic similarity between Libya, Egypt, and the European populations.”
Neolithic>Levant>genetic similarity
Funny how you completely dismiss it.
This is what I mean with outdated material. There is no genetic similarity with Egypt and Libya and ancient Egyptians certainly did not have an affinity with Europeans. The most recent article from the American Journal of Physical Anthropology:
"The distribution of subsets of haplogroups U6 and M1 also suggests the presence of a discontinuity between Libya and Egypt, separating western North Africa from eastern North Africa. Even if both haplogroups are thought to have been carried by a back-to-Africa migration from the Near East, significant increased U6 frequencies have been detected in the West compared to the East. The network of all U6 sequences found in the database presents two nodes with star-like shape, U6a* and U6a1. In a similar way, M1a1 is the node with starlike topology in haplogroup M1, and the node where most of the eastern sequences are found." --Karima Fadhlaoui-Zid et al. 2011
What genetic similarity you talking bout! This also shows on the Y chromosome data where the main Northwest African genetic variant E-M81 only reaches 10% in Egypt!
quote: "The interpolation analyses and complete sequencing of present mtDNA sub-Saharan lineages observed in North Africa support the genetic impact of recent trans-Saharan migrations, namely the slave trade initiated by the Arab conquest of North Africa in the seventh century. Saharan people did not leave traces in the North African maternal gene pool for the time of its settlement, some 40,000 years ago." (Harich et al, 2010)
As you can see from the more RECENT article I cited above (Frigi et al) Harich et al. has been DEBUNKED
Posted by Calabooz' (Member # 18238) on :
quote:Originally posted by Iah: The point made, is that there were Caucasoids in Africa and it certainly reflected in the Fulani no matter how miniscule you think it was. But that is based on Fulani mtDNA. Now for Ydna:
"The Fulani, who possess the lowest population size in this study, have an interesting genetic structure, effectively consisting of two haplogroups or founding lineages. One of the lineages is R-M173 (53.8%), and its sheer frequency suggests either a recent migration of this group to Africa and/or a restricted gene flow due to linguistic or cultural barriers. The high frequency of sub-clade E-V22, which is believed to be northeast African (Cruciani et al., 2007) and haplogroup R-M173, suggests an amalgamation of two populations/cultures that took place sometime in the past in eastern or central Africa. This is also evident from the frequency of the ‘‘T’’ allele of the lactase persistence gene that is uniquely present in considerable frequencies among the Fulani (Mulcare et al.,2004). Interestingly, Fulani language is classified in the Niger-Congo family of languages which is more prevalent in West Africa and among Bantu speakers, yet their Y-chromosomes show very little evidence of West African genetic affiliation. (“Y-Chromosome Variation Among Sudanese: Restricted Gene Flow, Concordance With Language, Geography, and History” Cavalli-Sforza et al 2008
You don't understand that they are only speaking of ONE group of the Fulani in SUDAN. Other Fulani groups yield different results which is why Keita et al. responded to Hassan et al:
Hassan et al.’s (2008, p 321) suggestion of a non-African origin for the Fulani is a direct extrapolation based on the predominance (53.8%) of the R1*M173 lineage (an M89 lineage) in a single sample (n 5 26) from Sudan. However, analyses of other samples of Fulani give different results. Here, Y chromosome lineages are discussed in terms of their major markers, which will be understood to include downstream derivatives. For example, M35 will be used to mean both M35* and its derivatives M35/M81, M35/78, etc. In one sample from Guinea Bissau (n 5 59), the markers and frequencies are as follows: M2 275.6%, M35 213.6%, M33 26.8%, and 1.7% each of M75, M91, and M89-derived lineages (Rosa et al., 2007). In another study, based primarily on TaqI 49a, f variants, which can be ‘‘translated’’ into biallelic counterparts, a Fulani (called Peul) sample (n 5 54) from Burkina Faso has these frequencies: M2%–50%, M35 222.1% lineages (Lucotte et al., 2007). A small sample (n 5 20) of Fulbe from one area of the Cameroons has the M33 (E1*) lineage at a frequency of 52% (Scozzari et al., 1997, 1999). Hassan et al.’s sample also has a high percentage of M35 (34.6%). The mix of M2 and M35 lineages, both derivatives of P2 (or PN2) (see dendrogram in Hassan et al.), may reflect the sahara/sahel having served as an interaction zone of populations— a metapopulation which shuffled lineages—in the wetter periods of the early Holocene (Keita, 2005a; Kuper and Kropelin, 2006). The M2 lineage is sometimes almost characterized as being found only associated with the Niger Congo language phylum (Hassan et al., 321), of which Bantu is a subgroup. M2 lineages are found in populations languages from non-Bantu Niger Congo, Nilo-Saharan, and Afro-Asiatic phyla [see discussion in Keita (2005a)], and in high frequencies in West Africa including the Senegambia region Scozzari, 1997, 1999; Lucotte et al., 2007; Rosa et al., 2007).
Source: Keita et al. 2010: Letter to the Editor: Commentary on the Fulani—History, Genetics, and Linguistics, an Adjunct to Hassan et al., 2008
BTW, Hassan is the main contributor to that article, so it should be HASSAN ET AL. and not Cavalli-Sforza et al
quote:Now, where is a paper that refutes Cavalli-Sforza's 2008 study on the Fulani possessing 58% R-M173? Do you even have one?
The frequencies of R1* in the Fulani likely experienced what we call, GENETIC DRIFT. And it doesn't need to be refuted if that sample of Fulani is not representative of all the Fulani
quote:A role in the rise of the Egyptian state, but no Sub Saharan input til Roman times. That's is a damming blow to your ideology and also explains why you're so speechless as well.
Sub-Saharan Gene flow->Ancient
On the other hand, European gene flow didn't come in until the late period LOL!
Not to mention sub-Saharan Africans populated North Africa:
Molecular studies on the Y chromosome in North Africa are interpreted as indicating that the southern part of Africa, namely, the Horn/East Africa, was a major source of population in the Nile Valley and northwest Africa after the Last Glacial Maximum, with some migration into the Near East and southern Europe (Bosch et al. 2001; Underhill et al. 2001).--Frigi et al. 2010
Posted by Djehuti (Member # 6698) on :
*yawn* Perhaps a thread should be created entitled 'Why do Euro-Nuts continuously post their tired, DEBUNKED, Bullshit across the internet, and especially this forum??'.
Even these new trolls like IyamStupid are too easy fodder for the likes of us.
Posted by KING (Member # 9422) on :
All I can say to this nonsense of Fulanis having Eurasian genes and therefore being mixed is that its WRONG.
In Cameroon where the Sudanese Fulbe are from, you find many ethnic groups with R1. The highest recorded being in the Uldeme who have R1 at over 90%+. This gene does NOT mean that fula are mixed Africans because we know that in Cameroon Africans with the socalled "true negro" phenotype have this gene. This new poster really needs to educate himself on African diversity.
Peace
Posted by the lioness (Member # 17353) on :
quote:Originally posted by Sundiata:
quote:Originally posted by Ebony Allen: How come Rameses is said to have natural red hair? Could he have been a white pharaoh? They examined his hair and concluded that he was born a red head.
I don't know but there are many threads on Ramses attesting to his obscure origins. Linguistic dissimilarities are noted in the form of him giving one of his daughters a non-Egyptian/Semitic name and Cranio-Facial patterns even show a definite non-affinity with Egyptians of the previous dynasty leading into question that maybe the Ramsoids were of at least partly foreign extraction.
"Description of X-ray images of Royal Mummies in X-ray Atlas of the Royal Mummies"
quote:Ramesses II
Father: Seti I, Mother: Queen Mut-Tuy Rounded forehead with sagittal plateau. Slight, rounded glabella. Proclined upper incisors; receding chin with high ANB. Rather long ramus with weak inclination of mandible. Orthognathous.
Compared to say:
quote: "The Elder Lady"
First identified as Queen Tiye
The occipital bun is reminiscent of Mesolithic Nubians (see below). Sagittal plateau, rounded forehead with moderately projecting glabella; globular cranium with high vault. Protrusion of incisors, receding chin and steep mandible. Very vertical zygomatic arches and pronounced maxillary prognathism.
"In summation, the New Kingdom Pharaohs and Queens whose mummies have been recovered bear strong similarity to either contemporary Nubians, as with the XVII and XVIII dynasties, or with Mesolithic-Holocene Nubians, as with the XVIV and XX dynasties. The former dynasties seem to have a strong southern affinity, while the latter possessed evidence of mixing with modern Mediterranean types and also, possibly, with remnants of the old Tasian and Natufian populations. From the few sample available from the XXI Dynasty, there may have been a new infusion from the south at this period.
Though see this as well, since it should be informative and much of it was already covered by Rasol via Ausar.
Now, did you bother to read said study? Because if you did, you would realize that they used the HpaI 3592 marker which does not test for the most ancient sub-Saharan lineage in north Africa- i.e., L3. Only L1 and L2. Therefore giving unreliable results. More info on this in a sec
Quit crying and making up stuff. There is no negroid mtdna until Roman times and this is based on several studies as cited in Molak 2008. The Hpal 3592 marker is represented by L1 & L2 and has a single origin in Sub Sahara (Chen et al. 1995), which means all mtDNA types with this site are classified as southern, meaning L1 and L2 are essentially African specific, which they tested, yet L3 which is characterized by the loss of the HpaI site at np 3592 is ubiquitous, therefore not African specific.
If you bothered to read the study you would have noticed Molak et al is not discussing North Africa, but the Dakhleh Oasis located in south west Egypt. (North East Africa).
"The aim of the study was to characterize the ancient population from the Dakhleh Oasis. To allow for inferences regarding population changes at the oasis, 94 contemporary samples were also analyzed. Previous genetic studies of Egyptian, Nubian, and Sudanese populations allowed for distinguishing between two mtDNA types: the so called “southern” (Sub-Saharan) and “northern” (Eurasian) (for details see: Chen et al. 1995; Krings et al. 1999). To obtain the frequencies of these mtDNA types, amplification of the HVRI region and three RFLP markers was conducted. The authors succeeded in analysing RFLP markers in 34 samples and HVRI sequences in 18 of the samples. Both populations, ancient and contemporary, fit the north-south clinal distribution of “southern” and “northern” mtDNA types (Graver et al. 2001). However, significant differences were found between these populations. Based on an increased frequency of Hpa I 3592 (+) haplotypes in the contemporary Dakhlehian population, the authors suggested that, since Roman times, gene flow from the Sub-Saharan region has affected gene frequencies of individuals from the oasis."
Sub Saharan markers and its sub clades were tested. Still no Sub Saharan dna found imprinted on this important foundation of Egyptian civilization until Roman times. Case closed.
quote:And the period when sub-Saharan influence was greatest in north Africa was BEFORE there was a Sahara. Again I must repeat the fact that even the cited article by yourself says: "At least since 5,000 years ago".
The only mtdna Sub Saharan influence comes from L3 which is questionable since it's not African specific. The rest: L1 and L2 are recent.
The Dakhleh Oasis started coming into use during the drying phase "at least since 5,000 years ago".
"The aim of the study was to characterize the ancient population from the Dakhleh Oasis."
"In the south-east corner of Dakhleh, various stone-built structures are present; it remains unclear how typical this oasis was for the whole of the Western Desert, but it obviously contains the strongest cultural parallels with the Nile Valley. After 4900BC and especially from 4400BC onwards, the desert became less and less inhabitable because of the onset of the arid climate that continues up to the present day." Oxford History Of Ancient Egypt Ian Shaw 2003
But lets look at your quote again:
quote: And the period when sub-Saharan influence was greatest in north Africa was BEFORE there was a Sahara.
