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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Knowledgeiskey718: [QB] http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=15630565 [b]**Y-chromosome STRs** (DYS434, DYS437, DYS439, DYS393, DYS391, DYS390, DYS19, DYS389I, DYS389II, and DYS388) and the **biallelic system** DYS199 ***were also AMPLIFIED***, Y-STR alleles could be characterized in nine cases, with an average of 4.1 loci per sample correctly typed.[/b] In two samples of the same ethnic group (Aonikenk), an identical and complete eight-loci haplotype was recovered. The DYS199 biallelic system was used as a control of contamination by modern DNA and, along with DYS19, as a marker of American origin. [b]The analysis of both mtDNA and Y-STRs revealed DNA from ***Amerindian*** ancestry. The observed polymorphisms are consistent with the hypothesis that the ancient Fuegians are close to populations from south-central [b]***Chile and Argentina***[/b] , but their high nucleotide diversity and the frequency of single lineages strongly support early genetic differentiation of the Fuegians through combined processes of population bottleneck, isolation, and/or migration, followed by strong genetic drift.[/b] This suggests an early genetic diversification of the Fuegians right after their arrival at the southernmost extreme of South America. Revue / Journal Title American journal of physical anthropology ISSN 0002-9483 Source / Source 2004, vol. 123, no4, pp. 361-370 [10 page(s) (article)] (47 ref.) Mapuche (Chile) [IMG]http://www.gfbv.it/3dossier/ind-voelker/mapuche.jpg[/IMG] Pehuenche (Argentina) [IMG]http://i.pbase.com/o6/66/781466/1/80904745.LZKjuuWK.181418.jpg[/IMG] Aonikenk-Man (Argentina) [IMG]http://www.andaman.org/BOOK/chapter54/text-Fuego/Tehuelche/Aonikenk-Man2.gif[/IMG] Mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms in Chilean aboriginal populations: implications for the peopling of the southern cone of the continent. http://www.citeulike.org/user/Archaeogenetics/article/562903 X Abstract The mitochondrial DNAs (mtDNAs) from individuals belonging to three Chilean tribes, the Mapuche, the Pehuenche, and the Yaghan, were studied both by RFLP analysis and D-loop (control region) sequencing. RFLP analysis showed that 3 individuals (1.3%) belonged to haplogroup A, 19 (8%) to haplogroup B, 102 (43%) to haplogroup C, and 113 (47.7%) to haplogroup D. Among the 73 individuals analyzed by D-loop sequencing, we observed 37 different haplotypes defined by 52 polymorphic sites. Joint analysis of data obtained by RFLP and sequencing methods demonstrated that, regardless of the method of analysis, the mtDNA haplotypes of these three contemporary South American aborigine groups clustered into four main haplogroups, in a way similar to those previously described for other Amerindians. [b]These results further revealed the absence of haplogroup A in both the Mapuche and Yaghan as well as the absence of haplogroup B in the Yaghan. These results suggest that the people of Tierra del Fuego are related to tribes from south-central South America. [/b] ---------------- [QUOTE]Y-chromosome STRs (DYS434, DYS437, DYS439, DYS393, DYS391, DYS390, DYS19, DYS389I, DYS389II, and DYS388) and the biallelic system DYS199 were also amplified, Y-STR alleles could be characterized in nine cases, with an average of 4.1 loci per sample correctly typed. The analysis of both mtDNA and Y-STRs **revealed** DNA from ***Amerindian*** ancestry. The observed polymorphisms are consistent with the hypothesis that the ancient Fuegians are close to populations from south-central ***Chile and Argentina*** [/QUOTE]Note Clyde, the Y STRs you're attributing to Fuegians, are actually STR's in which were amplified in the study, but the analysis clearly reveals Mtda and Y-STRs of Native American ancestry, not recent post OOA. Sorry Clyde, just more misinterpretations of genetics on your part. [QUOTE] Y Chromosome-Specific STRs By Leonor Gusmão1 and Angel Carracedo2 1Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia, Molecular da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal and 2Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain http://www.promega.com/profiles/601/profilesindna_601_03.pdf Y-STRs are the most used Y chromosome markers in the forensic field due to their typing simplicity and high level of diversity. STR typing involves simple and reliable polymerase chain reaction (PCR)(a) techniques and is tolerant of very degraded samples. Of all Y chromosome polymorphic STRs described to date, DYS19, DYS385, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393 and YCAII have more data accumulated, being the most used in population and forensic genetics. Because of collaborative efforts to construct large databases (see [URL=http://www.ystr.org,]www.ystr.org,[/URL] [URL=http://www.ystr.org/usa]www.ystr.org/usa[/URL] and [URL=http://www.ystr.org/asia),]www.ystr.org/asia),[/URL] these markers are the best characterized for amplification performance and specificity, multiplex amplification strategies, sequence structure and nomenclature, as well as worldwide allele frequency distributions. [/QUOTE] [/QB][/QUOTE]
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