EgyptSearch Forums: AAPA 2010 Abstracts

...

»	EgyptSearch Forums » Deshret » AAPA 2010 Abstracts

UBBFriend: Email this page to someone!

Author

Topic: AAPA 2010 Abstracts

Evergreen
Member
Member # 12192

Member Rated:

posted

American Association of Physical Anthropologists Annual Meeting:

Cranial diversity of human

skeletal remains from Serra da

Capivara, Northeastern Brazil:

Implications for the origin of the

Native Americans.

DANILO VICENSOTTO

BERNARDO1, WALTER ALVES

NEVES1 and NIEDE GUIDON2.

1Laboratorio de Estudos Evolutivos

Humanos, Universidade de Sao

Paulo, Brazil, 2Fundacao Museu do

Homem Americano, Sao Raimundo

Nonato, Brazil.

The cranial morphology of six

prehistoric human skulls from Serra

da Capivara, Piaui, Brazil was

assessed under a global comparative

perspective. The specimens are

dated to either the Early or the Late

Holocene. The multivariate analyses

conducted (Principal Components

and Discriminant Functions)

showed that the specimens from this

region of Brazil are resolved in two

very distinct and distant groups in

the morph-space. When their cranial

morphologies were compared to the

World cranial variation, one group

exhibited a clear association with

Australo-Melanesians and Africans,

while another exhibited a clear

association with nowadays Asians

and Native Americans. These

results are congruent with the idea

that The Americas were

successively settled by two different

populations, but both coming from

Asia. This study was funded by

FAPESP, grants numbers 08/58729-

8 and 04/01321-6.

Dental variation in Holocene

humans from Kenya, East Africa.

WENDY BLACK and REBECCA

R. ACKERMANN. Department of

Archaeology, University of Cape

Town.

Previous work on Holocene dental

variation in Africa has focused on

certain groups (i.e. Congo, Gabon,

Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon and

South Africa), with relatively less

attention given to other regions.

Part of the reason for this is that

material from other sites is fairly

scarce, not well-documented, and

too often poorly preserved. There

are, however, exceptions to this.

Holocene remains from Kenya were

collected from a number of sites in

and around the Lake Turkana,

Elmenteita and Naivasha lake

28

basins in the early part of the 20th

century. To date, no detailed metric

or non-metric dental analyses of any

of these remains have been

conducted. This study describes the

location and current condition of

this Holocene dental material from

various localities, and presents an

analysis of non-metric trait variation

in the sample (N=84).

Dentition was scored for a suite of

dental morphological attributes,

including 39 common crown, root

and intra-oral osseous traits.

Results demonstrate that the Kenya

material exhibits, among others,

high frequencies of traits such as

shoveling, Tome’s root and

deflecting wrinkle, while

comparative results have revealed

trait similarities between this

material and data from both recent

West and South Africa samples.

Additionally, certain traits such as

the canine mesial ridge and lower

molar seventh cusp occur at

frequencies comparable to those

seen in the Khoesan populations of

southern Africa. Such dental trait

associations suggest that the Kenya

material has close affiliations with

the sub-Saharan African dental

complex and may offer new insights

regarding connections among

African phenotypes.

The Late Stone Age human

remains from Ishango

(Democratic Republic of Congo).

Contribution to the study of the

African Late Pleistocene modern

human diversity.

ISABELLE CREVECOEUR1,2,

PATRICK SEMAL2, ELS

CORNELISSEN3 and ALISON S.

BROOKS4. 1UMR 5199 -

Laboratoire d'Anthropologie des

Populations du Passe, Universite

Bordeaux 1, 2Laboratoire

d'Anthropologie et de Prehistoire,

Institut royal des Sciences naturelles

de Belgique (IRSNB), 3 Culturele

Antropologie/Prehistorie en

Archeologie, Koninklijk Museum

voor Midden-Afrika (KMMA),

4Department of Anthropology,

Georges Washington University.

