But the study also found strong genetic ties to non-Jewish groups, with the closest genetic neighbours on the European side being Italians(and Greeks), and on the Middle Eastern side the Druze, Bedouin and Palestinians.
The study provides a genetic basis for confirming or debunking theories of Jewish origin and history, says Ostrer. For example, one theory proposes that Ashkenazi Jews (of eastern European origin) are largely descended from Khazars in eastern Europe who converted to Judaism, but the genetic closeness between Ashkenazi Jews and other non-European Jews does not support this idea.
The study also highlights how genetics can reflect history, Ostrer says, including evidence of the dispersal of Jewish populations throughout the Middle East and Europe. "We really see the events of the Jewish diaspora in the genomes of Jewish people. Using a computer simulation, the researchers estimate that the genetic split between Middle Eastern and European Jews occurred about 100–150 generations ago, or 2,500 years ago — when Jewish communities are thought to have become established in Persia and Babylon. They also trace a high level of genetic mixing between Ashkenazi Jews and nearby non-Jews to more recent times , corresponding to a period between the beginning of the fifteen century and the start of the nineteenth century when the Jewish population in Europe swelled from about 50,000 to 5 million. [/I]
Abstract
For more than a century, Jews and non-Jews alike have tried to define the relatedness of contemporary Jewish people. Previous genetic studies of blood group and serum markers suggested that Jewish groups had Middle Eastern origin with greater genetic similarity between paired Jewish populations. However, these and successor studies of monoallelic Y chromosomal and mitochondrial genetic markers did not resolve the issues of within and between-group Jewish genetic identity. Here, genome-wide analysis of seven Jewish groups (Iranian, Iraqi, Syrian, Italian, Turkish, Greek, and Ashkenazi) and comparison with non-Jewish groups demonstrated distinctive Jewish population clusters, each with shared Middle Eastern ancestry, proximity to contemporary Middle Eastern populations, and variable degrees of European and North African admixture. Two major groups were identified by principal component, phylogenetic, and identity by descent (IBD) analysis: Middle Eastern Jews and European/Syrian Jews. The IBD segment sharing and the proximity of European Jews to each other and to southern European populations suggested similar origins for European Jewry and refuted large-scale genetic contributions of Central and Eastern European and Slavic populations to the formation of Ashkenazi Jewry. Rapid decay of IBD in Ashkenazi Jewish genomes was consistent with a severe bottleneck followed by large expansion, such as occurred with the so-called demographic miracle of population expansion from 50,000 people at the beginning of the 15th century to 5,000,000 people at the beginning of the 19th century. Thus, this study demonstrates that European/Syrian and Middle Eastern Jews represent a series of geographical isolates or clusters woven together by shared IBD genetic threads.
Abraham's Children in the Genome Era: Major Jewish Diaspora Populations Comprise Distinct Genetic Clusters with Shared Middle Eastern Ancestry
The Authors
2 Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA (aka Jews in Hymi-Town U.S.A.)
3 Human Genetics Program, Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA (aka Jews in Hymi-Town U.S.A.)
4 Department of Computer Science, Columbia University, New York, NY 10025, USA (aka Jews in Hymi-Town U.S.A.)
5 The Susanne Levy Gertner Oncogenetics Unit, the Danek Gertner Institute of Human Genetics, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, 52621, Tel-Hashomer, and the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, 69978 Tel-Aviv, Israel (need I say it - Hymi-Land proper)
Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited. All Rights Reserved.
A Story
Jews worldwide share genetic ties
But analysis also reveals close links to Palestinians and Italians.
THIS IS TRUE!!
Jews and Palestinians TOGETHER.
Greek woman
Turkish Woman
Italian Woman.
HOW ARE THESE PEOPLE DIFFERENT?? EXCEPT FOR DRESS - THEY ARE NOT!!!
HERE IS WHY!
.
JEWS:
The Khazars were another ancient Turkic people who first appeared in Transcaucasia, {the transitional region between Europe and Asia, extending from the Greater Caucasus to the Turkish and Iranian borders, between the Black and Caspian seas.} in the 2nd century A.D, and subsequently settled in the lower Volga region. They emerged as a force in the 7th century and rose to great power. By the 8th century the Khazar empire extended from the northern shores of the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea to the Urals and as far westward as Kiev. Also in the 8th Century, the Khazars converted to the Hebrew religion and made Judaism the State religion. “Itil” the Khazar capital in the Volga delta, was a great commercial center. The Khazar Empire fell, when Sviatoslav, duke of Kiev (945–72), son of Igor and of St. Olga, defeated its army in 965 A.D. The Khazars are the progenitors of European Jewry, the entomology of the term Jew or Jewish probably relates to these people. {Hebrews were not known as Jews}.
Italy:
After the Fall of Constantinople, Mehmed would also go on to conquer the Despotate of Morea in the Peloponnese in 1460, and the Empire of Trebizond in northeastern Anatolia in 1461. The last two vestiges of Byzantine rule were thus absorbed by the Ottoman Empire. The conquest of Constantinople bestowed immense glory and prestige on the country.
