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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Clyde Winters: [QB] There is nothing in the post below discussing genetics. Here is the anthropological literature. As noted previously the anthropological literature make it clear the ancient Europeans are related to the San not Australians. The Venus Figures represent the first Europeans. They are representative of the San people and are therefore Africans. This is a bushman or San. [IMG]http://z.about.com/d/goafrica/1/0/_/3/bushmaneldercr.jpg[/IMG] Hottentot [IMG]http://artfiles.art.com/images/-/Carel-Last/The-Hottentot-Venus-Bushman-Woman-from-LHistoire-Naturelle-Des-Mammiferes-Giclee-Print-C12066694.jpeg[/IMG] As I mentioned earlier the Bushman created much of the early civilization of Eurasia. They left us numerous figurines showing their type. Venus Figurines [IMG]http://www.andaman.org/BOOK/chapter5/fig05-3.jpg[/IMG] The Bushman continue to carry this ancient form. Boule and Vallois, note that "We know now that the ethnography of South African tribes presents many striking similarities with the ethnography of our populations of the Reindeer Age. Not to speak of their stone implements which, as we shall see later , exhibit great similarities, Peringuey has told us that in certain burials on the South African coast 'associated with the Aurignacian or Solutrean type industry...."(p.318-319). [b]They add, that in relation to Bushman art[/b] " This almost uninterrupted series leads us to regard the African continent as a centre of important migrations which at certain times may have played a great part in the stocking of Southern Europe.[b] Finally, we must not forget that the Grimaldi Negroid skeletons sho many points of resemblance with the Bushman skeletons". They bear no less a resemblance to that of the fossil Man discovered at Asslar in mid-Sahara, whose characters led us to class him with the Hottentot-Bushman group.[/b] . There have been numerous "Negroid skeletons" related to the San found in Europe. Marcellin Boule and Henri Vallois, in Fossil Man, provide an entire chapter on the Africans/Negroes of Europe Anta Diop also discussed the Negroes of Europe in Civilization or Barbarism, pp.25-68. Also W.E. B. DuBois, discussed these Negroes in the The World and Africa, pp.86-89. DuBois noted that "There was once a an "uninterrupted belt' of Negro culture from Central Europe to South Africa" (p.88). Boule and Vallois, note that "To sum up, in the most ancient skeletons from the Grotte des Enfants we have a human type which is readily comparable to modern types and especially to the Negritic or Negroid type" (p.289). They continue, "Two Neolithic individuals from Chamblandes in Switzerland are Negroid not only as regards their skulls but also in the proportions of their limbs. Several Ligurian and Lombard tombs of the Metal Ages have also yielded evidences of a Negroid element. Since the publication of Verneau's memoir, discoveries of other Negroid skeletons in Neolithic levels in Illyria and the Balkans have been announced. The prehistoric statues, dating from the Copper Age, from Sultan Selo in Bulgaria are also thought to protray Negroids. In 1928 Rene Bailly found in one of the caverns of Moniat, near Dinant in Belgium, a human skeleton of whose age it is difficult to be certain, but seems definitely prehistoric. It is remarkable for its Negroid characters, which give it a reseblance to the skeletons from both Grimaldi and Asselar (p.291). Boule and Vallois, note that "We know now that the ethnography of South African tribes presents many striking similarities with the ethnography of our populations of the Reindeer Age. Not to speak of their stone implements which, as we shall see later , exhibit great similarities, Peringuey has told us that in certain burials on the South African coast 'associated with the Aurignacian or Solutrean type industry...."(p.318-319).[b] They add, that in relation to Bushman [San] art " This almost uninterrupted series leads us to regard the African continent as a centre of important migrations which at certain times may have played a great part in the stocking of Southern Europe. Finally, we must not forget that the Grimaldi Negroid skeletons sho many points of resemblance with the Bushman skeletons".[/b] They bear no less a resemblance to that of the fossil Man discovered at Asslar in mid-Sahara, whose characters led us to class him with the Hottentot-Bushman group. Anthropologists study skeletons. As you can see there is more than one skeleton indicating a San presence in ancient Europe--not Oceanic. This is the physical anthropological research pointing to an African origin of European civilization. [QUOTE]Originally posted by Knowledgeiskey718: [qb] [QUOTE]I will address this issue now. As noted previously the anthropological literature make it clear the ancient Europeans are related to the San not Australians. [/QUOTE]Where is this anthropological data? Where are the post OOA genes found in Europeans? Meanwhile......... They most closely resembled Oceanic populations and not Khoisan, sorry kid. [IMG]http://i35.tinypic.com/2u76a05.png[/IMG] [IMG]http://i37.tinypic.com/r75aoo.png[/IMG] [IMG]http://i33.tinypic.com/34h848p.png[/IMG] Late Pleistocene Human Skull from Hofmeyr, South Africa, and Modern Human Origins http://www.nycep.org/nmg/pdf/26.pdf Thus, Hofmeyr is seemingly primitive in comparison to recent African crania in a number of features, including a prominent glabella; moderately thick, continuous supraorbital tori; a tall, flat, and straight malar; a broad frontal process of the maxilla; and comparatively large molar crowns. Hofmeyr is contemporaneous with later Eurasian Neandertals, but it clearly does not evince the cranial and mandibular apomorphies that define that clade (28). This is not surprising, given its geographic location. Although Hofmeyr is similar in size to Eurasian UP crania, it differs from them in other respects (such as its broad nose and continuous supraorbital tori). In order to assess the phenetic affinities of Hofmeyr to penecontemporaneous Eurasian UP and recent humans, we conducted multivariate morphometric analyses of 3D landmark coordinates and linear measurements of crania representing these populations. We digitized 19 3D coordinates of landmarks that represent as fully as possible the currently preserved anatomy of the Hofmeyr skull (table S4). These were compared with homologous data for recent human samples from five broad geographic areas (North Africa, sub-Saharan Africa, Western Eurasia, Oceania, and Eastern Asia/New World). The sub-Saharan sample was divided into Bantuspeaking (Mali and Kenya) and South African Khoe-San samples. The latter are represented in the Holocene archaeological record of the subcontinent, and inasmuch as they are the oldest historic indigenes of southern Africa, they might be expected to have the closest affinity to Hofmeyr (12). The North African sample consists of Epipaleolithic (Mesolithic) individuals that provide a temporal depth of approximately 10,000 years. The 3D data were also compared for two Neandertal, four Eurasian UP, and one Levantine early modern human fossils (table S5). The landmark coordinate configurations for each specimen were superimposed with the use of generalized Procrustes analysis and analyzed with a series of multivariate statistical techniques (29). Hofmeyr falls at the upper ends of the recent sub-Saharan African sample ranges and within the upper parts of all other recent human sample ranges in terms of centroid size (fig. S6). In a canonical variates analysis of these landmarks (Fig. 2), axis 1 separates the sub-Saharan African samples from the others, and axis 4 tends to differentiate the UP specimens from recent homologs. [b]Hofmeyr clusters with the UP sample,[/b] [b]and although it falls within the recent human[/b] range [b]on both axes, it is outside the 95% confidence[/b] [b]ellipse for the Khoe-San sample and barely within[/b] [b]the limits of the other sub-Saharan African sample.[/b] These canonical axes are weakly correlated with centroid size, which emphasizes that the similarity between Hofmeyr and the UP sample is due only in small part to similarity in size. [/qb][/QUOTE] [/QB][/QUOTE]
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