The Ishango site (Democratic

Republic of Congo) was excavated

during two different campaigns, in

the fifties by a Belgian team

directed by the geologist J. de

Heinzelin, and in the eighties by A.

Brooks and collaborators. It led to

the discovery of numerous human

remains in two stratigraphic layers,

representing a Late Pleistocene and

a Neolithic occupations. The oldest

one, the Niveau Fossilifère

Principal (N.F.Pr.), has been dated

to 20-25 Kyr and contains an

exceptional archaeological material

(engraved bones, hundred of barbed

points, quartz microliths, thousand

of faunal remains, etc.) which

attests the existence of complex

socio-cultural behaviours at that

time in the region. However, the

anthropological potential of the

N.F.Pr. collection, one of the oldest

sample of modern human

population from Central Africa, has

not yet been fully exploited. The

early publications by Twiesselmann

only focused on the most complete

and mature human remains without

taking the stratigraphic origin into

account.

We present here a new inventory

and comparative morphometric

study of these Late Pleistocene

human remains, notably by using

medical and micro-Computer

Tomography acquisitions. The

Ishango remains exhibit

morphometrical characteristics that

lie on the edge of extant modern

human diversity. The study of the

inner ear structures show closer

affinities with Middle Palaeolithic

modern humans than with recent

populations. The estimation of

dental tissue proportions of a

particularly voluminous molar also

stand on the edge of recent

variation. Together with a strong

dimorphism, these new data

question the use of recent

populations as reference for modern

human diversity. This study is

funded by the program Prospective

Research for Brussels (PRFB

2006/CN/JV/520) of the Institute

for the encouragement of Scientific

Research and Innovation of

Brussels (ISRIB) and by the

Fulbright Research Scholarship

(2009-2010).

Biometrics and loco

E. SUSANNE DALY1, STEPHEN

OUSLEY1, and RICHARD

JANTZ2. 1Department of Applied

Forensic Sciences, Mercyhurst

College, 2Department of

Anthropology, University of

Tennessee.

The past few years have seen a rise

in the use of models for

understanding the relationships of

within-population variation to

geographic distance. Recent genetic

studies demonstrate a decrease in

genetic differentiation with an

increase in geographic distance to

sub-Saharan Africa. The greatest

intra-regional genetic diversity has

been seen in Subsaharan Africans

and lower in more distant regions.

Analyses of craniometric and dental

traits have provided similar results

(Betti et al. 2008, Hanihara 2008,

Manica et al. 2007, von Cramon-

Taubadel and Lycett 2008). These

results have been used to support

the recent African origin model.

Dermatoglyphic ridge counts are

considered selectively neutral and

provide an independent comparison

with these results. This study

employs R-Matrix analysis

(Relethford and Blangero 1990) to

test the fit of dermatoglyphic finger

ridge counts to the African origin

model. Samples were limited to

males with a sample size of at least

50 from 81 populations representing

10 major geographic regions.

Simple regression analysis was used

to analyze the relationship between

intra-group variation and

geographic distance. We found no

significant correlation for withingroup

variation and distance from

Africa. In addition, North and South

America, not Subsaharan African,

showed the most diversity. These

results contradict results from

genetic and craniometric traits and

do not support the recent African

origin model. Differences in these

results are discussed in terms of trait

selection, sample selection, sample

size, and methodology.

A new look at an old problem:

Assessing population structure in

Mesolithic – C-Group Nubians

using population genetics

statistics for cranial discrete

traits.

KANYA GODDE. Department of

Anthropology, University of

Tennessee.

