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Ok all you mathematician and designer types check this out..as further proof of the Africanity of Kemitic civilization as if further proofs are necessary,the Kemites made use of African Fractals in their buildings, and whats more they transmitted this concept to the Minoans in Crete. All this goes to show African influence in the Aegean genetic as well cultural from atleast the age of the Minoans if not earlier.
Another nonlinear additive series in was found in archaeological evidence from north Africa. Badawy (1965) noted what appears to be use of the Fibonacci series in the layout of the temples of ancient Egypt. Using a slightly different approach, I found a visually distinct example of this series in the successive chambers of the temple of Karnak, as shown in figure 7.2a. Figure 7.2b shows how these numbers can be generated using a recursive loop. This formal scaling plan may have been derived from the non-numeric versions of scaling architecture we see throughout Africa.An ancient set of balance weights, apparently used in Egypt, Syria and Palestine circa 1200 B.C.E., also appear to employ the Fibonacci sequence (Petruso 1985).This is a particularly interesting use, since one of the striking mathematical properties of the sequence is that one can create any positive integer through addition of selected members -- a property that makes it ideal for application to balance measurements (Hoggatt 1969 pp 76). There is no evidence that ancient Greek mathematicians knew of the Fibonacci sequence. There was use of the Fibonacci sequence in Minoan design, but Preziosi (1968) cites evidence indicating that this could have been brought from Egypt by Minoan architectural workers employed at Kahun.
In some accounts authors have stated that Africans use a “primitive” number system in which they count by multiples of two.It is true that many cases of African arithmetic are based on multiples of two, but as we will see, base two systems are not crude artifacts from a forgotten past. They have surprising mathematical significance, not onlyin relation to African fractals, but to the western history of mathematics and computing as well.
The presence of doubling as a cultural theme occurs in many different African societies, and in many different social domains, connecting the sacredness of twins, spirit doubles, and double vision with material objects, like the blacksmith's twin bellows and the double iron hoe given in bridewealth (figure 7.3). Figure 7.4a shows the Ishango bone, which is dated around 8,000 years old and appears to show a doubling sequence. Doubling is fundamental to many of the counting systems of Africa in modern times as well. It is common, for example, to have the word for an even number 2N mean "N plus N" (e.g. the number 8 in the Shambaa language of Tanzania is “ne na ne,” literally “four and four.”)A similar doubling takes place for the precisely articulated system of number hand gestures (figure 7.4b); for example “four” represented by two groups of two fingers, and “eight” by two groups of four. Petitto (1982) A similar doubling takes place for the precisely articulated system of number hand gestures (figure 7.4b); for example “four” represented by two groups of two fingers, and “eight” by two groups of four. Petitto (1982) found that doubling was used in multiplication and division techniques in west Africa (figure 7.4c).Gillings (1972) details the persistent use of powers of two in ancient Egyptian mathematics as well, andZaslavsky (1973) shows archaeological evidence suggesting that ancient Egypt’s use of base-two calculations derived from the use of base-two in sub-Saharan Africa.
Doubling practices were also used by African descendants in the Americas. Benjamin Banneker, for example, made unusual use of doubling in his calculations, which may have derived from the teachings of his African father and grandfather (Eglash 1997c). Gates (1988) examined the cultural significance of doubling in west African religions such as vodun, and its transfer to “voodoo” in the Americas
So yes we new world Blacks are strongly connected to our African family ancient and modern including Kemet but not especially so. Another thing Benjamin Benneker who was largly responsible for the nation's capitol I am will to bet anyone lunch that he used African Fractals in the design as stated he learned from his father and grandfather above.
Posts: 6546 | From: japan | Registered: Feb 2009
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Interesting find. Minoan hieroglyph is also estimated to have been inspired by the Egyptian script.
-------------------- The Complete Picture of the Past tells Us what Not to Repeat Posts: 7516 | From: Somewhere on Earth | Registered: Jan 2008
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quote:Minoan hieroglyph is also estimated to have been inspired by the Egyptian script
Yes according to Bernal and others,..not only the pictorial evidence seems strong but the cultural also,..as per the penis sheats posted in another thread...maybe this is where and when the Greeks got their dose of Benin sickle-cell genes???
Posts: 6546 | From: japan | Registered: Feb 2009
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We know that HbS was in Nile Valley by the early Dynastic era in royal mummified remains, and that the only HbS type found in this region to this day is the Benin type. Therefore, its presence in areas around the Mediterranean sea has nothing to do with recent events of slavery, as some prefer to believe.
