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[QUOTE]Originally posted by zarahan: [QB] ^^ Good points all. It is ironic that they are quoting Budge when Budge's own quotes undermine their bogus white Egypt approach. As you show above, Budge found Egyptian religion more closely related to that of Africans. Data by modern scholars have found the same thing, putting another spike in the bogus Aryan model. [b]Budge sez (circa 1911): [/b] [i] t may be objected that the modern beliefs and superstitions of the Sudan and Congo-land and Dahomey are survivals of ancient Egyptian religious views and opinions, but the objection seems to me to possess no validity. The oldest and best forms of the Egyptian religion died more than 3000 years ago, and many of the most illuminating facts for comparative and illustrative purposes are derived from the Religions of peoples who live in parts of Africa into which Egyptian influence never penetrated. The power of Egypt reached no farther than the “Island” of Meroe, and it was not truly effective beyond Napata, the modern Marawi, near the foot of the fourth cataract. Modern Sudani beliefs are identical with those of ancient Egypt, because the Egyptians were Africans and the modern peoples of the Sudan are Africans. [/i] [b]Modern research says circa 1984-90 [/b] --------------- Encyclopedia Britannica 1984 ed. Macropedia Article, Vol 6: "Egyptian Religion" , pg 506-508 [i]"A large number of gods go back to prehistoric times. The images of a cow and star goddess (Hathor), the falcon (Horus), and the human-shaped figures of the fertility god (Min) can be traced back to that period. Some rites, such as the "running of the Apil-bull," the "hoeing of the ground," and other fertility and hunting rites (e.g., the hippopotamus hunt) presumably date from early times.. Connections with the religions in southwest Asia cannot be traced with certainty." "It is doubtful whether Osiris can be regarded as equal to Tammuz or Adonis, or whether Hathor is related to the "Great Mother." There are closer relations with northeast African religions. The numerous animal cults (especially bovine cults and panther gods) and details of ritual dresses (animal tails, masks, grass aprons, etc) probably are of African origin. The kinship in particular shows some African elements, such as the king as the head ritualist (i.e., medicine man), the limitations and renewal of the reign (jubilees, regicide), and the position of the king's mother (a matriarchal element). Some of them can be found among the Ethiopians in Napata and Meroe, others among the Prenilotic tribes (Shilluk)."[/i] [b]Frankfort's study of near eastern religion found Egyptian religion very different from that of Mesopotamia and demonstrated that it was more linked to the native religions of East Africa than to any Middle Eastern or European influences. [/b] quote: [i] "Egypt too reflected the natural rhythms of the seasons in the course of the official year. There were annual festivals connected with the rise of the Nile and the end of the inundation, with the resurrection of Osiris; and with the completion of the harvest. But these celebrations, which articulated the progression of the community through the year, differ profoundly in spirit from their Mesopotamian counterparts... .. In this respect there is also a complete contrast between Egypt and Mesopotamia. The earliest Mesopotamian term for king expresses a viewpoint.. lugal means "great man". In Egypt, on the other hand, one of the gods descended among men... there are alive today in Africa groups of people who are true survivors of that great East African substratum out of which Egyptian culture arose.." [/i] (--Frankfort, H. 1978 "Kingship and the gods. A study of ancient Near Eastern religion as the integration of society and nature." Univ. of Chicago Press, Chicago.) [/QB][/QUOTE]
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