Irish (2005), Irish and Turner

(1990), and Turner and Markowitz

(1990) hypothesized that a

population replacement event

occurred in Nubia after the

Paleolithic. Examining this period

of time (Paleolithic – C-Group) for

population changes is complicated

by a hiatus in the archaeological

record between the A- and C-Group

(Nielson 1970), indicating an

abandonment of the area. In order

to understand the population

structure during this critical time in

Nubian history, this study applies a

population genetics approach to

cranial discrete traits. Four samples

were observed for 20 cranial

nonmetric traits: a Mesolithic group

from Wadi Halfa, an A- and CGroup

from Wadi Halfa (data

contributed by Dr. Nancy Lovell),

and a C-Group from Sayala

(Strouhal and Jungwirth 1980). The

population genetics statistics

derived from the data included an R

matrix, Mahalanobis D2 with a

tetrachoric matrix, Fst, principal

coordinates analysis (PCO), and a

Relethford and Blangero (1990)

residuals analysis modified for

cranial discrete traits. The Fst

among the four groups indicates a

high amount of variation, which

was supported by the modified

Relethford-Blangero residuals; the

residuals imply a high level of

extraregional gene flow was

maintained in Nubia during these

time periods, across all groups. The

plot from PCO depicts the two CGroups

clustering with the

preceding Mesolithic and A-Group.

The biological data here and

elsewhere agree with the

archaeological and mortuary

evidence that there was population

continuity (despite high levels of

extraregional gene flow), during this

time. Moreover, the returning

population after the hiatus is

biologically and culturally Nubian.

Body proportions of the Jebel

Sahaba sample.

TRENTON W. HOLLIDAY1.

1Department of Anthropology,

Tulane University.

The Epipaleolithic site of Jebel

Sahaba (Sudan) was discovered in

1962, ca. 1 km from the east bank

of the Nile, and ca. 3 km north of

Wadi Halfa (the site is now

submerged beneath Lake

Nasser/Nubia). From 1962-1966, a

total of 58 intentionally-buried

skeletons were uncovered at the

site. Diagnostic microliths

suggestive of the Qadan industry as

well as the site’s geology suggest an

age of 14 – 12 ka for these burials.

In this study, the body proportions

of the Jebel Sahaba hominins are

compared to those of a large (N =

ca. 1100) sample of recent human

skeletons from Europe, Africa, and

the north circumpolar region, as

well as to terminal Pleistocene

“Iberomaurusian” skeletons from

the northwestern African sites of

Afalou (Algeria) and Taforalt

(Morocco), and Natufian skeletons

from the southern Levantine sites of

El Wad and Kebara.

Univariate analyses distinguish

Jebel Sahaba from European and

circumpolar samples, but do not

tend to segregate them from North

or Sub-Saharan African samples. In

contrast, multivariate analyses

(PCA, PCO with minimum

spanning tree, NJ and UPGMA

cluster analyses) indicate that the

body shape of the Jebel Sahaba

hominins is closest to that of recent

Sub-Saharan Africans, and different

from that of either the Natufians or

the northwest African

“Iberomaurusian” samples.

Importantly, these results

corroborate those of Irish (2000),

who, using non-metric dental and

osseous oral traits, found that Jebel

Sahaba was most similar to recent

Sub-Saharan Africans, and

morphologically distinct from their

contemporaries in other parts

of North Africa. This study was

funded in part by NSF (grant

number SBR-9321339).

Appendicular morphology and

ecogeographic adaptations of the

early Holocene skeletons from

Gobero, Niger.

OSBJORN M. PEARSON1 and

CHRISTOPHER M.

STOJANOWSKI2. 1Department of

Anthropology, University of New

Mexico, 2School of Human

Evolution & Social Change,

Arizona State University.

Gobero is a series of Holocene

cemeteries centered around an

extinct paleolake in the Central

Sahara Desert (Niger).

Geochronological analysis indicates

two occupation phases (9500-8200

and 7200-4500 BP) separated by an

arid spike. The two populations

exhibit dissimilar stature and

craniofacial features but share

dental similarities which recall

Epipaleolithic populations from the

Maghreb. The present research

focuses on the earlier population

from Gobero associated locally with

the Kiffian cultural tradition.