I seriously doubt that (as we will soon see), and North Africa is irrelevant to the discussion of the Dakhleh Oasis, but look at what you just admitted. Sub Saharan influence BEFORE the Sahara. Not AFTER. You are arguing against yourself.
quote:And as I pointed out, sub-Saharan gene flow into the Nile Valley region was PRE-Neolithic era (Mesolithic and before). How do we know? Because a more RECENT article has shown this to be the case:
And then you post a quote that has nothing to do with the Nile Valley region (below) but Tunisia and Siwa Berbers:
quote: In the present work, mtDNA data show a diversified distribution of African haplogroups. However, a question remains concerning the date of the sub-Saharan African inputs.
Our results demonstrate an ancient local evolution in Tunisia of some African haplogroups (L2a, L3*, and L3b). The most ancient haplogroup is L3*, which would have been introduced from eastern sub-Saharan populations to North Africa about 20,000 years ago. The Siwa oasis sample studied by Coudray et al. (2009) contains sub-Saharan haplogroups L0a1, L3i, L4*, and L4b2, which are different from our Tunisian samples, in agreement with the heterogeneity of Berbers already shown in Tunisia. --Frigi et al. 2010
Which brings me to the point I was raising earlier.
Do you see Dakhleh Oasis in there? Do you? No, so you have no "point" sincenone of the papers you cited mention the Dakhleh Oasis. And TUNISIA? Are you kidding? Tunisa is NOT in Egypt and the Siwa Oasis is on the western border of Egypt and Libya. And besides that, you better try harder, than 20,000 years ago We're talking about the DAKHLEH Oasis of SW Egypt and you bring up some off point about Siwa oasis and Tunisia 10,000 years prior and completely irrelevant to the discussion.
quote:The article you mentioned did not test for L3 which we now know to have been introduced in ancient times. The same Frigi et al. goes on to say:
And where does Frigi go on to say anything about the Dakhleh Oasis?
quote:Our results also point to a less ancient western African gene flow to Tunisiainvolving haplogroups L2a and L3b. Thus the sub-Saharan contribution to northern Africa starting from the east would have taken place **before the Neolithic**. The western African contribution to North Africa should have occurred **before the Sahara’s formation (15,000 years BP)**. It seems likely that an expansion would have taken place in the Sahel zone starting about the time of a gradual climatic return to wetter conditions, when the Senegal River cut through the dunes (Burke et al. 1971). For subhaplogroup L2a1 (data not shown) we found some haplotypes that the Tunisian Berbers shared with Mauritanians and western sub-Saharan populations speaking a Niger-Congo language (studied by Salas et al. 2002).--Frigi et al. 2010
I don't see Dakheleh Oasis mentioned at all. Do you? No. Not even Egypt. And look at that, it eventually turns out L2a and L3b are RECENT in North Africa and rather RECENT in Sub Saharan Africa. Still nothing about the Dakhleh Oasis because you have no explanation, just diversion.
quote:So even the west African input was pre-Neolithic. And this is a time when there were WETTER conditions. You are speaking about the return of desert conditions.
Of course I'm talking about the Sahara's desiccation, I've pointed that out several times in my previous post after all, that is when the Dakhleh started to populate.
"The Sahara was a strong geographical barrier against gene flow, at least since 5,000 years ago, when desertification affected a larger region, but the Arab trans-Saharan slave trade could have facilitate enormously this migration of lineages." Harich et al, 2010
"The distribution of the main L haplogroups in North Africa clearly reflects the known trans-Saharan slave routes: West is dominated by L1b, L2b, L2c, L2d, L3b and L3d; the Center by L3e and some L3f and L3w; the East by L0a, L3h, L3i, L3x and, in common with the Center, L3f and L3w; while, L2a is almost everywhere. Ages for the haplogroups observed in both sides of the Saharan desert testify the recent origin (holocenic) of these haplogroups in sub-Saharan Africa, claiming a RECENT introduction in North Africa, further strengthened by the no detection of local expansions. Harich et al, 2010
^Harich et al, 2010 is echoed inyour source Fadhlaoui-Zid et al 2011 with no objections:
"The L1b, L3b, and L3f1b lineages, which have a mainly western African distribution (Salas et al., 2002; Harich et al., 2010) are more frequent in NW African samples and rare in NE African populations. Harich et al. (2010) proposed that the origin of most of the sub-Saharan sequences found in North Africa can be found in the impact of the trans-Saharan slave trade routes that were established during recent times.
Your source Fadhlaoui-Zid et al 2011 continues:
"The analysis of mitochondrial (mtDNA) lineages has shown that, in spite of an important sub-Saharan contribution, most haplogroups in North Africa are of Eurasian origin (Rando et al., 1998; Krings et al., 1999; Plaza et al., 2003; Fadhlaoui-Zid et al., 2004; Harich et al., 2010). Some can be traced to ancient Paleolithic times (such as haplogroups U6, M1b, which are almost specific of northern African populations); however, some maternal lineages have been recently acquired from Europe or the Middle East (such as haplogroups U5, V, R0a, J1b, U3) (Maca-Meyer et al., 2003; Olivieri et al., 2006; Gonzalez et al., 2007). Several studies suggest that at the end of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), around 13,000 ya, humans expanded from the Franco-Cantabrian refuge toward Europe and North Africa, spreading mtDNA haplogroups H1, H3, and V (Torroni et al., 1998, 2001; Achilli et al., 2004, 2005; Loogvali et al., 2004; Pereira et al., 2005; Cherni et al., 2009; Ennafaa et al., 2009; Rhouda et al., 2009; Ottoni et al., 2010).
quote: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The passage certainly says nothing about any negroids taking over North Africa does it? It says "population replacement during the Neolithic from the Levant could explain the
genetic similarity between Libya, Egypt, and the European populations.”
Neolithic>Levant>genetic similarity
Funny how you completely dismiss it. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
This is what I mean with outdated material. There is no genetic similarity with Egypt and Libya and ancient Egyptians certainly did not have an affinity with Europeans.
Yet you can't even refute that.
And the study on the Dakhleh Oasis debunks your claim. Quoting information on Tunisia and Libya, and on top of that 10,000 years before the state formation of Egypt is not a rebuttle against the Dakhleh Oasis inhabitants who gave rise to Egyptian civilization. All of the western Sub Saharan haplogroups mentioned show no ancient genetic similarity with Egypt and certainly not the Dakhleh Oasis, for which it was tested and evidently recently arrived with the trans Saharan slave trade. Outdated? You've posted outdated material. You're not even on point with this one.
Haplogroup U is named the Europa clan:
"U6a2, and U6d diffused to East Africa, possibly along the Nile Valley. Our phylogeographic studies of mtDNA haplogroups reinforce the scenario that the first Upper Paleolithic cultures in North Africa (Dabban) and Europe (Aurignacian) had a common source in the Levant (14, 25, 26) and in fact spread by migration from some core area in the Levantine Corridor. The dispersal of Levantine people to Europe and North Africa was then marked by the mtDNA haplogroups U5 and U6/M1, respectively." Olivieri et al. 2006
"Libya and Egypt are also the smallest genetic distances away from European populations. Demic diffusion during the Neolithic period could explain the genetic similarity between northeast Africa and Europe through a parallel process of gene flow from the Near East. The genetic contribution of sub-Saharan Africa appears to be small.” Bosch et al 1997
Bosch et al 1997 also supported by more recent 2005 paper:
"population replacement during the Neolithic from the Levant could explain the genetic similarity between Libya, Egypt, and the European populations.” Population history of North Africa: Evidence from classical genetic markers” Human Biology; Bosch, E; Calafell, F; Perez-Lezaun, et al 2005
And more recently:
"Archaeological studies have revealed cultural connections between the two sides of the Red Sea dating to prehistory. The issue has still not been properly addressed, however, by archaeogenetics. We focus our attention here on the mitochondrial haplogroup HV1 that is present in both the Arabian Peninsula and East Africa. The internal variation of 38 complete mitochondrial DNA sequences (20 of them presented here for the first time) affiliated into this haplogroup testify to its emergence during the late glacial maximum, most probably in the Near East, with subsequent dispersion via population expansions when climatic conditions improved. Detailed phylogeography of HV1 sequences shows that more recent demographic upheavals likely contributed to their spread from West Arabia to East Africa, a finding concordant with archaeological records suggesting intensive maritime trade in the Red Sea from the sixth millennium BC onwards. Closer genetic exchanges are apparent between the Horn of Africa and Yemen, while Egyptian HV1 haplotypes seem to be more similar to the Near Eastern ones." Musilová et al June 9, 2011
"6th millennium BC onwards" : that's right on par with Egypt's state formation.
quote: The most recent article from the American Journal of Physical Anthropology:
"The distribution of subsets of haplogroups U6 and M1 also suggests the presence of a discontinuity between Libya and Egypt, separating western North Africa from eastern North Africa. Even if both haplogroups are thought to have been carried by a back-to-Africa migrationfrom the Near East, significant increased U6 frequencies have been detected in the West compared to the East. The network of all U6 sequences found in the database presents two nodes with star-like shape, U6a* and U6a1. In a similar way, M1a1 is the node with starlike topology in haplogroup M1, and the node where most of the eastern sequences are found." --Karima Fadhlaoui-Zid et al. 2011
U6 decreases eastwards probably due to gene flow from the Near East as attested for the higher frequencies of H4, H5, H7, H8 and H11 subgroups.
Lets see what else your article states:
"The L1b, L3b, and L3f1b lineages, which have a mainly western African distribution (Salas et al., 2002; Harich et al., 2010) are more frequent in NW African samples and rare in NE African populations. Harich et al. (2010)proposed that the origin of most of the sub-Saharan sequences found in North Africa can be found in the impact of the trans-Saharan slave trade routes that were established during recent times.
You're willing to admit there were Caucasoids in the Levant and Caucasoids in Libya, but seem to think Egypt was completely void from them? LOL you think that these haplogroups just managed to hop skip and jump completely over Egypt without leaving any genetic legacy. Unbelievable!
quote: What genetic similarity you talking bout!
See all the above.
quote:This also shows on the Y chromosome data where the main Northwest African genetic variant E-M81 only reaches 10% in Egypt!
No source for your 10% claim.
BTW, your wonderful L2a is found in only 5% of Egyptians Kivisild et al., 2004 and E is designated as Eurasian Adam by Spencer Wells.
quote:"The interpolation analyses and complete sequencing of present mtDNA sub-Saharan lineages observed in North Africa support the genetic impact of recent trans-Saharan migrations, namely the slave trade initiated by the Arab conquest of North Africa in the seventh century. Saharan people did not leave traces in the North African maternal gene pool for the time of its settlement, some 40,000 years ago." (Harich et al, 2010) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
As you can see from the more RECENT article I cited above (Frigi et al) Harich et al. has been DEBUNKED
Nope. If it was "debunked" by Frigi, then Frigi would have directly debunked Harich or at least mentioned Harich et al 2010 in passing, but he didn't. Harich et al is a complete thorough study with all haplogroups/haplotypes listed, is cemented firmly in your own more recent source Fadhlaoui-Zid et al. 2011 Consider yourself DEBUNKED.
Not a single one of your sources even mention the Dakhleh Oasis . Refutation?Where is it? I asked for FIVE studies that DIRECTLY REFUTE the FIVE studies that support Molak's 2008 "DAKHLEH OASIS".
You couldn't even do that.
And since you have established that you can not provide 5 studies that refute Molak 2008, you have essentially confirmed that there was no Sub Saharan dna envolved at all in the Dakhleh Oasis or state formation process.
