"The wife of a prince from the court of Memphis is one of the first clearly recognizable portraits of a black in the history of Egyptian art. Her broad nose and thick lips are clearly delineated in a limestone head of about 2600 B.C." - Frank Snowden, Before Color Prejudice, page 11.
"I have designated her a Nubian because I am one of the many scholars who have considered her features clearly Nubian, i.e., Negroid, not Egyptian." - Frank Snowden, Egypt in Africa, page 106.
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Photograph of painted wall relief in the tomb of Ramesses III
Egypt in Africa, (1996), Theodore Clenko, editor -- article by Frank J. Yurco, page 110-111
Excerpt:
“When Egyptian statuary, wall reliefs, and painted scenes are viewed without selectivity, they show a population with various complexions, from light to dark brown, mirroring the diversity of the modern Egyptian population. That this was also so in antiquity is indicated by a statement in Sinuhe's autobiography: "as when a Delta man sees himself in Elephantine, a marsh man in Nubia," metaphors describing the broad ethnic and cultural differences within the country (Lichtheim 1973:225). This agrees with anthropological studies (Keita 1990; 1993) that demonstrate that African population is diverse. The Arab conquest of 639-642 A.D. did not alter significantly Egypt's population, which still remains very diverse (Batrawi 1945; 1946). The Islamization of the population came largely through religious conversion from Christianity although some ten percent of Egyptians remain Christian. This modern population still echoes Nile Valley diversity, where people of the lightest and darkest complexions within Africa are found (Trigger 1978; Yurco 1989). Nonetheless, these Nilotic populations are all Africans, so was the population, religion, culture, and other aspects of pharaonic Egypt (Frankfort 1948). It is quite correct that many early Egyptologists tried to detach Egypt from its African context, as Asante posits in this section, and that this partly reflects racist thinking of earlier eras. Yet, some of the effort to see foreign influence on late Predynastic Egypt was based upon archaeological finds and the early interpretation of them. Current scholarship in Egyptology not acknowledged often by Afrocentrists, has demonstrated that Egyptians were most closely related to Saharan Africans, culturally and linguistically (Hoffman 1991), that such Mesopotamian influence as can be inferred, came through the Nile Delta town of Buto, as part of long-distance trade. Whatever foreign ideas and cultural item were adopted, they were speedily Egyptianized, and they probably did not include writing or its concept (see Yurco essay in the African Origins of Egyptian Writing section). Egypt made early contact with its Nubian neighbors on its southern boundary. After the unification in about 3100 B.C., a distinct Egyptian state emerged (Hoffman, 1991).
Thenceforth, Egyptians called their country Kemet and themselves Rmt. All foreigners were called by distinctive names and portrayed with distinctive dress. Nubian, first call Nhsy(Fisher 1961), were depicted darker, with frizzy hair, and wore a distinctive dress. Later, other groups were encountered in Nubia, for example, Mdja, and viewed as distinct from the Nhsy.”
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I remember reading that the two pictures above respectively represent Thutmose III and Amenhotep III(along with his wife Tiyi), not the contrary.
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quote:Originally posted by Myra Wysinger: Photograph of painted wall relief in the tomb of Ramesses III
Egypt in Africa, (1996), Theodore Clenko, editor -- article by Frank J. Yurco, page 110-111
Shame on Frank Yurco for his dishonest contribution to Egypt in Africa.
The above article by Yurco is FLAWED and even DISHONEST, and here is why:
Egyptologist Dr. Frank Yurco is one such person that completely misrepresents the "Table of Nations" scene in the Ramses III tomb. In a 1996 article on the Ramses III tomb reliefs, Yurco makes a number of false statements as he conveniently overlooks the actual tomb evidence.[3]
1. Yurco claims that the Sethe/Lepsius edition "is indeed a pastiche and not at all what actually is on the wall in Ramses III's tomb reliefs. ...Accordingly, all claims based upon the 1913 pastiche...rest upon a nineteenth to early twentieth century copy that is not correct!"
Yurco misrepresents the work of Sethe/Lepsius and does not explain that they simply reduced the scene from 16 figures to 4 figures, and that the image of each group of men and the accompanying texts are condensed but that the reproduction is otherwise ACCURATE, as the actual tomb photographs indicate. Yurco conveniently shows only 2 members per group and does not show ALL FOUR members of the Egyptian or Nubian groups -> IN ORDER TO OMIT THEIR NAME.