To evaluate the appendicular

morphology and ecogeographic

adaptations of this population, we

measured the length, midshaft

diaphyseal dimensions, and

epiphyseal breadths of the major

long bones in adequately preserved

skeletons (n = 8). We calculated a

series of indices that capture

ecogeographic variation (femoral

head diameter vs. femoral length,

crural and brachial index), and

habitual activity (pilastric, cnemic,

and humeral midshaft shape) and

compared these to 12 recent and 5

fossil populations. Twenty-three

muscle insertion markers were

coded following the Mariotti et al.

system. The results show the early

people from Gobero were very tall,

with a very linear physique with

elongated distal limb segments.

They had strongly developed

femoral pilaster and platycemic

tibiae (129.3±6.8 and 58.2 ±5.3,

respectively, for males), but with

rounded rather than flattened

humeral midshafts. Most of the

muscle marks were weakly

developed. This set of postcranial

features strongly resembles Skhul-

Qafzeh and, less strikingly,

Khoesan. The Kiffian postcranial

signature resembles Epi-Paleolithic

populations of the Maghreb

corroborating craniometric evidence

for a Holocene dispersal of these

peoples into the Sahara. This work

was supported by the Wenner Gren

Foundation for Anthropological

Research (GR7747) and the

National Science Foundation

A population genetics approach to

studying Egyptian state

formation.

ADAM RUSSELL1, and KANYA

GODDE1,2 . 1Department of

Anthropology, University of

Tennessee, Knoxville, 2Department

of Science, South College,

Knoxville.

The process of state formation has

many key archaeological signatures.

Territorial states, for example

Egypt, have defining characteristics

such as elaborate art and

architecture due to greater surplus

from economical control (Trigger

2003). However, territorial state

predecessors were less densely

populated cities, consisting mostly

of elites with agricultural

production of necessary items

(Trigger 2003). While

archaeologically it may be

somewhat apparent how populations

reacted to state formation,

biological changes can be much

more obscure. In order to detect

biological changes in population

structure in Egyptians during state

formation, a population genetics

approach was applied, using RMET.

Craniometrics of five Egyptian

samples from the sites of Badari,

Naqada, Gizeh, Lisht and one dating

to the Coptic Monk period were

obtained from Dr. Tsunehiko

Hanihara (personal

communication). Taken together,

the statistics indicate a pattern

consistent with state formation in

Egypt; the Predynastic samples are

differentiated from later groups and

extraregional gene flow was low.

The skeletal analysis agrees with the

mortuary evidence; social

complexity evolved from somewhat

egalitarian behaviors in early

Predynastic (Badari), with

stratification gradually becoming

more apparent in by the end of the

Predynastic period (Naqada) (cf.

Bard 1989 Castillos, 1983; Midant-

Reynes, 2000a,b). Consequently,

from an archaeological perspective,

social complexity most likely arose

due to changes in procurement of

goods and creation of surplus,

resulting in individual families

becoming more influential and

powerful, causing an internal

structural change. Therefore, the

skeletal and archaeological data

presented in this study agree with

Zakrzewski (2007) that state

formation occurred internally in the

Egyptians.

New research on the Iwo Eleru

cranium from Nigeria.

CHRIS STRINGER1, KATERINA

HARVATI2, PHILIP

ALLSWORTH-JONES3, RAINER

GRUN4 and CALEB ADEBAYO

FOLORUNSO5. 1Dept of

Palaeontology, The Natural History

Museum London, UK, 2Dept of

Early Prehistory and Quaternary

Ecology, Eberhard Karls Universitat

Tubingen, Germany, 3Dept of

Archaeology, Sheffield, UK,

4Research School of Earth Sciences,

Australian National University

Canberra, Australia, 5 Department

of Archaeology & Anthropology,

University of Ibadan, Nigeria.