Posted by Iah (Member # 19043) on :
quote: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Originally posted by Iah: The point made, is that there were Caucasoids in Africa and is certainly reflected in the Fulani no matter how miniscule you think it was. But that is based on Fulani mtDNA. Now for Ydna:
"The Fulani, who possess the lowest population size in this study, have an interesting genetic structure, effectively consisting of two haplogroups or founding lineages. One of the lineages is R-M173 (53.8%), and its sheer frequency suggests either a recent migration of this group to Africa and/or a restricted gene flow due to linguistic or cultural barriers. The high frequency of sub-clade E-V22, which is believed to be northeast African (Cruciani et al., 2007) and haplogroup R-M173, suggests an amalgamation of two populations/cultures that took place sometime in the past in eastern or central Africa. This is also evident from the frequency of the ‘‘T’’ allele of the lactase persistence gene that is uniquely present in considerable frequencies among the Fulani (Mulcare et al.,2004). Interestingly, Fulani language is classified in the Niger-Congo family of languages which is more prevalent in West Africa and among Bantu speakers, yet their Y-chromosomes show very little evidence of West African genetic affiliation. (“Y-Chromosome Variation Among Sudanese: Restricted Gene Flow, Concordance With Language, Geography, and History” Cavalli-Sforza et al 2008 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
You don't understand that they are only speaking of ONE group of the Fulani in SUDAN.
Which is all the evidence needed to establish the fact that Caucasoids penetrated deep into the region (among other findings).
quote:Other Fulani groups yield different results which is why Keita et al. responded to Hassan et al:
Diversion. We're not talking about other groups.
quote: Hassan et al.’s (2008, p 321) suggestion of a non-African origin for the Fulani is a direct extrapolation based on the predominance (53.8%) of the R1*M173 lineage (an M89 lineage) in a single sample (n 5 26) from Sudan. However, analyses of other samples of Fulani give different results. Here, Y chromosome lineages are discussed in terms of their major markers, which will be understood to include downstream derivatives. For example, M35 will be used to mean both M35* and its derivatives M35/M81, M35/78, etc. In one sample from Guinea Bissau (n 5 59), the markers and frequencies are as follows: M2 275.6%, M35 213.6%, M33 26.8%, and 1.7% each of M75, M91, and M89-derived lineages (Rosa et al., 2007). In another study, based primarily on TaqI 49a, f variants, which can be ‘‘translated’’ into biallelic counterparts, a Fulani (called Peul) sample (n 5 54) from Burkina Faso has these frequencies: M2%–50%, M35 222.1% lineages (Lucotte et al., 2007). A small sample (n 5 20) of Fulbe from one area of the Cameroons has the M33 (E1*) lineage at a frequency of 52% (Scozzari et al., 1997, 1999). Hassan et al.’s sample also has a high percentage of M35 (34.6%). The mix of M2 and M35 lineages, both derivatives of P2 (or PN2) (see dendrogram in Hassan et al.), may reflect the sahara/sahel having served as an interaction zone of populations— a metapopulation which shuffled lineages—in the wetter periods of the early Holocene (Keita, 2005a; Kuper and Kropelin, 2006). The M2 lineage is sometimes almost characterized as being found only associated with the Niger Congo language phylum (Hassan et al., 321), of which Bantu is a subgroup. M2 lineages are found in populations languages from non-Bantu Niger Congo, Nilo-Saharan, and Afro-Asiatic phyla [see discussion in Keita (2005a)], and in high frequencies in West Africa including the Senegambia region Scozzari, 1997, 1999; Lucotte et al., 2007; Rosa et al., 2007).Source: Keita et al. 2010: Letter to the Editor: Commentary on the Fulani—History, Genetics, and Linguistics, an Adjunct to Hassan et al., 2008
BTW, Hassan is the main contributor to that article, so it should be HASSAN ET AL. and not Cavalli-Sforza et al
And notice, Keita (like you) couldn't refute that study, instead he mocks it as a "suggestion" and completey diverts by injecting some other population. Other geneticists demonstrate similar findings:
Lokki et al 2011: "One novel DNA polymorphism, C/T-13906, in the immediate proximity of the main European mutation, was found in six of the Fulani samples... Among the 162 Fulani genotyped, the major Caucasian mutation C/T-13910 was by far the most common polymorphism"
Tishkoff et al. 2009: "Fulani, and eastern Afroasiatic speakers exhibit low to moderate levels of European–Middle Eastern ancestry, consistent with possible gene flow from those regions."
Cerny et al, 2006: "The haplogroups of Western Eurasian origin, such as J1b, U5, H, and V, were also detected but in rather low frequencies (8.1% in total).”
Paganotti et al 2004: "the Fulani are nomadic pastoralists recently settled in west Africa and supposed to have a Caucasoid origin" .
Cavalli-Sforza contributed just as well so don't tell me who to attribute the article to.
quote: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Now, where is a paper that refutes Cavalli-Sforza's 2008 study on the Fulani possessing 58% R-M173? Do you even have one? --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The frequencies of R1* in the Fulani likely experienced what we call, GENETIC DRIFT. And it doesn't need to be refuted if that sample of Fulani is not representative of all the Fulani
In other words, no, you do not have a study that refutes Cavalli-Sforza's 2008 study so you can't refute it, (neither did Keita) so instead you react by directing us to some other population group not related to this one. just like how you completely deviated in the previous post.
And LOL @ "genetic drift" another inexcusable attempt at denial, at nearly 60% it's not. It's a FOUNDING lineage:
"The Fulani, who possess the lowest population size in this study, have an interesting genetic structure, effectively consisting of two haplogroups or founding lineages " Cavalli-Sforza et al 2008
"Although human Y chromosomes belonging to haplogroup R1b are quite rare in Africa, being found mainly in Asia and Europe, a group of chromosomes within the paragroup R-P25* are found concentrated in the central-western part of the African continent, where they can be detected at frequencies as high as 95%. Phylogenetic evidence and coalescence time estimates suggest that R-P25* chromosomes (or their phylogenetic ancestor) may have been carried to Africa by an Asia-to-Africa back migration in prehistoric times. Here, we describe six new mutations that define the relationships among the African R-P25* Y chromosomes and between these African chromosomes and earlier reported R-P25 Eurasian sub-lineages. The incorporation of these new mutations into a phylogeny of the R1b haplogroup led to the identification of a new clade (R1b1a or R-V88) encompassing all the African R-P25* and about half of the few European/west Asian R-P25* chromosomes. A worldwide phylogeographic analysis of the R1b haplogroup provided strong support to the Asia-to-Africa back-migration hypothesis. The analysis of the distribution of the R-V88 haplogroup in >1800 males from 69 African populations revealed a striking genetic contiguity between the Chadic-speaking peoples from the central Sahel and several other Afroasiatic-speaking groups from North Africa. The R-V88 coalescence time was estimated at 9200–5600?kya, in the early mid Holocene. We suggest that R-V88 is a paternal genetic record of the proposed mid-Holocene migration of proto-Chadic Afroasiatic speakers through the Central Sahara into the Lake Chad Basin, and geomorphological evidence is consistent with this view. Fulvio Cruciani 2010
quote: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- A role in the rise of the Egyptian state, but no Sub Saharan input til Roman times. That's is a damming blow to your ideology and also explains why you're so speechless as well. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sub-Saharan Gene flow->Ancient
On the other hand, European gene flow didn't come in until the late period LOL!
Your sources only mention Tunisia and Siwa Berbers, not ancient Egyptians. The only one to mention European gene flow is you. But let's see what your source, Frigi et al 2010 said that you apparently ignored or didn't read:
"The dates for subhaplogroups H1 and H3 (13,000 and 10,000 years, respectively) in Iberian and North African populations allow for this possibility. Kefi et al.’s (2005) data on ancient DNA could be viewed as being in agreement with such a presence in North Africa in ancient times (about 15,000–6,000 years ago) and with the fact that the North African populations are considered by most scholars as having their closest relations with European and Asian populations " (Cherni et al. 2008; Ennafaa et al. 2009; Kefi et al. 2005; Rando et al. 1998). Frigi et al 2010
And then your source Fadhlaoui-Zid 2011:
"most haplogroups in North Africa are of Eurasian origin (Rando et al., 1998; Krings et al., 1999; Plaza et al., 2003; Fadhlaoui-Zid et al., 2004; Harich et al., 2010). Some can be traced to ancient Paleolithic times (such as haplogroups U6, M1b, which are almost specific of northern African populations); however, some maternal lineages have been recently acquired from Europe or the Middle East (such as haplogroups U5, V, R0a, J1b, U3) (Maca-Meyer et al., 2003; Olivieri et al., 2006; Gonzalez et al., 2007).
Your source Fadhlaoui-Zid references Maca-Meyer et al 2003 (above) who in turn states:
"The most probable origin of the proto-U6 lineage was the Near East. Around 30,000 years ago it spread to North Africa where it represents a signature of regional continuity. Subgroup U6a reflects the first African expansion from the Maghrib returning to the east in Paleolithic times. Derivative clade U6a1 signals a posterior movement from East Africa back to the Maghrib and the Near East. This migration coincides with the probable Afroasiatic linguistic expansion. U6b and U6c clades, restricted to West Africa, had more localized expansions. U6b probably reached the Iberian Peninsula during the Capsian diffusion in North Africa.
Attested presence of Caucasian people in Northern Africa goes up to Paleolithic times. From the archaeological record it has been proposed that, as early as 45,000 years ago (ya), anatomically modern humans, most probably expanded the Aterian stone industry from the Maghrib into most of the Sahara [1]. More evolved skeletal remains indicate that 20,000 years later the Iberomaurusian makers, replaced the Aterian culture in the coastal Maghrib. Several hypothesis have been forwarded concerning the Iberomaurusian origin. They can be resumed in those which propose an arrival, from the East, either from the Near East or Eastern Africa, and those which point to west Mediterranean Europe, either from the Iberian Peninsula, across the Gibraltar Strait, or from Italy, via Sicily, as their most probable homeland [2]. Between 10,000 and 6,000 ya the Neolithic Capsian industry flourished farther inland. The historic penetration in the area of classical Mediterranean cultures, ending with the Islamic domination, supposed a strong cultural influx.
Linguistic research suggests that the Afroasiatic phylum of languages could have originated and extended with these Caucasians, either from the Near East or Eastern Africa and that posterior developments of the Capsian Neolithic in the Maghrib might be related to the origin and dispersal of proto-Berber speaking people into the area.
From a mtDNA point of view, the most informative of these genetic markers is the North African clade U6. On the basis of complete mtDNA sequences, it has been proposed that U6 lineages, mainly found in North Africa, are the signatures of a return to Africa around 39,000–52,000 ya [8]. This stresses the importance of its detailed study in order to trace one of the earliest Caucasian arrivals to Africa. Although in moderate frequencies, the geographic range of this clade extends from the Near East to the Canary Islands, along the Atlantic shores of Northwest Africa and from the Sahel belt, including Ethiopia, to the southern Mediterranean rim.
The fact that 5 of the 8 U6a haplotypes detected in the Near East are unique of this area (Fig. ?(Fig.2),2), points to prehistoric demic movements as the most probable cause of the U6a Africa to Asia migration, although historic events cannot be completely ruled out. In frame with the estimated age of U6a are archaeological data supporting early migrations from Africa into the Near East [26]. The expansion of Caucasians in Africa has been correlated with the spread and diversification of Afroasiatic languages.
In summary, the phylogeography, nucleotide diversity, and coalescence ages of U6 lineages show that this clade came back to Africa in Paleolithic times. Its most probable origin was the Near East and not Europe, and since then, its presence in North Africa has been permanent. The focus of the first African expansion, detected by the spread of U6a, was Northwest Africa reaching the Near East also in the Paleolithic.[/B] The posterior U6a1 radiation most probably occurred in Northeast Africa again extending to the Near East. This movement is correlated in time with the attributed origin and expansion of Afroasiatic languages. This U6a1 wave also arrived to the Maghrib, the Northwest African margin, where the more localized U6b and U6c lineages were spreading.
