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Homosexuality In Pre-Colonial Africa
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by the lioness,: [QB] [IMG]https://images2.imgbox.com/68/4d/fv2TWaPD_o.png[/IMG] https://www.google.com/books/edition/Recreating_Africa/MI_5AKSzYwUC?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=1606 Giovanni Antonio Cavazzi da Montecuccolo (1621–1678) was an Italian Capuchin missionary working as a missionary in Angola, between 1654 and 1677, noted for his travels in 17th century Portuguese Angola and his lengthy account of local history and culture as well as a history of the Capuchin mission there. An Historical Description of Three Kingdoms: Congo, Matamba, and Angola (Italian Istorica descrizione de' tre' regni Congo, Matamba et Angola) is an extensive work written by Giovanni Antonio Cavazzi da Montecuccolo ( Istorica Descrizione de' tre regni Congo, Matamba ed Angola) Cavazzi probably began writing this work around 1660, perhaps in response to his witnessing the conversion of Queen Njinga to Christianity, which he regarded as something of a miracle. _______________________________________ Queen Nzinga and Chibados Chibados (or quimbandas)are third-gender people, born male, who lived most often as women. They were found among the cultures of the Ndongo and other parts of what is today Angola. They were first described in the west by the Portuguese. Chibados were involved as "spiritual arbiters in political and military decisions" and also performed burials. Olfert Dapper was a Dutch geographer who described the chibados as shamans "who walk dressed like women." Portuguese priests and Jesuits described how chibados lived as women and were able to marry other men with no social sanctions. Instead, "such marriages were honored and even prized." Chibados made up a separate caste and elders referred to themselves as "Grandmother." Queen Nzinga of Ndongo and Matamba had over fifty chibados in her court. The chibados were said to be used by Nzinga as concubines. As the Portuguese gained more control in Africa, colonial laws introduced and increased homophobia Olfert Dapper never actually visited Africa himself. But he based a book on Africa based on reports by Jesuit missionaries and trade accounts of the Dutch West India Company. As such it remains a valuable account. Dapper wrote this in his 1668 account of Nzinga’s royal court: “”(She) also maintains fifty to sixty concubines, whom she dresses like women, even though they are young men … Even though they know it, she dresses these fifty to sixty strong and beautiful young men in female garment, according to her habit, and dresses herself as a man. She calls these men women and herself a man. The cross-dressed young men are said to be her concubines.” (Bleys, 33) Olfert Dapper's 'Description of Africa' (1668) is a key text for African studies. His book is one of the most authoritative 17th century accounts on Africa _____________________ [/QB][/QUOTE]
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