The Iwo Eleru skeleton was

excavated from the Iwo Eleru rock

shelter in 1965 by Thurstan Shaw

and his team. This contracted burial

was found in a level with Late Stone

Age artefacts, and a radiocarbon

determination on associated

charcoal gave an age of 11,200 ±

200 BP. The poorly preserved

skeleton was of an adult and

probably male individual, and the

skull was reconstructed and studied

by Brothwell (Brothwell and Shaw,

1971, Man 6: 221-227). He linked

the skull to recent West African

populations, but recognized that its

lower vault and frontal profile were

unusual. He also supplied cranial

data for a Principal Components

Analysis performed by Peter

Andrews, and noted that this placed

the specimen apart from recent

African samples. Stringer included

the Iwo Eleru cranium in univariate

and multivariate (Canonical

Variates, Generalised Distance)

analyses for his doctoral thesis,

completed in 1974. His results

highlighted apparent archaic aspects

in the specimen in its long and

rather low cranial shape, and

although modern overall, it also

resembled fossils such as Omo

Kibish 2 and Ngandong in certain

respects. New studies using a

primary replica of Brothwell’s

reconstruction have now been

carried out by Harvati, employing

geometric morphometrics to

generate PCA, CVA, Procrustes

Distance and Minimum Spanning

Tree analyses of the specimen, and

further dating of the skeleton is also

underway. The new morphometric

studies confirm the relatively

archaic shape of the vault,

suggesting that this Late Stone Age

West African was markedly

different from succeeding

populations. This research is

supported by the Max Planck

Gesellschaft and the “EVAN”

Marie Curie Research Training

Network MRTN-CT-019564.

Posts: 2007 | From: Washington State | Registered: Oct 2006 | IP: Logged |

Evergreen
Member
Member # 12192

Member Rated:

posted

quote:
Originally posted by Evergreen:
American Association of Physical Anthropologists Annual Meeting:

A new look at an old problem: Assessing population structure in Mesolithic – C-Group Nubians using population genetics statistics for cranial discrete traits.

The plot from PCO depicts the two C-Groups
clustering with the preceding Mesolithic and A-Group. The biological data here and elsewhere agree with the archaeological and mortuary
evidence that there was population continuity (despite high levels of extraregional gene flow), during this time. Moreover, the returning
population after the hiatus is biologically and culturally Nubian.

Evergreen Writes: Now we have continuity between Mesolithic and C-Group Nubians. We see in the latest dental analysis from Joel D. Irish that C-Group Nubians and Ancient Egyptian samples were proximate. This implies change, yet continuity between mesolithic Nubians and Ancient Egyptians.

Posts: 2007 | From: Washington State | Registered: Oct 2006 | IP: Logged |

Evergreen
Member
Member # 12192

Member Rated:

posted

quote:
Originally posted by Evergreen:

quote:
Originally posted by Evergreen:
American Association of Physical Anthropologists Annual Meeting:

A new look at an old problem: Assessing population structure in Mesolithic – C-Group Nubians using population genetics statistics for cranial discrete traits.

The plot from PCO depicts the two C-Groups
clustering with the preceding Mesolithic and A-Group. The biological data here and elsewhere agree with the archaeological and mortuary
evidence that there was population continuity (despite high levels of extraregional gene flow), during this time. Moreover, the returning
population after the hiatus is biologically and culturally Nubian.
Evergreen Writes: Now we have continuity between Mesolithic and C-Group Nubians. We see in the latest dental analysis from Joel D. Irish that C-Group Nubians and Ancient Egyptian samples were proximate. This implies change, yet continuity between mesolithic Nubians and Ancient Egyptians.

Evergreen Writes: Keep in mind that mesolithic Nubians cluster with recent west Africans in terms of dental, cranial and now skeletal analysis.

quote:
Originally posted by Evergreen:
[QUOTE]Originally posted by Evergreen:
[qb] American Association of Physical Anthropologists Annual Meeting:

Body proportions of the Jebel Sahaba sample.

Importantly, these results corroborate those of Irish (2000), who, using non-metric dental and
osseous oral traits, found that Jebel Sahaba was most similar to recent Sub-Saharan Africans, and
morphologically distinct from their contemporaries in other parts of North Africa.