Your source Fadhlaoui-Zid references Olivieri et al 2006 (above) who in turn states:
Sequencing of 81 entire human mitochondrial DNAs (mtDNAs) belonging to haplogroups M1 and U6 reveals that these predominantly North African clades arose in southwestern Asia and moved together to Africa about 40,000 to 45,000 years ago. Their arrival temporally overlaps with the event(s) that led to the peopling of Europe by modern humans and was most likely the result of the same change in climate conditions that allowed humans to enter the Levant, opening the way to the colonization of both Europe and North Africa. Thus, the early Upper Palaeolithic population(s) carrying M1 and U6 did not return to Africa along the southern coastal route of the “out of Africa” exit, but from the Mediterranean area; and the North African Dabban and European Aurignacian industries derived from a common Levantine source.
Your source Fadhlaoui-Zid references Gonzalez et al., 2007 (above) who in turn states:
Saudi Arabs had only a minority sub-Saharan Africa component (7%), similar to the specific North-African contribution (5%).
Egyptians were aligned in the cluster of Near East populations. /// The first component separated all the Near East populations from a cluster including Egyptians and other east African groups. The majority of L haplogroups, pulling positively, and haplogroup H, pulling negatively, were predominantly responsible for this split. The second component divided the Near East cluster into three groups. The first comprised northeastern populations characterized by higher frequencies of H haplogroups and absence of L haplogroups. The second combined the Levantine population with Egypt, and the three Arabian Peninsula samples were left in a third group.
And then there is Ottoni et al in Mitochondrial Haplogroup H1 in North Africa: An Early Holocene Arrival from Iberia (yes that's Europe) 2010 who states:
"the maternal pool of Northern Africa appears to be characterized by at least two other major components: (i) a Levantine contribution (i.e. haplogroups U6 and M1, [11]), associated with the return to Africa around 45 kya, and (ii) a more recent West European input associated with the postglacial expansion. Overall, the results of this study support the hypothesis that most of the West Eurasian maternal contribution detectable in Northwest African populations is likely linked to prehistoric (i.e. the post-glacial expansion from the Iberian Peninsula) rather than more recent historic events [26], [27], [37]." these H1 sub-clades most likely arose in North Africa after the arrival of the H1 European founder sequence, corresponding to the H1 node in Figure 1...Coalescence time estimates suggest an arrival of the European H1 mtDNAs at about 8,000–9,000 years ago.....Evidence of trans-Mediterranean contacts between Northern Africa and Western Europe has been assessed at the level of different genetic markers (e.g. [21], [22], [23], [24])."
Which is confirmed and complimented by an older study:
“We show that the main indigenous North African cluster is a sister group to the most ancient cluster of European mtDNAs, from which it diverged »50,000 years ago.” (“The Emerging Tree of West Eurasian mtDNAs: A Synthesis of Control-Region Sequences and RFLPs” Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford)
All these dates predate your recent (A.D.) trans-Saharan slave empire.
All of this equates to a damning blow to your ideology, especially in light of the fact that you won't, no, you couldn't even refute it.
quote: Not to mention sub-Saharan Africans populated North Africa:
Molecular studies on the Y chromosome in North Africa are interpreted as indicating that the southern part of Africa, namely, the Horn/East Africa, was a major source of population in the Nile Valley and northwest Africa after the Last Glacial Maximum, with some migration into the Near East and southern Europe (Bosch et al. 2001; Underhill et al. 2001).--Frigi et al. 2010
Paleolithic Horner's are not the same population as today's Horner's and there are more than enough genetic studies confirming this in the literature. Not only that, but your own article Frigi (above) states: "This would indicate that the North African populations arose from admixture rather than from local evolution, leading to an intermediate genetic structure between eastern sub-Saharan Africans and Eurasians."
Therefore your own source betrays your idea of a "blacks only" Egypt. And we know from Harich et al, 2010 which is much more detailed exposed those Sub Saharan's in North Africa as being a result of the trans Saharan slave trade.
And you failed in any way shape or form to refute the information on the Fulani. Don't waste my time. All you offer is constant diversion and diversion is a tactic of the delusional.
Posted by melchior7 (Member # 18960) on :
Interesting.
Posted by Calabooz' (Member # 18238) on :
Honestly Iah, you are just acting like an idiot:
quote:Originally posted by Iah: Which is all the evidence needed to establish the fact that Caucasoids penetrated deep into the region (among other findings).
*sighs*
You just don't get what Keita et al. were saying, and instead you choose to stick to Hassan et al.'s interpretation of their data even though Keita et al. address their suggestion quite thoroughly. I don't really give a damn if you don't like it and decide to stick with the Hassan et al's suggestion which I may add they are not defending themselves.
quote:Originally posted by Iah: Diversion. We're not talking about other groups.
Dumbass. We are talking about the Fulani and they don't just occupy the Sudan but they are widespread. Nor did they originate in Sudan. So in order to establish a biocultural origins we can not just look in on place they occupy.
quote:Originally posted by Iah: And notice, Keita (like you) couldn't refute that study, instead he mocks it as a "suggestion" and completey diverts by injecting some other population. Other geneticists demonstrate similar findings:
What the phuck are you talking about? Keita et al. don't mock anything - they are simply exploring the suggestion made by Hassan et al. of a non-African origin of the Fulani. Just because you're too stupid to understand Keita et al.'s response does not mean they didn't refute a non-African suggestion of the Fulani.
quote:Originally posted by Iah: Lokki et al 2011: "One novel DNA polymorphism, C/T-13906, in the immediate proximity of the main European mutation, was found in six of the Fulani samples... Among the 162 Fulani genotyped, the major Caucasian mutation C/T-13910 was by far the most common polymorphism"
The article you are citing is basing this claim solely on another article from 2002 which identifies the T allele as main causative mutation for lactase persistence in European descent populations. I know this from reading their references. In this case, they are using the article:
"Identification of a variant associated with adult-type hypolactasia."
To back up their claim of the main European component being found in the Fulani. You would know this as well if you read their references. The relevance of this fact is that the are using an older (2002) article to substantiate the claim of the Fulani lactose persistence (LP) to be associated with Europeans. That said, the T allele isn't the only one linked to lactose persistence. Further reading in the Nucleotide specifis Here
quote:Originally posted by Iah: Tishkoff et al. 2009: "Fulani, and eastern Afroasiatic speakers exhibit low to moderate levels of European–Middle Eastern ancestry, consistent with possible gene flow from those regions."
And this proves the point I raised in the other thread about you selecting things you can twist to your liking. Tishkoff et al. NEVER interpreted anything in their data for a non-African origin of the Fulani. They clarify the issue here:
Furthermore, when they say that there are "low to moderate" levels of Middle Eastern-European ancestry, that is based at the K = 11. When we look at K = 14 we see that the Fulani have little if any Near Eastern ancestry, and in fact, as pointed out time and time again, the Dogon seem to have more non African AACs when looking at K= 14.
quote:Originally posted by Iah: Cerny et al, 2006: "The haplogroups of Western Eurasian origin, such as J1b, U5, H, and V, were also detected but in rather low frequencies (8.1% in total).”
Exactly. Key words - low frequencies and 8.1% not indicative of a non-African origin.
quote:Originally posted by Iah: Paganotti et al 2004: "the Fulani are nomadic pastoralists recently settled in west Africa and supposed to have a Caucasoid origin" .
You just cited Cerny et al. and now this? That makes no sense. Cerny et al. (2006) show the Fulani to have a predominant maternal gene pool west African in origin which in turn suggests a west African origin. Get your sh!t together.
quote:Originally posted by Iah: In other words, no, you do not have a study that refutes Cavalli-Sforza's 2008 study so you can't refute it, (neither did Keita) so instead you react by directing us to some other population group not related to this one. just like how you completely deviated in the previous post.
Nope. You're just to stupid to understand how Keita et al. addressed Hassan et al.'s interpretation of the Fulani paternal variation. I mean really, if you want to be stubborn about it and ignore the more recent interpretation offered go right ahead.
quote:Originally posted by Iah: And LOL @ "genetic drift" another inexcusable attempt at denial, at nearly 60% it's not. It's a FOUNDING lineage:
"The Fulani, who possess the lowest population size in this study, have an interesting genetic structure, effectively consisting of two haplogroups or founding lineages " Cavalli-Sforza et al 2008
Genetic drift certainly did play a role. As a matter of fact, you have the answer in your own citation. The Fulani from their study was a small sample size. Keita et al. also addressed that:
"The diversity of Y chromosome haplotypes found in Fulani samples is highly variable and is likely explained by ancient and recent events. The more recent political activities of Fulani in the 18th and 19th centuries led to the Fulbeization of various peoples, a process which had not ended by the mid-20th century (Hendrixson, 1980; David and Voas, 1981; Schultz, 1984). The frequencies in Hassan et al.’s sample are consistent with a secondary migration from the Cameroons where the Fulani are known to have bioculturally assimilated various groups (Schultz, 1984), and where there is a notable frequency of R1*M173 in published samples of various ethnolinguistic groups, including some Fulbe (Scozzari, 1997; Cruciani et al., 2002). Genetic drift could also have had a role. Space does not permit further discussion of R1*M173, which has a higher frequency in central Africa than in the Near East (Flores et al., 2005), and which may have come to Africa in a back migration (Cruciani, 2002) during the Late Stone Age, before the emergence of current or ancient African ethnic/linguistic groups/ peoples. R1*M173 became part of an African biocultural evolutionary history, perhaps shaped in part in a later Saharan metapopulation, and apparently later dispersed (along with other lineages) into the ancestral populations of various regions. The evidence supports the Fulbe having emerged in Africa.--Keita et al.
Oh wait, you're going to say that Keita et al. didn't refute Hassan et al's suggestions even though they responded in the same journal and their article has yet to be challenged by Hassan et al.
quote:Originally posted by Iah: Fulvio Cruciani 2010
What's your point with Cruciani exactly?
quote:Originally posted by Iah: Your sources only mention Tunisia and Siwa Berbers, not ancient Egyptians. The only one to mention European gene flow is you. But let's see what your source, Frigi et al 2010 said that you apparently ignored or didn't read:
"The dates for subhaplogroups H1 and H3 (13,000 and 10,000 years, respectively) in Iberian and North African populations allow for this possibility. Kefi et al.’s (2005) data on ancient DNA could be viewed as being in agreement with such a presence in North Africa in ancient times (about 15,000–6,000 years ago) and with the fact that the North African populations are considered by most scholars as having their closest relations with European and Asian populations " (Cherni et al. 2008; Ennafaa et al. 2009; Kefi et al. 2005; Rando et al. 1998). Frigi et al 2010
And just when I though you couldn't get any more retarded than you already are.
In the above quote Frigi et al. is NOT talking about Nile Valley inhabitants but NORTHWEST Africans. Are you for some reason unable to check the references she is making there? The mtDNA for northwest Africa is not the same as for northeast Africa.
quote:Originally posted by Iah: And then your source Fadhlaoui-Zid 2011:
"most haplogroups in North Africa are of Eurasian origin (Rando et al., 1998; Krings et al., 1999; Plaza et al., 2003; Fadhlaoui-Zid et al., 2004; Harich et al., 2010). Some can be traced to ancient Paleolithic times (such as haplogroups U6, M1b, which are almost specific of northern African populations); however, some maternal lineages have been recently acquired from Europe or the Middle East (such as haplogroups U5, V, R0a, J1b, U3) (Maca-Meyer et al., 2003; Olivieri et al., 2006; Gonzalez et al., 2007).