2. Yurco compounds his error by claiming that the "Ramses III reliefs are *exactly* like the Sety I wall reliefs." [emphasis added].
This statement is completely false. From Yurco's own photographs of the two tombs, the Ramses III and Seti I wall reliefs of the four "Table of Nations" groups are obviously different. In each case the appearance and attire of the four groups are shown differently in the two tombs. Not only are there different ethnic groups in the B and D position, but the Egyptians and Nubians are also portrayed markedly different. In fact, several of the groups in the Seti I tomb reliefs are not even wearing shirts! Anyone can compare the images in the two tombs and see that not only are the Ramses III and Seti I scenes obviously different, but that Yurco is openly making false statements. Notice the undeniable contrast between the Seti tomb images (fig. 5-6) and the Ramses III tomb images (fig. 4). - Professor Manu Ampim.
I pronounce thee Nubian, and so...non Egyptian! ->
quote:Originally posted by Myra Wysinger: Egypt's 18th Dynasty
^^"I have designated [him] a Nubian because I am one of the many scholars who have considered [his] features clearly Nubian, not Egyptian." Frank Snowden.
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Khnumhotep II was Overseer of the Eastern Desert, a title granted in Year 19 of the reign of the Pharaoh Amenemhet II, about 1910 B.C., 12th dynasty
The tomb of Khnumhotep II is cut deep into the eastern cliffs that border the Nile at Beni Hassan
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Thanks Myra and King for posting the pictures. Know the so-called Nubian reserve head was labeled the female wife of the tomb owner. Currently the MET has proposed that such reserve head was not actually the wife of the owener but a male Egyptian[not a Nubian] that had similarities with other 4th dyansty kings. Over 32 reserve heads date from this period.
Reserve Head of a Man. Giza; Fourth Dynasty, probably reign of Khufu (ca. 2551?2528 B.C.E.). Limestone; H. 11 7/8 in. (30 cm). Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Harvard University?Museum of Fine Arts Expedition (14.719).
Although each reserve head has characteristics that make it unique, this example stands out from the group. It is one of the largest and is the most perfectly preserved, exhibiting none of the intentional damage found on others. Excavated in a shaft with another head, this one was originally identified as the Nubian wife of the tomb owner. Recent study, however, suggests that it probably represents the male owner of the tomb. Although the face has affinities with later depictions of Nubians, it also bears a striking resemblance to statues of Fourth Dynasty kings and undoubtedly represents an Egyptian. The variations among reserve heads probably reflect the diversity in Egypt's population.Posts: 8675 | From: Tukuler al~Takruri as Ardo since OCT2014 | Registered: Feb 2003
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The tomb of Khnumhotep II is cut deep into the eastern cliffs that border the Nile at Beni Hassan
If I'm not mistaken, in the background, is yet another example of 'black-tone' representation of Egyptian royal service men.
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quote:Originally posted by Supercar: If I'm not mistaken, in the background, is yet another example of 'black-tone' representation of Egyptian royal service men.
YES!
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I think this individual is Tehenu...Ausar would probably have a more definitive answer...
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Osiri Anu (Osiris): Great Ancestor Father of the Kememu
Isi Anu (Isis): Great Ancestor Mother of the Kememu
quote: Osiris: The Egyptians, like so many modern African peoples, worshiped the spirits of their ancestors, and that early in the Dynastic Period, Osiris became the great ancestor of all Egypt, and was worshiped as such. The cult of the ancestor spirit is common all over Africa and its existence seems not to be incompatible with a belief in God, the Creator of the World and all in it.
...The figure of Osiris brought with it the help, protection, and support of the father-god, and it was to the Egyptian exactly what the ancestral-spirit figure is to the African today.
Isis: She was the wife of Osiris, and if Osiris was the great father ancestor, she was, of necessity, the great mother ancestress. The legends which exist in Egyptian texts tell us how the goddess, after she had conceived Horus, retired to the swamps of the Delta, and how being quite alone there, she brought him forth.
In this, as in many other respects, tradition regarded Isis as an African woman, and preferably a woman from the Sudan, for she brought forth her son as Sudani women bring forth their children.
The features look like it-- looking rather Egyptian (still black).