Posts: 2007 | From: Washington State | Registered: Oct 2006 | IP: Logged |

Elijah The Tishbite
Member
Member # 10328

Rate Member

posted

quote:
Originally posted by Evergreen:

quote:
Originally posted by Evergreen:
American Association of Physical Anthropologists Annual Meeting:

A new look at an old problem: Assessing population structure in Mesolithic – C-Group Nubians using population genetics statistics for cranial discrete traits.

The plot from PCO depicts the two C-Groups
clustering with the preceding Mesolithic and A-Group. The biological data here and elsewhere agree with the archaeological and mortuary
evidence that there was population continuity (despite high levels of extraregional gene flow), during this time. Moreover, the returning
population after the hiatus is biologically and culturally Nubian.
Evergreen Writes: Now we have continuity between Mesolithic and C-Group Nubians. We see in the latest dental analysis from Joel D. Irish that C-Group Nubians and Ancient Egyptian samples were proximate. This implies change, yet continuity between mesolithic Nubians and Ancient Egyptians.

I do have friendly email contact with Goode et al so I will query about the source of this extra-regional geneflow.

Posts: 2595 | From: Vicksburg | Registered: Feb 2006 | IP: Logged |

Swenet
Member
Member # 17303

Member Rated:

posted

1st
Truth, was you referring to that study about the limb proportions of the Natufians?

2nd
What Natufians are we talking about here? The African componant in the Natufians was just one phase of the general Natufian history was it not?

Larry Angel (1972) noted: one can identify Negroid traits of nose and prognathism appearing in Natufian latest hunters.

If the late Pleistocene Natufian sample from Israel is the source from which that Neolithic spread was derived, there was clearly a sub-Saharan African element present of almost equal importance as the Late Prehistoric Eurasian element.

Africans settled in Eurasia earlier than they did in europe, so theoretically speaking, they probably moved away from their African derived body plan earlier than Europeans. Perhaps this is why they found:

quote:

indicate that the body shape of the Jebel Sahaba
hominins is closest to that of recent Sub-Saharan Africans, and different from that of either the Natufians or the northwest African “Iberomaurusian” samples.

Kalonji

Posts: 8785 | From: Discovery Channel's Mythbusters | Registered: Dec 2009 | IP: Logged |

xyyman
Member
Member # 13597

Rate Member

posted

At least this is worth reading!!

--------------------
Without data you are just another person with an opinion - Deming

Posts: 12143 | From: When you have eliminated the impossible, whatever remains, however improbable | Registered: Jun 2007 | IP: Logged |

xyyman
Member
Member # 13597

Rate Member

posted

Help me out here guys. Stop responding to the BS threads from Hammer and Recovered,(These guys are irrelevant, their time have come and GONE). Here is something to sink your teeth into.

Africans in the North East of Brazil. For those who don’t know geography. Northeast Brazil is closest point of the Americas to . . . . West Africa. Even closer than Asia. It seems more logical to conclude that these Africans travelled across the Atlantic rather than Asia, Straits, North America, Central America to NorthEast South America. That migration would of taken 10-15kya. Looks like the Australians did island hopping to the tip of South America then up the coast. But what path did the Africans take?

They haven't found any ships so. . . they assume Asia.

Am I missing something? Is Clyde right?

1. Six skeletal remains from Serra da Capivara, Northeastern Brazil.

2. assessed under a global comparative perspective

3. The specimens are dated to either the Early or the Late Holocene.

4. resolved in two very distinct and distant groups in the morph-space

5. one group exhibited a clear association with Australo-Melanesians and Africans,

6. another exhibited a clear association with nowadays Asians and Native Americans

Conclusion: These results are congruent with the idea that The Americas were

successively settled by two different populations, but both coming from Asia.

Are they grouping Australians and Africans as one? They are not sure.