Your source Fadhlaoui-Zid references Maca-Meyer et al 2003 (above) who in turn states:
"The most probable origin of the proto-U6 lineage was the Near East. Around 30,000 years ago it spread to North Africa where it represents a signature of regional continuity. Subgroup U6a reflects the first African expansion from the Maghrib returning to the east in Paleolithic times. Derivative clade U6a1 signals a posterior movement from East Africa back to the Maghrib and the Near East. This migration coincides with the probable Afroasiatic linguistic expansion. U6b and U6c clades, restricted to West Africa, had more localized expansions. U6b probably reached the Iberian Peninsula during the Capsian diffusion in North Africa.
Attested presence of Caucasian people in Northern Africa goes up to Paleolithic times. From the archaeological record it has been proposed that, as early as 45,000 years ago (ya), anatomically modern humans, most probably expanded the Aterian stone industry from the Maghrib into most of the Sahara [1]. More evolved skeletal remains indicate that 20,000 years later the Iberomaurusian makers, replaced the Aterian culture in the coastal Maghrib. Several hypothesis have been forwarded concerning the Iberomaurusian origin. They can be resumed in those which propose an arrival, from the East, either from the Near East or Eastern Africa, and those which point to west Mediterranean Europe, either from the Iberian Peninsula, across the Gibraltar Strait, or from Italy, via Sicily, as their most probable homeland [2]. Between 10,000 and 6,000 ya the Neolithic Capsian industry flourished farther inland. The historic penetration in the area of classical Mediterranean cultures, ending with the Islamic domination, supposed a strong cultural influx.
Linguistic research suggests that the Afroasiatic phylum of languages could have originated and extended with these Caucasians, either from the Near East or Eastern Africa and that posterior developments of the Capsian Neolithic in the Maghrib might be related to the origin and dispersal of proto-Berber speaking people into the area.
From a mtDNA point of view, the most informative of these genetic markers is the North African clade U6. On the basis of complete mtDNA sequences, it has been proposed that U6 lineages, mainly found in North Africa, are the signatures of a return to Africa around 39,000–52,000 ya [8]. This stresses the importance of its detailed study in order to trace one of the earliest Caucasian arrivals to Africa. Although in moderate frequencies, the geographic range of this clade extends from the Near East to the Canary Islands, along the Atlantic shores of Northwest Africa and from the Sahel belt, including Ethiopia, to the southern Mediterranean rim.
The fact that 5 of the 8 U6a haplotypes detected in the Near East are unique of this area (Fig. ?(Fig.2),2), points to prehistoric demic movements as the most probable cause of the U6a Africa to Asia migration, although historic events cannot be completely ruled out. In frame with the estimated age of U6a are archaeological data supporting early migrations from Africa into the Near East [26]. The expansion of Caucasians in Africa has been correlated with the spread and diversification of Afroasiatic languages.
In summary, the phylogeography, nucleotide diversity, and coalescence ages of U6 lineages show that this clade came back to Africa in Paleolithic times. Its most probable origin was the Near East and not Europe, and since then, its presence in North Africa has been permanent. The focus of the first African expansion, detected by the spread of U6a, was Northwest Africa reaching the Near East also in the Paleolithic.[/B] The posterior U6a1 radiation most probably occurred in Northeast Africa again extending to the Near East. This movement is correlated in time with the attributed origin and expansion of Afroasiatic languages. This U6a1 wave also arrived to the Maghrib, the Northwest African margin, where the more localized U6b and U6c lineages were spreading.
No offense dude, but you're just really stupid. Did you not realize when reading any of the above quotes that they mainly discuss haplogroup U6? And if you would have paid attention to the article, U6 is rare to nonexistent in the Nile Valley. The above quotes deal with Northwest African specific clades, they have nothing to do with Northeast Africa that is genetically separated from the west which they subsequently go on to demonstrate in their article.
quote:Originally posted by Iah: Your source Fadhlaoui-Zid references Olivieri et al 2006 (above) who in turn states:
Sequencing of 81 entire human mitochondrial DNAs (mtDNAs) belonging to haplogroups M1 and U6 reveals that these predominantly North African clades arose in southwestern Asia and moved together to Africa about 40,000 to 45,000 years ago. Their arrival temporally overlaps with the event(s) that led to the peopling of Europe by modern humans and was most likely the result of the same change in climate conditions that allowed humans to enter the Levant, opening the way to the colonization of both Europe and North Africa. Thus, the early Upper Palaeolithic population(s) carrying M1 and U6 did not return to Africa along the southern coastal route of the “out of Africa” exit, but from the Mediterranean area; and the North African Dabban and European Aurignacian industries derived from a common Levantine source.
That's better since the above mentions M1 which is the predominant clade in the East. However, if you would have realized when I cited Karima et al. 2011, my citation said: EVEN IF THOSE CLADES ARE THOUGHT TO BE BROUGHT FROM EURASIA. It doesn't change the fact that M1 is an East African specific haplogroup and U6 is North African specific. The origin of M1 has yet to be decided.
quote:Originally posted by Iah: Saudi Arabs had only a minority sub-Saharan Africa component (7%), similar to the specific North-African contribution (5%).
Egyptians were aligned in the cluster of Near East populations. /// The first component separated all the Near East populations from a cluster including Egyptians and other east African groups. The majority of L haplogroups, pulling positively, and haplogroup H, pulling negatively, were predominantly responsible for this split. The second component divided the Near East cluster into three groups. The first comprised northeastern populations characterized by higher frequencies of H haplogroups and absence of L haplogroups. The second combined the Levantine population with Egypt, and the three Arabian Peninsula samples were left in a third group.
I have no idea what sub-Saharan admixture Saudi Arabia has to do with anything. What I find funny here, is that you emphasize on the 7% sub-Saharan input in Saudi Arabia, yet the Fulani had only 8% Eurasian maternal haplotypes. Why the double standard?
FYI, the above quote on Egyptians has to do with the population structure of the modern population, not the ancient.
quote:Originally posted by Iah: And then there is Ottoni et al in Mitochondrial Haplogroup H1 in North Africa: An Early Holocene Arrival from Iberia (yes that's Europe) 2010 who states:
"the maternal pool of Northern Africa appears to be characterized by at least two other major components: (i) a Levantine contribution (i.e. haplogroups U6 and M1, [11]), associated with the return to Africa around 45 kya, and (ii) a more recent West European input associated with the postglacial expansion. Overall, the results of this study support the hypothesis that most of the West Eurasian maternal contribution detectable in Northwest African populations is likely linked to prehistoric (i.e. the post-glacial expansion from the Iberian Peninsula) rather than more recent historic events [26], [27], [37]." these H1 sub-clades most likely arose in North Africa after the arrival of the H1 European founder sequence, corresponding to the H1 node in Figure 1...Coalescence time estimates suggest an arrival of the European H1 mtDNAs at about 8,000–9,000 years ago.....Evidence of trans-Mediterranean contacts between Northern Africa and Western Europe has been assessed at the level of different genetic markers (e.g. [21], [22], [23], [24])."
More retardation. H1=Northwest Africa. It has nothing to do with Northeast Africans and why you insist on associating it with Nile Valley inhabitants is beyond me. The Karima article clearly shows the Northeast African sequencies fall under the starlike node within M1, M1a1, not the Northwest African U6, H lineages etc., which are absolute irrelevancies.
quote:Originally posted by Iah: Which is confirmed and complimented by an older study:
“We show that the main indigenous North African cluster is a sister group to the most ancient cluster of European mtDNAs, from which it diverged »50,000 years ago.” (“The Emerging Tree of West Eurasian mtDNAs: A Synthesis of Control-Region Sequences and RFLPs” Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford)
All these dates predate your recent (A.D.) trans-Saharan slave empire.
I'm getting really tired of this. The above study that you are using sampled - you guessed it northWEST Africans.
quote:Originally posted by Iah: All of this equates to a damning blow to your ideology, especially in light of the fact that you won't, no, you couldn't even refute it.
All this equates to is that you are still unable to grasp the genetic separation of northwest and East Africans and how the former is not representative of the latter.
quote:Originally posted by Iah: And you failed in any way shape or form to refute the information on the Fulani. Don't waste my time. All you offer is constant diversion and diversion is a tactic of the delusional.
What's there to refute? It's quite simple. The Fulani sample from Hassan et al. was a relatively small sample size that showed a high incidence of R1*-M173. However, the problem arises when they tried to suggest a non-African origin for the Fulani based on their rather limited results. It should also be mentioned that R1*-M173 is rare to nonexistent in the Near East and Europeans carry the downstream mutation
quote:Originally posted by Iah: Paleolithic Horner's are not the same population as today's Horner's and there are more than enough genetic studies confirming this in the literature. Not only that, but your own article Frigi (above) states: "This would indicate that the North African populations arose from admixture rather than from local evolution, leading to an intermediate genetic structure between eastern sub-Saharan Africans and Eurasians."
Therefore your own source betrays your idea of a "blacks only" Egypt. And we know from Harich et al, 2010 which is much more detailed exposed those Sub Saharan's in North Africa as being a result of the trans Saharan slave trade.
And you failed in any way shape or form to refute the information on the Fulani. Don't waste my time. All you offer is constant diversion and diversion is a tactic of the delusional.
I am getting tired of this. Once again, THE ABOVE QUOTE HAS NOTHING TO DO WITH THE NILE VALLY BUT BERBERS. Did you not bother to read the full context. The people who have an intermediate genetic structure are NOT those in the Nile Valley, but BERBERS. She makes this abundantly clear in the full context of your quote. You do realize that in the paper she says East Africa was a major population source for North Africa AND the Nile Valley which means that she is not treating the Nile Valley as a part of North Africa.
quote:Originally posted by Iah: And we know from Harich et al, 2010 which is much more detailed exposed those Sub Saharan's in North Africa as being a result of the trans Saharan slave trade.
LMAO!
Posted by Calabooz' (Member # 18238) on :
Second post not loading atm...
Posted by Calabooz' (Member # 18238) on :
quote:Quit crying and making up stuff. There is no negroid mtdna until Roman times and this is based on several studies as cited in Molak 2008. The Hpal 3592 marker is represented by L1 & L2 and has a single origin in Sub Sahara (Chen et al. 1995), which means all mtDNA types with this site are classified as southern, meaning L1 and L2 are essentially African specific, which they tested, yet L3 which is characterized by the loss of the HpaI site at np 3592 is ubiquitous, therefore not African specific.
You are basically proving my entire point to begin with. The only lineages that they designate as "sub-Saharan" in origin are ones with the Hpal (np3,592) and anything else they treat as non-African I assume. However, L3 lacks this site and it is without a doubt sub-Saharan in origin. And as you mention Chen et al. Here is what they have to say:
" "However, although we did not observe haplotypes lacking the 3592 HpaI site in the Pygmies, haplotypes lacking the 3592 HpaI site are not limited to Senegalese populations. These haplotypes have been described in 36% of the Bamileke from Cameroon (Scozzari et al. 1994), 12% of the Khoisan populations from Namibia (Soodyall and Jenkins 1992), and 23% - 89% of several Bantu-speaking populations from southern Africa (Johnson et al. 1983; Soodyall and Jenkins 1993). The finding of mtDNAs without the 3592 HpaI site in sub-Saharan populations, which are unlikely to be genetically admixed with European populations, suggests that at least some of the mtDNAs lacking the 3592 HpaI site in the Senegalese arose in Africa and are not the product of genetic admixture with populations from northern Africa, Europe, or Asia. Because of their widespread distribution in sub-Saharan populations, it is most likely that these mtDNAs have an ancient African origin. An African origin of the mtDNAs without the 3592 HpaI site, their similarity to European and Asian mtDNAs, and the absence of mtDNAs defined by the HpaI site at np 3592 in non-African populations, appear to suggest that African mtDNAs without the 3592 HpaI were the only mtDNAs that were carried from Africa by the Homo sapiens sapiens migrations, which ultimately gave rise to modern non-African populations."--Chen et al. 1995
So you can see why the results of the study you cited are highly suspect and can obviously not definitively speak about sub-Saharan gene flow only occurring recently given the flawed methods used to reach that conclusion.
quote:If you bothered to read the study you would have noticed Molak et al is not discussing North Africa, but the Dakhleh Oasis located in south west Egypt. (North East Africa).