__________________________________________________ Roman and Hellenic cultures took form in the establishment of the Byzantine Empire in 330 AD around Constantinople. Byzantium remained a major cultural and military power for the next 1,123 years, until the Fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Turks in 1453. On the eve of the Ottoman conquest, much of the Greek intelligentsia migrated to Italy and other parts of Europe not under Ottoman rule, playing a significant role in the Renaissance through the transmission of ancient Greek works to Western Europe. Nevertheless, the Ottoman millet system contributed to the cohesion of the Orthodox Greeks by segregating the various peoples within the empire based on religion, as the latter played an integral role in the formation of modern Greek identity.
After the Greek War of Independence, successfully waged against the Ottoman Empire from 1821 to 1829, the nascent Greek state was finally recognized under the London Protocol in 1830. __________________________________________________
Mehmed II advanced toward Eastern Europe as far as Belgrade, and attempted to conquer the city from John Hunyadi at the Siege of Belgrade in 1456. Hungarian commanders successfully defended the city and Ottomans retreated with heavy losses but at the end, Ottomans occupied nearly all of Serbia.
In 1463, after a dispute over the tribute paid annually by the Bosnian kingdom, Mehmed invaded Bosnia and conquered it very quickly, executing the last Bosnian king Stjepan Tomašević. Sword of Mehmed II
He also came into conflict with and was defeated by Prince Vlad III Dracula of Wallachia in 1462 at the Night Attack. Though forced to retreat from Wallachia due to Vlad's scorched earth policies, Mehmed II left Radu Ţepeş, Vlad's brother, with a small force in order to win over the local nobles. Radu also managed to take the control of Wallachia and was honored the title of Bey in the same year. His brother Vlad (the Dracula) lost all his power and escaped from his country to Hungary, where he was imprisoned due to forged documents.
In 1475, the Ottomans suffered a great defeat at the hands of Stephen the Great of Moldavia at the Battle of Vaslui. In 1476, Mehmed won a pyrrhic victory against Stephen at the Battle of Valea Albă. He besieged the capital of Suceava, but could not take it, nor could he take the Castle of Târgu Neamţ. With a plague running in his camp and food and water being very scarce, Mehmed was forced to retreat.
The Albanian resistance in Albania between 1443 and 1468 led by George Kastrioti Skanderbeg (İskender Bey), an Albanian noble and a former member of the Ottoman ruling elite, prevented the Ottoman expansion into the Italian peninsula. Skanderbeg had united the Albanian Principalities in a fight against the Empire in the League of Lezhë in 1444. Mehmed II couldn't subjugate Albania and Skanderbeg while the latter was alive, even though twice (1466 and 1467) he led the Ottoman armies himself against Krujë. After death of Skanderbeg in 1468, Albanians couldn't find a leader to replace him and Mehmed II eventually conquered Krujë and Albania on 1478.
Mehmed II invaded Italy in 1480. The intent of his invasion was to capture Rome and "reunite the Roman Empire", and, at first, looked like he might be able to do it with the easy capture of Otranto in 1480 but Otranto was retaken by Papal forces in 1481 after the death of Mehmed. It is notable that Mehmet II is not considered the first ruler of Constantinople of Turkic origin. Before him, the Christian Leo IV the Khazar was a de jure Roman Emperor.
Italy did not exist as a state until the country's unification in 1861. Due to this comparatively late unification, and the historical autonomy of the regions that comprise the Italian Peninsula, many traditions and customs that are now recognized as distinctly Italian can be identified by their regions of origin.
As of 2009, the foreign born population origin of Italy was subdivided as follows: Europe (53.5%), Africa (22.3%), Asia (15.8%), the Americas (8.1%) and Oceania (0.06%). The distribution of foreign born population is largely uneven in Italy: 87.3% of immigrants live in the northern and central parts of the country (the most economically developed areas), while only 12.8% live in the southern half of the peninsula.
Palestine:
* In 1250, the Mamluk Dynasty (Turk Slave Soldiers) was established in Egypt and its rule also extended to Palestine and Greater Syria. In 1258, the Mongols (Tartars) occupied Baghdad and destroyed the Abbasid Caliphate. They also occupied Damascus and tried to move south. However, they were defeated in the south by the Sultan of Egypt, Qutz, at the battle of Ein Jalut, near Beisan in Palestine in 1259. The Mamluks continued thereafter to recapture the areas under Frank control, but total eviction of the Crusaders was not achieved until 1291 by Sultan Al-Ashraf Khalil ibn Qalawoon when he occupied Acre in 1291.
* In 1516, the Ottoman Sultan Salim II defeated the Mamluks, capturing Greater Syria and Egypt in 1517. Palestine then became part of the Ottoman Empire for the next 400 years.