Posts: 12143 | From: When you have eliminated the impossible, whatever remains, however improbable | Registered: Jun 2007 | IP: Logged |

Swenet
Member
Member # 17303

Member Rated:

posted

^
You do know that Brazille was populated by 50.000bc right?

Posts: 8785 | From: Discovery Channel's Mythbusters | Registered: Dec 2009 | IP: Logged |

xyyman
Member
Member # 13597

Rate Member

posted

No. . . . I did not know the exact time. But my point is if they were Africans, how did they get there and what path?

BTW- we are talking pre-history, more specifically Helocene(10kya?). NOT 50kya . . .for the newbies.

Are we making the assumption that West Africans could NOT possibly make the trip across the ocean. Even given the geographic proximity of West Africa to North East Brazil.

So 10kya were there Africans, Australians and Asians living in North East Brazil????

Is that what the paper is telling us?

Posts: 12143 | From: When you have eliminated the impossible, whatever remains, however improbable | Registered: Jun 2007 | IP: Logged |

Swenet
Member
Member # 17303

Member Rated:

posted

If black people were present by 50.000bc, I think one needs to look for their descendants when assessing the origins of holocene remains, before looking to other black people whether they are located in Africa or Melanesia, unless new evidence surfaces to suggest otherwise.

Posts: 8785 | From: Discovery Channel's Mythbusters | Registered: Dec 2009 | IP: Logged |

xyyman
Member
Member # 13597

Rate Member

posted

Tell me if I go this right. 50kya-10kya (40ky) they were Black people (Africans).

40ky there remained virtually UNCHANGED then what happened. . . . . .?

And why can't they be Africans. . . .? because they don't know how to sail?

Posts: 12143 | From: When you have eliminated the impossible, whatever remains, however improbable | Registered: Jun 2007 | IP: Logged |

Swenet
Member
Member # 17303

Member Rated:

posted

Then at the very maximum they by that time resembled (genetically) the comtemporary African population they sprouted from. It still doesn't allow you to make a case for relatedness to present day black Africans anymore than to other OOA migrated present day peoples, in particular Asiatic black people who they would have seperated from by 50.000bc.

Posts: 8785 | From: Discovery Channel's Mythbusters | Registered: Dec 2009 | IP: Logged |

xyyman
Member
Member # 13597

Rate Member

posted

You bring up an telling point. Genetic testing should conclude if these are modern West Africans ie 3-5kya or ancient Australians ie black people pre-Helocene.

--------------------
Without data you are just another person with an opinion - Deming

Posts: 12143 | From: When you have eliminated the impossible, whatever remains, however improbable | Registered: Jun 2007 | IP: Logged |

xyyman
Member
Member # 13597

Rate Member

posted

The Ishango site (Democratic Republic of Congo) was excavated during two different ampaigns, in the fifties by a Belgian team directed by the geologist J. De Heinzelin,

1. Together with a strong dimorphism, these new data question the use of recent populations as reference for modern human diversity.

--------------------
Without data you are just another person with an opinion - Deming

Posts: 12143 | From: When you have eliminated the impossible, whatever remains, however improbable | Registered: Jun 2007 | IP: Logged |

xyyman
Member
Member # 13597

Rate Member

posted

E. SUSANNE DALY1, STEPHEN OUSLEY1, and RICHARD
JANTZ2. 1Department of Applied

Forensic Sciences, Mercyhurst

College, 2Department of

Anthropology, University of

Tennessee.

The past few years have seen a rise in the use of models for understanding the relationships of within-population variation to geographic distance. Recent genetic
studies demonstrate a decrease in genetic differentiation with an increase in geographic distance to sub-Saharan Africa. The greatest intra-regional genetic diversity has
been seen in Subsaharan Africans and lower in more distant regions. Analyses of craniometric and dental traits have provided similar results.

--------------------
Without data you are just another person with an opinion - Deming

Posts: 12143 | From: When you have eliminated the impossible, whatever remains, however improbable | Registered: Jun 2007 | IP: Logged |

Printer-friendly view of this topic