No duh.
Posted by Calabooz' (Member # 18238) on :
quote:Sub Saharan markers and its sub clades were tested. Still no Sub Saharan dna found imprinted on this important foundation of Egyptian civilization until Roman times. Case closed.
I can't believe you reference Chen et al. yet you come up with the above statement. The frequencies they obtained, whatever they were, were messed up simply because the Hpal (np3,592) marker does not test for all sub-Saharan lineages. Therefore, their conclusion is unreliable as for the method obtained to reach it. The interesting thing is that Krings et al. and CL Fox et al. both used the same mitochondrial DNA marker in regards to Nubian populations also giving messed up results and conclusions. More recent analysis of Sudanese show the main component of their maternal gene pool to be L3... the significance of this is quite simple when discussing the Dakhleh Oasis as we have recent findings revealing that those from the Dakhleh Oasis showed affinities to those in Lower Nubia (archaeological data) which in turn debunks Ian Shaw:
quote:The only mtdna Sub Saharan influence comes from L3 which is questionable since it's not African specific. The rest: L1 and L2 are recent.
L3 most certainly IS African specific mtDNA lineage. To say otherwise is just asinine.
Distribution map:
While it may be true that it isn't exclusive to the African continent, it was most certainly introduced in the Nile Valley from sub-Saharan Africa (people were moving back and forth in those times). What you are insinuating is that there is a possibility that L3 was introduced to Egypt from a non-African source - which in and of itself is ridiculous simply because outside of Africa L3 has negligible frequency being either extremely rare or non-existent (hence the problem in determining the origins of M1). Not to mention the age:
"The presence of mtDNA lineages belonging to the sub-Saharan Africa macrohaplogroup L in Eurasia and America is mainly explained as the result of the historic and infamous slave trade.In the Arabian peninsula, the incidence of L lineages differs according to country. The highest frequency is found in Yemen (38%), then in Oman and Qatar (16%) and drops to 10% in Saudi Arabia and UAE (Abu-Amero et al., 2008). The most probable source of these sub-Saharan Africa lineages is the geographically closest East African border. However, in that large region it is possible to distinguish at least a northern area conformed by Egypt, Nubia, Sudan, Ethiopia and Somalia in which, at mtDNA level, the L3 haplogroups have significantly greater frequencies than in the southern area represented by Kenya, Tanzania and Mozambique where, in compensation, the most ancestral haplogroup L0 has comparatively higher frequencies.--Vicente M. Cabrera et al. 2009
You mean to tell me you are for some reason doubting that L3 was introduced from sub-Saharan Africa into Egypt and there is a possibility of a non African source for these lineages in Egypt even though wherever it appears outside Africa is recent?
quote:The Dakhleh Oasis started coming into use during the drying phase "at least since 5,000 years ago".
"The aim of the study was to characterize the ancient population from the Dakhleh Oasis."
Well - it looks like the aim of their study failed miserably until they learn to test for all sub-Saharan lineages and not resort to the methods of Krings and CL Fox.
Posted by Calabooz' (Member # 18238) on :
quote:"In the south-east corner of Dakhleh, various stone-built structures are present; it remains unclear how typical this oasis was for the whole of the Western Desert, but it obviously contains the strongest cultural parallels with the Nile Valley. After 4900BC and especially from 4400BC onwards, the desert became less and less inhabitable because of the onset of the arid climate that continues up to the present day." Oxford History Of Ancient Egypt Ian Shaw 2003
Recent archaeological findings show their affinities with Southern Africans (Sudanese peoples. brings up the fact that Sudanese have a majority of L3 and gene flow was likely occurring) which brings emphasis on how the study should have used more up to date methods to obtain their results.
"It is more than likely that the Early Holocene colonisers of the southern Western Desert, the El Adam hunter-gatherer-cattle keepers, came to the south-eastern fringes of the Sahara from the Nile Valley. The El Adam technology and style is almost identical to that of the Arkinian, a final Late Palaeolithic culture known from the flooded village of Arkin in Lower Nubia, some 80km to the south-east of Nabta Playa (Schild et al. 1968)."--Maciej Jordeczka et al. 2011
Not done yet...
Posted by Calabooz' (Member # 18238) on :
quote:I seriously doubt that (as we will soon see), and North Africa is irrelevant to the discussion of the Dakhleh Oasis, but look at what you just admitted. Sub Saharan influence BEFORE the Sahara. Not AFTER. You are arguing against yourself.
I won't keep explaining the flawed methods the article you rely on used to reach it's conclusions... but the point of Frigi et al. is to show that sub-Saharan gene flow from West and East Africa is not solely the result of recent events. Which in turn contradicts Harich et al. The difference is that Frigi et al. observed the North Africans with lineages of West African origin to be divergent from those found in West Africa which indicates an ancient arrival. Of course, you can claim Harich et al. was more detailed all you want, it doesn't change the results obtained for Frigi et al. and their obvious contradicting conclusions.
BTW, of interest is that the Siwa inhabitants DO show mtDNA affinities to those in the Nile Valley (both show affinities to East Africans). And I never said that there was no sub-Saharan influence after the return of desert conditions. I said simply that sub-Saharan influence would have been greater before the return of desert conditions - which does not equate to no gene flow after. The subsequent wording in my statement means that there was lesser gene flow after this event.
quote:And then you post a quote that has nothing to do with the Nile Valley region (below) but Tunisia and Siwa Berbers:
The mtDNA gene pool of the Siwa Berbers shows affinities to those in the Nile Valley (L lineages and M1) and East Africa.
"Our results highlighted a clear genetic differentiation between Berbers from the Maghreb and **Egyptian Berbers**. The first seems to be more related to European populations as shown by haplogroup H1 and V frequencies, whereas the latter share more affinities with **East African and Nile Valley populations** as indicated by the high frequency of M1 and the presence of L0a1, L3i, L4∗, and L4b2 lineages. Moreover, haplogroup U6 was not observed in Siwa. Probably, such a maternal diversity between North African Berbers would have been the result of a conjunction of several geographical, prehistoric, and historic factors which guided contacts (and thus exchanges) between local populations and migrating groups."--C. Coudray et al. 2009
Posted by Truthcentric (Member # 3735) on :
I don't get why people think the genetic makeup of Northwest African Berbers is pertinent to the peopling of the Nile Valley. Looking at any physical map of Africa will show you that not only is the northern Maghreb cut off from Egypt by miles upon miles of desert but also by the Atlas Mountains:
Even if we allow for the Saharan Wet Phase removing the desert barrier, the hypothetical Wandering Caucasoids would still have to worry about hiking through mountains in order to get to the Nile Valley. It is for this reason that I don't think the northern Maghreb would have donated more than an insignificant trickle of genes to Egypt. That leaves Southwest Asia as pretty much the only plausible candidate for a source of Wandering Caucasoids.
Posted by .Charlie Bass. (Member # 10328) on :
Iahtard wrote
quote:Which is all the evidence needed to establish the fact that Caucasoids penetrated deep into the region (among other findings).
No retard, ignorance has penetrated you brain, to use a similar example that refutes your retardology:
European Journal of Human Genetics (2005) 13, 856–866
quote:The BATWING expansion time estimated for K2 in our Somali population (3.3 ky)is consistent with an African southward dissemination of the K2 haplogroup.
Deep penetration of "Caucasoids'" I think not. Groups in Cameroon have R1* M173 at a frequency of 95%, not archaeological evidence exists for a "Caucasoid" penetration deep into Cameroon and the Fulani tested in Sudan do have a different Y chromosone profile than those from Western Africa which supports Keita's hypothesis that the Sudanese Fulani must be descendants of those who migrated east and mixed with another African population to obtain R1*-M173 and through founder effect or drift have an increased frequency of the lineage.
quote:And notice, Keita (like you) couldn't refute that study, instead he mocks it as a "suggestion" and completey diverts by injecting some other population. Other geneticists demonstrate similar findings
Strawman, Keita's intent wasn't to refute the findings of R1*-M173, just the Hassan et al's assertion that Fulani have an non-African origin, try reading within context retard.
More to come later, I have to go to work now.
Posted by zarahan- aka Enrique Cardova (Member # 15718) on :
Even if we allow for the Saharan Wet Phase removing the desert barrier, the hypothetical Wandering Caucasoids would still have to worry about hiking through mountains in order to get to the Nile Valley. It is for this reason that I don't think the northern Maghreb would have donated more than an insignificant trickle of genes to Egypt. That leaves Southwest Asia as pretty much the only plausible candidate for a source of Wandering Caucasoids.
^^ Indeed. And once again purported studies of "North Africa" show a strange inconsistency in how they define the area.
Calabooz said: And as you mention Chen et al. Here is what they have to say:
---------------
"arose in Africa and are not the product of genetic admixture with populations from northern Africa, Europe, or Asia. Because of their widespread distribution in sub-Saharan populations, it is most likely that these mtDNAs have an ancient African origin. An African origin of the mtDNAs without the 3592 HpaI site, their similarity to European and Asian mtDNAs, and the absence of mtDNAs defined by the HpaI site at np 3592 in non-African populations, appear to suggest that African mtDNAs without the 3592 HpaI were the only mtDNAs that were carried from Africa by the Homo sapiens sapiens migrations, which ultimately gave rise to modern non-African populations." --Chen et al. 1995
^^Another good point. The HpaI markers have been seized on by some to argue for fantasy "white Nubians". Alack, and alas, Chen's data undermines such rubbish.
You do realize that in the paper she says East Africa was a major population source for North Africa AND the Nile Valley which means that she is not treating the Nile Valley as a part of North Africa.
I have no idea what sub-Saharan admixture Saudi Arabia has to do with anything. What I find funny here, is that you emphasize on the 7% sub-Saharan input in Saudi Arabia, yet the Fulani had only 8% Eurasian maternal haplotypes. Why the double standard?
^^Same old racist hypocrisy at work to deny Africans their biological variability..
-----------------------------------------
That's better since the above mentions M1 which is the predominant clade in the East. However, if you would have realized when I cited Karima et al. 2011, my citation said: EVEN IF THOSE CLADES ARE THOUGHT TO BE BROUGHT FROM EURASIA. It doesn't change the fact that M1 is an East African specific haplogroup and U6 is North African specific. The origin of M1 has yet to be decided.
^^Indeed. We do know as well that M1 appears mostly in 'sub Saharan' Africa and is rare in Europe and the 'Middle East.'
Posted by Calabooz' (Member # 18238) on :
About Molak et al. (2008) - they themselves do not conduct the research on the ancient specimens. The original article that they mention concludes that any haplotype lacking The Hpal 3592 marker is "Northern" even though as Chen et al. shows, these haplotypes are also common south of the Sahara in groups unlikely to have received them from gene flow. The samples analyzed are actually from the Roman period - which is pretty significant since the mtDNA gene pool in their specimens reveals a heterogeneous profile suggesting influence from contacts etc., thereby not being representative of populations thousands of years earlier during state formation.