* During Ottoman rule, several important developments took place, such as the establishment of the rule of Sheikh Zaher Al-Omar in the north of Palestine (1749-75). He aimed to control Palestine before he was killed near Acre.
* In 1799, Napoleon occupied southern Palestine and entered Jaffa, but his siege of Acre failed. One of the most important event in the history of Palestine in the 19th century was the campaign of Ibrahim Pasha to gain Greater Syria and Palestine in 1831. These areas remained under the control of Mohammed Ali Pasha of Egypt until 1840, when the Ottomans recaptured them.
* In the last decades of Ottoman rule, Palestine was administratively divided into provinces. Jerusalem was directly linked with the Ministry of Interior in Istanbul. Nablus and Acre were incorporated into the province of Beirut. The remainder of the country was under two governing provinces.
* Palestine dispatched deputies to the first Ottoman parliament in 1876, and during this period many Arabs called for political and administrative reforms and self-autonomy. They called for Arabic to be considered the official language. After the reinstatement of the constitution in 1908 and the policies of Turkization pursued by the government, many Arab (read local Turk leaders), including the leaders of Palestine, began to seek independence.
SO WHAT DOES ALL OF THAT HAVE TO DO WITH THESE PEOPLE - THE HEBREWS???
NOTHING!!!
TAKE THAT WHITE MAN HISTORY OF LIES AND MADE-UP STUFF, SOMEWHERE ELSE! Posted by the lioness (Member # 17353) on :
Mike do you realize how ridiculous it is to post these sculptures from Tanis that don't even have noses and most of the face and use it to prove a goddamn thing?
Your rantings are blatantly contradictory yet you don't even realize it. First of all beards are not traditional to African people, and there are white people who have curly hair and white people and ancient people who curled their hair with heating tools.
Here, the Assyrian and the Hebrew look like the same people but in different clothes.
They may have had this tanned skin tone:
black people don't wear beards until Islam, none of these ancient people around the Levant were black.
Jews have a higher percentage of curly hair than Europeans as a whole.
(non-Jewish but Jewish looking Italian actor John Turturro)
all of these people can fit the Hebrews you like to post, and they weren't even the ones heat tonging their hair
Posted by Mike111 (Member # 9361) on :
quote:Originally posted by the lioness: Mike do you realize how ridiculous it is to post these sculptures from Tanis that don't even have noses and most of the face and use it to prove a goddamn thing?
Your rantings are blatantly contradictory yet you don't even realize it. First of all beards are not traditional to African people, and there are white people who have curly hair and white people and ancient people who curled their hair with heating tools.
Here, the Assyrian and the Hebrew look like the same people but in different clothes.
They may have had this tanned skin tone:
black people don't wear beards until Islam, none of these ancient people around the Levant were black.
Jews have a higher percentage of curly hair than Europeans as a whole.
all of these people can fit the Hebrews you like to post, and they weren't even the ones heat tonging their hair
He, he, Okay lioness, Take your pill now.
Posted by Whatbox (Member # 10819) on :
Were i that interested in this study i'd track down the study and identify what genetic marker(s) they are going on incase i know or care to look up populations in which it(they) is(are) found -- all just incase this study bases the statements in its summary on a sample that's lacking or very limited.
Other than that, and i'd say this no matter who they're related to, as far as using these genes go i took it people could become Jewish through intermarriage as well conversion. Making the genes a definite or possible positive sign of Jewish ancestry at best and their absence inconclusive.
Posted by NonProphet (Member # 17745) on :
For all the eyeballing idiots, Black He-Broos, Jepus Christards and other Mofos who keep regurgitating the 'fake Euro Jew' nonsense, notice this quote coincides with Nina Jablonski's theory of population skin color changing in only 100 generations(2000-2500yrs)
Using a computer simulation, the researchers estimate that the genetic split between Middle Eastern and European Jews occurred about 100–150 generations ago, or 2,500 years ago
So even if Jews didn't admix at all with local people they could still get lighter skinned than their Levant ancestors with the change in latitude and UVB levels.
Finally, the Khazar origin and L.E. Protocol myths can finally be buried and gone. And for all you Holocaust deniers -
Take a number Get in line AND
Posted by Mike111 (Member # 9361) on :
NonProphet - Okay Hymi, just so I understand:
THESE PEOPLE
AND THESE PEOPLE
TURNED INTO THESE PEOPLE???
He, he, Okay.
But then, can you please tell me why, THESE people DIDN'T CHANGE???
"Real" Egyptian children
NonProphet - That's what I like about your people; why waste time telling little lies, if you're going to lie, you might as well tell a BIG Lie! He, he. Posted by the lioness (Member # 17353) on :
quote:Originally posted by Mike111: [
"Lord of the Two-lands Neb-kheperu-ra, Tutankhamun
Mike they don't seem to match, what's up with this Tutankhamun. Tut looks more Turkish. Could it be Turks ruling over nations to the race of which they do not belong?