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More stuff from the video lecture one may want to take note of the second video 3:13 he dropped this bombshell :
The most interesting thing I found out about it was historical. In the 12th century, Hugo Santalia brought it from Islamic mystics into Spain. And there it entered into the alchemy community as geomancy, divination through the Earth. This is a geomantic chart drawn for King Richard II in 1390. Leibniz, the German mathematician, talked about geomancy in his dissertation called De Combinatoria. And he said, "Well, instead of using one stroke and two strokes, let's use a one and a zero, and we can count by powers of 2." Right? Ones and zeros, the binary code. George Boole took Leibniz's binary code and created Boolean algebra, and John von Neumann took Boolean algebra and created the digital computer. So all these little PDAs and laptops -- every digital circuit in the world -- started in Africa, and I know Brian Eno says there's not enough Africa in computers; you know, I don't think there's enough African history in Brian Eno
Icon 1 posted 22 February, 2010 10:09 AM Profile for redShift Send New Private Message Edit/Delete Post Reply With Quote Great Topic!! Have a look at these vids. African Origins of Maths by Dr Ron Eglash at the TED Conference. (the same Dr Eglash that Djehuti mentioned).
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^You've got some insightful gems going on here; keep it going, Brada!
-------------------- The Complete Picture of the Past tells Us what Not to Repeat Posts: 7516 | From: Somewhere on Earth | Registered: Jan 2008
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Sure will Explorer..later on I will attempt a link to African diviners mixed in with the Islamic culture in Iberia.
Posts: 6546 | From: japan | Registered: Feb 2009
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posted
Ok as promised A link between African diviners or magicians on the continent of Europe this is one possible way of African fractals entering Europe..
From the seventh to the fifteenth centuries the Moors were ruling Spain and North Africa.
During this very same period, a strange cult had arisen in Morocco,crossed the Straits into Andalusia,and was actively-if secretly-followed in centered of Arab civilization with cosmopolitan populations. The latter consisted of Arabized Jews,Christian scholars and wondering ascetics who travelled from one country to another in search of knowledge. The cult was called by the Arab authorities (who tried to put it down)"the double horn" and seemed to be connected with moon-worship.It certainly was associated with magic, and its similarities to what were later reported as the witch practices are very close.
In Morocco to this day,blacksmiths are considered to be great sorcerers;and in the Middle East in general(as well as in the Arabian Nights) it is the Moor who is always a magician. A History Of Secert Sociaties..Arkon Daraul
Another African numbering system that was exported to other parts of the world from early times was board game known as Mancala, Oware and Bao
History Mancala may well be the oldest board game in the world since, like Morris variations, it can be easily played with whatever medium happens to be around. For instance, in Africa, people often play with pebbles using hollows scooped into the earth, with cowrie or other seashells in rings in the sand or specially carved wooden board with seeds. It is a wholly mathematical game - its more complex versions have as much scope as Chess, despite its primitive origins. Mancala board shown is from the author's collection.
Stone Mancala boards have been found carved into the roofs of temples in Memphis, Thebes and Luxor - the game was definitely being played in Egypt before 1400BC. It appears that the game might have evolved in Egypt from boards and counters which were used for accounting and stock taking.
Ancient Gebeta (i.e. mancala) holes in the base of an Aksumite stele, Axum, Ethiopia. Wooden Mancala Board from West Africa
Object
The object of mancala games is usually to capture more stones than the opponent; sometimes, one seeks to leave the opponent with no legal move or to have your side empty first in order to win.
At the beginning of a player's turn, they select a hole with seeds that will be sown around the board. This selection is often limited to holes on the current player's side of the board, as well as holes with a certain minimum number of seeds.
In a process known as sowing, all the seeds from a hole are dropped one-by-one into subsequent holes in a motion wrapping around the board. Sowing is an apt name for this activity, since not only are many games traditionally played with seeds, but placing seeds one at a time in different holes reflects the physical act of sowing. If the sowing action stops after dropping the last seed, the game is considered a single lap game.
Multiple laps or relay sowing is a frequent feature of mancala games, although not universal. When relay sowing, if the last seed during sowing lands in an occupied hole, all the contents of that hole, including the last sown seed, are immediately resown from the hole. The process usually will continue until sowing ends in an empty hole. Another common way to receive "multiple laps" is when the final seed sown lands in your designated hole.
Many games from the Indian subcontinent use pussa-kanawa laps. These are like standard multilaps, but instead of continuing the movement with the contents of the last hole filled, a player continues with the next hole. A pussa-kanawa lap move will then end when a lap ends just prior to an empty hole. [edit] Capturing
Depending on the last hole sown in a lap, a player may capture stones from the board. The exact requirements for capture, as well as what is done with captured stones, vary considerably among games. Typically, a capture requires sowing to end in a hole with a certain number of stones, ending across the board from stones in specific configurations, or landing in an empty hole adjacent to an opponents hole that contains one or more pieces.
Another common way of capturing is to capture the stones that reach a certain number of seeds at any moment.
Also, several games include the notion of capturing holes, and thus all seeds sown on a captured hole belong at the end of the game to the player who captured it. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MancalaPosts: 6546 | From: japan | Registered: Feb 2009
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