Also, aside from the fact of the flawed methods, even their Roman sample contained the Hpal 3592 marker. They then compared this to the current inhabitants (whoever those may be) and concluded that there was an increase this marker influencing the gene frequencies. In order for there to be an increase it must have been present in the pre-existing gene pool.
Your emphasis on Fadhlaoui-Zid et al. referencing Harich et al. is quite ridiculous actually. I admit my wording gets jumbled up sometimes and I make mistakes, but Harich et al.'s conclusions are the exact opposite of Frigi et al. These west African lineages, more common in the west than the East I concur, were likely introduced prior to the Neolithic. Harich et al. state otherwise because they did not observe evidence for local expansions in North Africa - contrary to this, Frigi et al.'s samples from North Africa, with lineages that had a west African origin were divergent from West Africans! This is suggestive of an ancient arrival in North Africa.
quote:Haplogroup U is named the Europa clan:
^^Haplogroup U is rare to absent in the Nile Valley. Your citation of Olivieri et al. (2006) is stating that there was a parallel spread of M1 and U6. However, she was apart of a recent article that actually found their Egyptian samples with M1, but no U6! The authors conclude that the M1 in their sample signals an affinity with East Africans.
quote:"Libya and Egypt are also the smallest genetic distances away from European populations. Demic diffusion during the Neolithic period could explain the genetic similarity between northeast Africa and Europe through a parallel process of gene flow from the Near East. The genetic contribution of sub-Saharan Africa appears to be small.” Bosch et al 1997
Bosch et al 1997 also supported by more recent 2005 paper:
"population replacement during the Neolithic from the Levant could explain the genetic similarity between Libya, Egypt, and the European populations.” Population history of North Africa: Evidence from classical genetic markers” Human Biology; Bosch, E; Calafell, F; Perez-Lezaun, et al 2005
Fadhlaoui-Zid et al. refutes the notion of a genetic similarity between Egypt and Libya, what do you not understand about that?
As for Bosch et al. in his other report from 2001 on yDNA his results can be interpreted to suggest sub-Saharan Africa was a major population source for the Nile Valley. There is no evidence for an ancestral Near Eastern or "Eurasian" population in the Nile Valley like there is for Berber groups. To the contrary, the genetic influence of the Near East in Egypt have degraded the ancestral East African specific component of their gene pool to some extent.
"Egypt’s location and amalgam of past ruling populations mixing with the Egyptians has resulted in a heterogeneous make-up."--(Mitochondrial control region sequences from an Egyptian population sample) Jessica L. Saunier et al. 2009
According to Stevanovitch et al. (2004) these further influences would have diluted the ancestral structure resulting in the structure of the modern population. While we're on the subject of mtDNA:
quote:U6 decreases eastwards probably due to gene flow from the Near East as attested for the higher frequencies of H4, H5, H7, H8 and H11 subgroups.
I'm curious if you bothered to read the article. The authors themselves say that there is not enough data on Egyptian H1 lineages to make those types of conclusions. Not to mention the fact that they say the typically Near Eastern (H) haplogroups have an increased frequency in Libya. The only limited data we do have on the West Eurasian H1 lineages in North Africa states:
"Within the West-European component in North Africa, H1 is the most represented haplogroup with frequencies ranging from 21% in some Tunisian Berber groups to 1% in Egypt [28]. Recently, an extremely high incidence of H1 (61%) has been reported in a Tuareg population from the Central Sahara, in Libya [29]. Tuareg are a semi-nomadic pastoralist people of Northwest Africa, who speak a Berber language. MtDNA analyses performed on the Libyan Tuareg have highlighted their genetic relatedness with some Berber groups and other North African populations, mainly resulting from the sharing of a common West-Eurasian component. A high degree of homogeneity in the Libyan H1 lineages was observed, suggesting that the high frequency of H1 in the Tuareg may be the result of genetic drift and recent founder events."--Ottoni et al.
They are more common in Libya/NW Africa.
That said, I will say that you do have a point. The decline in U6 frequencies in the East compared to the West is resulting from separate demographic histories. The maternal gene pool in the West is the result of a large absorption of Eurasian females in the Holocene. While in the Nile Valley the mtDNA signals an East African/Near corridor of contact. The mtDNA reveals an ancestral East African component where the Near Eastern influence has affected the current population diluting the ancestral component.
quote:You're willing to admit there were Caucasoids in the Levant and Caucasoids in Libya, but seem to think Egypt was completely void from them? LOL you think that these haplogroups just managed to hop skip and jump completely over Egypt without leaving any genetic legacy. Unbelievable!
I never uttered the word "Caucasoid" outside of quotation marks. Stop putting words in my mouth. By "Caucasoids" I assume you mean that by the fact that I acknowledge a significant Eurasian maternal input in Northwest Africa? Still, that doesn't mean I believe in the concept of "Caucasians so don't put words in my mouth.
That said, I never denied a Near Eastern influence in Egypt, however insignificant it was.
quote:No source for your 10% claim.
BTW, your wonderful L2a is found in only 5% of Egyptians Kivisild et al., 2004 and E is designated as Eurasian Adam by Spencer Wells.
See Ottoni et al. (2011). He mentions that E-M81 the "Berber" haplogroup reaches 75% frequencies in the Maghreb but decreases to 10% in Egypt. This supports what Truthcentric was saying earlier. There is no evidence that would suggest haplogroup E originated in the Near East - I believe Spencer Wells said East Africa or the Middle East. The evidence supports the former, not the latter. Are you sure he named it "Eurasian" Adam? I'm pretty sure that is not the name given th haplogroup E but CT-M168
As for this....
quote:And more recently:
"Archaeological studies have revealed cultural connections between the two sides of the Red Sea dating to prehistory. The issue has still not been properly addressed, however, by archaeogenetics. We focus our attention here on the mitochondrial haplogroup HV1 that is present in both the Arabian Peninsula and East Africa. The internal variation of 38 complete mitochondrial DNA sequences (20 of them presented here for the first time) affiliated into this haplogroup testify to its emergence during the late glacial maximum, most probably in the Near East, with subsequent dispersion via population expansions when climatic conditions improved. Detailed phylogeography of HV1 sequences shows that more recent demographic upheavals likely contributed to their spread from West Arabia to East Africa, a finding concordant with archaeological records suggesting intensive maritime trade in the Red Sea from the sixth millennium BC onwards. Closer genetic exchanges are apparent between the Horn of Africa and Yemen, while Egyptian HV1 haplotypes seem to be more similar to the Near Eastern ones." Musilová et al June 9, 2011
"6th millennium BC onwards" : that's right on par with Egypt's state formation.
When they say the 6th millenium B.C onwards they are referring to East Africa and Arabia, not Egypt. In the study they do not define Arabia as the Near East either. The gene flow over the red sea from East Africa - Arabia was bi-directional.
The funny thing is that the above article reinforces my position, and the conclusions made by Fadhlaoui-Zid et al that North Africa can be separated into East and West parts albeit, they do say that East Africa was influenced by the Near East (which no one denies) although they do not fully know the extent of which this influence occurred. The study they rely on for when this influence would have occurred itself suffers from flawed sampling. That said, the below quote:
quote:"6th millennium BC onwards" : that's right on par with Egypt's state formation.
^In regards to state formation, Schillaci MA et al. (2009) points out that based on the observations in population structure, ancient Egyptian state formation was substantially indigenous with any outside migrants generally restricted to lower Egypt.
Posted by zarahan- aka Enrique Cardova (Member # 15718) on :
quote:Originally posted by Iah/WHITE NORD
Originally posted by zarahan- aka Enrique Cardova: 9)) Now lets take your bogus claim #9- a few sub-Saharans at an oasis means a;white Egypt; lol
Labeling a scientific study as bogus is hilarious, coming from you.
^^I was referring to your bogus claim #9. Didn't say the study was bogus, but your claim, based on the study. And no one is forgetting that earlier you faked dates on different studies to make them appear more recent.
Originally posted by Iah/WHITE NORD
..since Roman times, gene flow from the Sub-Saharan region has affected gene frequencies of individuals from the oasis.( “Research on ancient DNA in the Near East” Mateusz Baca, Martyna Molak 2008) Regardless of the date, all the studies consistently show that sub-saharan dna appears to be small and the Molak study was just completed last year! There is NO WAY you Afronuts can refute this, so you bitch about an incorrect date. It doesn’t negate the fact, AFRONUT. ----
Boy this ones got you in a bind. Feeling insecure and covering it with multiple "lol's" will do you no good, as it's a reflection of your insecurites. It's all you've got. A "minor" oasis should have seen major Sub Saharan gene flow considering its location and all the time in the world to acquire it. I mean, this is Africa right where you clowns claim only blacks inhabited Africa until recently but apparently blacks did not inhabit this portion of the southern Egyptian desert until recently.
^^The only "insecurity" is yours as in your earlier attempt to make your references seem more current by faking the dates. It still won't work. Equally pathetic is your strawman that anyone claims "only blacks inhabited Africa until recently." Can you show where anyone said that? Go ahead and post their statement, we're waiting...
As for the oasis, your "rebuttal" is still dubious. The oasis is a minor part of Egyptian territory and Egyptian population. Indeed, people left the oasis precisely because it could not sustain much numbers. Hence your 'buildup 'of it falls flat. In addition, no one here disputed that the oasis had gene flow at some time during its millennia of existence. That gene flow could include Greeks Hyskos, Persians, Romans, etc, etc in their respective eras. Saying that anyone here is "denying" that people other than tropical Africans lived at the oasis at some point over its history is yet another bogus strawman on your part, like your faked study dates, among other things.
Furthermore even your proferred weblink on the oasis fails to support your caucasoid Middle Eastern fantasies. It notes that the oasis has been inhabited a long time. Your other proferred "report" shows that 'sub-Saharan' gene flow increased since Roman times. It does not tell us if the sub-Saharan gene flow was already in place before that. All it tells us is that sub-Saharan flow increased. It does not tell us if your precious "caucasoids" were in place earlier than the tropical Africans at all. Your 'oasis buildup' is thin gruel indeed. If anything, the study of the ancient pre-historic material at Dakhleh indicates contacts with nearby Saharan cultures long BEFORE the Roman period. QUOTE:
"The picture emerging from the study of Dakhla prehistory is not so much that of an oasis isolated within a desert, as one with at least occasional far-flung contacts: with neighboring oases and the Nile Valley, with sites westward across the Sahara and with sub-Saharan Africa." -- Encyclopedia of the archaeology of ancient Egyptedited by Kathryn A. Bard, Steven Blake Shubert 1999
And the Egyptian Supreme Council of Antiquities and the Egyptian Museum Fifth International Conference of the Dakhleh Oasis Project, 2006, confirms archaeologist Bard above, showing the site has clear cultural similarities with the tropical Saharan cultures around it as seen in art and iconography, and religious regalia such as masks. If anything the oasis shows clear connection to tropical African cultures. So much for your "ancient caucasoid buildup" at the oasis.
--------------------------------
Originally posted by Iah/WHITE NORD "The Sahara was a strong geographical barrier against gene flow, at least since 5,000 years ago, when desertification affected a larger region" Harich et al, 2010)
^^Again Your proferred quote does nothing to support you. No one ever denied that the Sahara was a barrier to convenient movement up to the Mediterranean zone. Produce a statement by any veteran poster denying that. The key points are (a) the peoples in place and in movement BEFORE the drying up, and (b) movement of people actually INSIDE the Sahara to other places.