It must be remembered that the Egyptians recognized 2 main groups living in the Western Deserts. The Tjemehu who lived in the southern part of the Western desert across from Upper Egypt, and the Tehenu who lived in the northern part West of the Delta.
Because the Tjemehu lived to the south, these people are described in some sources as 'Nubian'.
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Funny how this scribe is paraded around by Eurocentrics and white supremacists because of his 'fair' color and features.
Yet notice that the true dark color of the statue has been conveniently worn off but could still be seen on the knees and legs and edges of the statue.
Also, are his features really not African?
Compare to the very black man in the green shirt
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The Libyan captive depicted is unfortunately a black and white photo so I cannot really tell by the apperance. Tehennu were usually depicted in a dark brownish apperance with sometimes a pointed beard and a penis sheath. I believe the book The Eastern Libyans by Oric Bates has some pictures of the following. If you can find this book thought inter-library loan or some other means.
The fair skin tamahou type does not really appear untill around the New Kingdom.
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The TMHHW first appear in a 6th dynasty text by the merchant noble Harkhuf. But true I can't recall any painted illustrations of them until the 19th dynasty. The amazing thing is the Tjemehu are first located far south on the west bank of the Nile in Yam yet are mostly creamy coloured (with or without cafe) in New Kingdom paintings.
Tamehou might have become generic in the latter times with Meshwesh and other farther west and nearer the Mediterranean "westerners" falling under that designation.
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Funny how this scribe is paraded around by Eurocentrics and white supremacists because of his 'fair' color and features.
Yet notice that the true dark color of the statue has been conveniently worn off but could still be seen on the knees and legs and edges of the statue.
Indeed.
Pseudoscience often contradicts itself, even in its own terms. - Rory Coker, Ph.D
"Narrow" nasal index of the figure is masqueraded as a "Caucasian" feature [another pseudo-logic notion], along with the thin lips, while the actual tone of the figure [which apparently doesn't fit into the "Caucasion" ideology] is ignored.
quote:Djehuti: Also, are his features really not African?
Compare to the very black man in the green shirt
Pseudo-science: They not only provide no evidence that their claims are true. They also ignore all findings that contradict their conclusions. - Rory Coker
...and:
Pseudoscientists often attempt to imitate the jargon of scientific and technical fields by spouting gibberish that sounds scientific and technical.
...of which, someone like Evil Euro for instance, provided a classic example!
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Material: Painted Wood Size: Height: 36.5 cm Location: Meir, Tomb of Niankhpepi the Black (A 1) Excavation: Antiquities Service Excavations of 1894 Period: 6th Dynasty, Reign of Pepi I (2289-2255 BC)
Niankhpepi the Black was the "Supervisor of Upper Egpt" and "Chancellor of the King of Lower Egypt".
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Material: Papyrus Size: Height 37 cm; Length: 450 cm Location: Western Thebes, Deir el-Bahri Cache (TT 320) Excavation: Antiquities Service Excavations of 1881 Period: 21st Dynasty reign of Pinudjem I (About 1065-1045 BC)
Discovered in the famous Deir el-Bahri Cache, this is part of the Book of the Dead belonging to Pinudjem I.
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quote:Originally posted by Myra Wysinger: Niankhpepi the Black, 6th Dynasty
Cairo Antiquities Museum
Material: Painted Wood Size: Height: 36.5 cm Location: Meir, Tomb of Niankhpepi the Black (A 1) Excavation: Antiquities Service Excavations of 1894 Period: 6th Dynasty, Reign of Pepi I (2289-2255 BC)
Niankhpepi the Black was the "Supervisor of Upper Egpt" and "Chancellor of the King of Lower Egypt".
We must be careful; vigilent! The entire 6th dynasty was Black, so why would we accept this "Niakhepepi the Black" nonsense. Do you have the glyph for this person's name? In the Mdu Ntr "Niakhepepi the Black" would be written "Km Ni Akhe pepi"; thus, "ni Akhe pepi kem" would mean "the last NiAkhepepi" or "niAkhepepi the last(one)!" Let us not accept these devious terms; let us look at the writings...
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^^Yes Wally, your translation seems to make more sense.
Not only is the 6th dynasty (like all Egyptian dynasties) black, but if one were to go the Eurocentric route and claim that the Egyptians weren't black, then by claiming that Niankhpepi was black would mean that he isn't Egyptian but 'Nubian'! Yet is there any proof that the guy was 'Nubian' and not Egyptian?!!