As Frigi 2010 shows below, there was gene flow in place long before the drying up of the Sahara 5,000 years ago. This defeats your insinuation of some sort of rigid "sub Saharan" barrier to the presence or movement of tropical Africans. And even within the 5000 years, people came into places like the Nile Valley and moved elsewhere FROM the Sahara. The fact that it was drying up aqctually pushed people to settle more in the Nile Valley. It didn't keep them out- rather it helped pushed them in. As Yurco 1992, 1989 notes the Sahara acted climatic pump. So much for your fantasy "Saharan" barrier in terms of hindering movement of tropical African peoples.
---------------------------------------------------------- Originally posted by Iah/WHITE NORD 10) Now let’s take a look at your miscellaneous claims re “white Africa’:
The peopling of northern Africa appears to be conditioned by the barriers imposed to the north by the Mediterranean Sea and to the south by the Sahara Desert, which constrains human movement to an east-west direction. The harsh landscape, in which mountainous areas are surrounded by arid extensions, favors a dispersed, fragmented pattern of of human settlement… Demic diffusion of Neolithic populations from the Fertile Crescent is thought to have homogenized the genetic composition of the European populations (Cavalli-Sforza et al. 1993, 1994), and it created a major southeast to northwest gradient (Sokal et al. 1991)… population replacement during the Neolithic from the Levant could explain the genetic similarity between Libya, Egypt, and the European populations.” (Population history of North Africa: Evidence from classical genetic markers” Human Biology; Bosch, E; Calafell, F; Perez-Lezaun, et al 2005)
LOL @ "miscellaneous claims" Stop crying. It's a genetic study based on east/west gentic patters and geography.
That's not the issue here. The Sahara became a desert around 4,000 to 5,000 years ago, the rains ceased to their present levels. The article is discussing the NEOLITHIC which is about the time Egypt was becoming populated and the climate/environment changed. -----------------------
^^Now who's going lol.. YOU can 'lol' all you want to "cover" your "insecurities" but once again, your proferred claim does nothing to support your scattered arguments. And you are STILL getting caught out trying to pass and defend bogus dates. The study quote you proffer, and then defend is from 1997. Lmao! Dude, you are still trying to pass off a 1997 study as one from 2005 to make your argument appear more recent! People have already seen through your deception. You still fail miserably.
----------------------------------- Originally posted by Iah/WHITE NORD "The interpolation analyses and complete sequencing of present mtDNA sub-Saharan lineages observed in North Africa support the genetic impact of recent trans-Saharan migrations, namely the slave trade initiated by the Arab conquest of North Africa in the seventh century. Saharan people did not leave traces in the North African maternal gene pool for the time of its settlement, some 40,000 years ago." (Harich et al, 2010)
]OoOoOoO GASP! Doesn't that^ date supersede your stuff?
And I see "suggest" "if" "may" "might" in your paper. Haplogroup E is named Eurasian Adam by Spencer Wells. Ouch.
^^^ You still fail miserably, and predictably skip giving the full Spencer Wells quote. Exactly where does Spencer Wells say Haplogroup E is "Eurasian"? Produce his quote, context and reference. Don't hide, let's see it. Be sure to give an exact context and date, so we know you are not faking with bogus dates again.
Earlier you still defended the faked dates of the Bosch study to make your argument more recent. Caught out in a lie, you now proffer Harich, but that won't save you. Harich's defined "North Africa" area as primarily Morocco and he runs a comparison against other African samples, thus identifying an East West gradient of haplogroups. QUOTE from Harich: "Methods- Samples and DNA extraction. Blood samples were collected from 81 unrelated people from El Jadida, Morocco, nearly 100 km south of Casablanca."
But "North Africa" is a lot more than Morocco. It is not surprising that the coastal area near the Mediterranean and closer to the Iberian penisula, would see less 'sub-Saharan' gene flow from places like Senegal (a comparison point used by Harich). With such a sampling scheme, Harich could easily downplay 'sub Saharan' elements in his conclusions. Misleading sampling is a problem explicitly recognized in DNA research on North Africa by credible scholars. Harich repeats the same misleading sampling problem.
QUOTE: "The North African patchy mtDNA landscape has no parallel in other regions of the world and increasing the number of sampled populations has not been accompanied by any substantial increase in our understanding of its phylogeography. Available data up to now rely on sampling small, scattered populations.. It is therefore doubtful that this picture truly represents the complex historical demography of the region rather than being just the result of the type of samplings performed so far." --Cherni (2005)
Furthermore Frigi 2010, shows that Harich's conclusions are shaky. In fact, the L Haplogroups go back into North Africa long BEFORE the Slave Trade. QUOTE:
"Our results also point to a less ancient western African gene flow to Tunisia involving haplogroups L2a and L3b. Thus the sub-Saharan contribution to northern Africa starting from the east would have taken place **before the Neolithic**. The western African contribution to North Africa should have occurred **before the Sahara’s formation (15,000 years BP)**. It seems likely that an expansion would have taken place in the Sahel zone starting about the time of a gradual climatic return to wetter conditions, when the Senegal River cut through the dunes (Burke et al. 1971). For subhaplogroup L2a1 (data not shown) we found some haplotypes that the Tunisian Berbers shared with Mauritanians and western sub-Saharan populations speaking a Niger-Congo language (studied by Salas et al. 2002)." --Frigi 2010
In addition, in one reply to Calabooz you downplayed L3's African affinities. But your reference, Harich, precisely treats L3 as 'Sub Saharan" in his comparison with his base sample of Moroccans. QUOTE: "We performed the complete sequencing of 8 L3 different haplotypes observed in El Jadida. This haplogroup was selected because it is the most diversified sub-Saharan haplogroup in El Jadida.." Your boy says L3 is Sub-Saharan, but then to Calabooz, you try to downplay and almost deny it. Your own references contradict your arguments.
Sub Saharan markers and its sub clades were tested. Still no Sub Saharan dna found imprinted on this important foundation of Egyptian civilization until Roman times. Case closed.
^^Unfortunately for you no. YOur case is still pretty much debunked. What you say here as to the oasis is bogus, as proved by your own quote, which by the way is not direct from the actual study. Where is the actual data that shows "no sub-Saharan dna found"? Produce it, and be sure to give us an exact data with the dates, so we can tell you are not faking it again, as is your standard modus operandi. Furthermore, your own quote says that an increase in sub-Saharan gene flow was detected since Roman times. But up above, you assert that there was "no sub Saharan dna found". You can't even keep your own argument straight within the same paragraph.
Posted by Calabooz' (Member # 18238) on :
^It's as you say. The data that they use for their analysis is from the Roman period. The analysis of the mitochondrial DNA from the ancient samples was not provided by Molak et al. they just paraphrase it (the actual research is from the 5th international ancient DNA conference of 2001).
MtDNA ANALYSIS OF A ROMAN-CHRISTIAN PERIOD CEMETERY AT THE DAKHLEH OASIS, EGYPT
Ryan Parr Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Canada
A compelling story of life at the ancient Roman-Christian town of Kellis (circa AD 300) in the Dakhleh Oasis, Egypt, is developing through mitochondrial analyses of ancient DNA. Through excavations at Kellis 2, the Roman-Christian period necropolis where the ancient inhabitants of Kellis are interred, a fascinating genetic profile of the residents of classical Kellis is beginning to emerge. Interestingly, metric and non-metric trait analyses of 310 burials suggests a local population in residence at Kellis changing slowly over time through antiquity; however, archaeological evidence alludes to frequent trade with the Nile River valley, suggesting population movement into, through, and out of the oasis during this period. Moreover, social and political conditions throughout the Roman Empire, of which Egypt was a possession during this interval, hint at substantial population movements, possibly involving the oasis. Indeed, preliminary sequencing data of HV-1 suggests a genetically diverse population from a maternal perspective. Moreover, specific point mutations, in the small number of individuals analyzed to date (n=13), hint at potential maternal associations with sub-Saharan Africa in antiquity.
So basically, this site was changing through time. And the fact that Egypt was a part of the Roman empire during this time suggests some form of foreign gene flow into this region which is also reflected by their heterogeneous maternal DNA profile. Furthermore, even in the small sample that was analyzed, there is still evidence of association with sub-Saharan Africans. Yet at the same time I can't help but wonder what "sub-Saharans" of antiquity he speaks of - no doubt in regards to the fact that they used the Hpal (np3,592). But one has to remember that the actual study was done back in 2001, Molak et al. doesn't conduct the actual results. If the study was done in more recent times, I would bet that they would not use the same methods they would find that a significant portion of the so-called northern haplotypes are actually those specific to East Africa (L lineages and M1)!
quote:Originally posted by Zaharan: Earlier you still defended the faked dates of the Bosch study to make your argument more recent. Caught out in a lie, you now proffer Harich, but that won't save you. Harich's defined "North Africa" area as primarily Morocco and he runs a comparison against other African samples, thus identifying an East West gradient of haplogroups. QUOTE from Harich: "Methods- Samples and DNA extraction. Blood samples were collected from 81 unrelated people from El Jadida, Morocco, nearly 100 km south of Casablanca."
But "North Africa" is a lot more than Morocco. It is not surprising that the coastal area near the Mediterranean and closer to the Iberian penisula, would see less 'sub-Saharan' gene flow from places like Senegal (a comparison point used by Harich). With such a sampling scheme, Harich could easily downplay 'sub Saharan' elements in his conclusions. Misleading sampling is a problem explicitly recognized in DNA research on North Africa by credible scholars. Harich repeats the same misleading sampling problem.
Excellent observation, Zaharan. That just goes to show that Harich et al's data cannot be taken as representative or speak definitively on all of North Africa. ESPECIALLY since Frigi et al. observed the West African lineages in North Africans to be divergent from contemporary West Africans which means that there was an expansion of these lineages in the Sahel zone during the wet phase where they would have subsequently been introduced to North Africa. Good catch on the Harich et al. article's sampling.
Posted by zarahan- aka Enrique Cardova (Member # 15718) on :
So basically, this site was changing through time. And the fact that Egypt was a part of the Roman empire during this time suggests some form of foreign gene flow into this region which is also reflected by their heterogeneous maternal DNA profile. Furthermore, even in the small sample that was analyzed, there is still evidence of association with sub-Saharan Africans. Yet at the same time I can't help but wonder what "sub-Saharans" of antiquity he speaks of - no doubt in regards to the fact that they used the Hpal (np3,592). But one has to remember that the actual study was done back in 2001, Molak et al. doesn't conduct the actual results. If the study was done in more recent times, I would bet that they would not use the same methods they would find that a significant portion of the so-called northern haplotypes are actually those specific to East Africa (L lineages and M1)!
^^Excellent point you bring forward on the HPal markers. Here is some more data on the Dahlekh Oasis. We already know that the Egyptian Supreme Council of Antiquities and the Egyptian Museum Fifth International Conference of the Dakhleh Oasis Project, 2006, shows numerous links with 'Sub-Saharan' cultures, but yet another 2000 study says this:
"Recently Kleindienst has been working at Dakhleh Oasis in Egypt, examining the boundaries of the Aterian in North Africa. She suggests that the Aterian's origins lie in its similarities to sub-Saharan Africa, and not to Europe or the Near East." --The African archaeological review: Volume 18 2001
The Kleindienst article they refer to is: --Kleindienst. MR (2000). What is Aterian? The view from Dakleh Oasis and the Western Desert, Egypt. In M. Marlowe (Ed.) Proceeding of the First Dakleh Oasis Project Seminar, pp: 1-51. Oxford: Oxbow Press. 2000
That just goes to show that Harich et al's data cannot be taken as representative or speak definitively on all of North Africa. ESPECIALLY since Frigi et al. observed the West African lineages in North Africans to be divergent from contemporary West Africans which means that there was an expansion of these lineages in the Sahel zone during the wet phase where they would have subsequently been introduced to North Africa.