Anyway, all the depictions of him look no different from other ancient Egyptians, so what gives with this "the black" stuff??
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The Identification of the Eighteenth Dynasty Royal Mummies; A Biological Perspective James E. Harris and Fawzia Hussien National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt lnternafional Journal of Osteoarchaeology, Vol 1: pp.235-239
Quote:
"Thutmose I has all those craniofacial characters common to the Nubian people, i.e. skeletal-dental-alveolar prognathism."
Akheperkare Thutmose I (d. 1492 BC; sometimes spelled Thutmosis or Tuthmose) was the third Pharaoh of the 18th dynasty of Egypt. He ruled Egypt from 1504 BC until his death in 1492 BC. He was the father of the Pharaohs Thutmose II and Hatshepsut, and was the first king to be buried in the Valley of the Kings (tombs KV20 and KV38).
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Old Kingdom: This is a period from which many statues are HEAVILY damaged, which gives rise to claims of "distortion" by Egyptologists since they dont differentiate between the ORIGINAL INTENDED colors versus the decayed damaged colors. Often the decayed damaged colors seem to be passed off as the original colors. Most of these statues were originally painted medium/dark brown. HOwever, after decay many only retain a REDDISH residue after the original paint wears away (reddish brown paint will do this). On the other hand the yellow color is still maintained even in the residue.
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Let's stay professional and enrich this interesting topic with more info & images about Ancient Egyptian art
I will not do another Hrs long clean up of 80/90 off-topic replies so if it sinks to it's previous level then it will stay locked!
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quote:Originally posted by Horus_Den_1: Let's stay professional and enrich this interesting topic with more info & images about Ancient Egyptian art
I will not do another Hrs long clean up of 80/90 off-topic replies so if it sinks to it's previous level then it will stay locked!
Yes, let us post new and more info & images about Ancient Egyptian art - only. please...
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quote:Originally posted by Wally: Bes, the Dwarf god or really a Twa?
A Modern Theory of Language Evolution, by Carl J. Becker, 2004, pp. 164 & 167:
In Tanzania lie Lake Victoria, the Ngorongoro Crater and the Olduvai Gorge where the oldest known remains of the human species have been found. The north-south line of lakes, Albert, Ruranzige, Kivu, and Tanganyika, make the eastern edge of the Ituri Forest in Congo. The Efe Pygmies who live on the Ituri Forest called the Towering massif of Ruwenzori Baba Tiba, the Mountains of the Moon. In Efe theology the first man ascended to the heavens after serving as a benevolent governor of the primordial Pygmy nation. He then established residence on the moon where he still assists God by serving as the angel-of-the-moon. For tropical Black Africa the moon was, and still is, the favorite object of veneration, not the sun.
Egyptian texts from around 2500 BC refer to the Pygmies as little men from the land of trees and spirits at the foot of the Mountains of the Moon. Egyptian king Nefrikare sent an expedition into central Africa and it returned with a dancing dwarf known as Akka. In the pyramid text of the sixth-dynasty monarch Pepi I it is declared that, "He who is between the thighs of Nut is the Pygmy who danceth like the god and who pleaseth the heart of the god before his great throne." Nut was the goddess of heaven and the mother of Osiris. This Pygmy was called Bes.
Page 167:
We see, therefore, that it is physiology and genetics that tell us where our earliest ancestors came from; paleontology can only tell us where they went. Geneticist Douglas Wallace believes that Homo sapiens sapiens is descended from the ancestors of Baka Bambuke pygmies. Steven M. Stanley a paleontologist at Johns Hopkins supposes that hominids were forced out of the jungle environment by the cooler and drier climate of Earth by 2.5 millions years ago. Lucy's group was probably part of this group. This would have been an Australopithecine version of the Twa Pygmies who live in the same general area around Lake Kivu on the eastern side of the Mountains of the Moon. The Twa have acclimated to life outside the Ituri Forest and are smiths, potters, and jack-of-all trades.
-----------------
The Akka
That this race is an exceedingly ancient one is proved by the fact that Egyptologist Marriette Bey has discovered on a tomb of the ancient Empire of Egypt a figure of a dwarf with the name Akka inscribed by it. [Source]
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